Nephrite is a kind of nephrite, commonly known as real jade. The traditional concept refers to jade produced in Hotan area of Xinjiang. Nephrite is a leading high-end nephrite brand in China [1], and the new national standard refers to the name of jade with hardness between 6.0 and 6.5 [2]. Jade in a narrow sense generally refers to Hetian jade in Xinjiang [3]. Hetian jade itself is not a regional concept, not specifically the jade produced in Hetian area of Xinjiang, but the name of a class of products. In China, stones with tremolite accounting for more than 98% are called Hetian jade, also known as nephrite, tremolite, tremolite plus nephrite, tremolite plus Hetian jade. Jade in a narrow sense generally refers to Hetian jade in Xinjiang. The chemical composition is hydrated calcium magnesium silicate, and the chemical formula is Ca: MGS (OH) Z (Si 4011) 2. The hardness is 6-6.5 and the density is 2.95-3. 17. Hetian jade, Hubei turquoise, Henan Nanyang jade and Liaoning xiuyan jade are also called the four famous jade in China.
Hetian jade is mainly divided into: (1) white jade: white and blue in color, delicate, moist and slightly transparent, just like sheep fat, called sheep fat jade; It is white jade that is opaque and has poor luster. (2) Sapphire and sapphire: dark gray-green to blue-green, opaque; Blue white jade is a transitional type between blue jade and white jade, which is grayish green. (3) Jasper: dark green (spinach green) with rough texture. Jasper is not only produced in Xinjiang, but nephrite produced in Taiwan Province Province and abroad is collectively referred to as jasper in China jade craft circle. (4) Jet: It mainly contains dispersed carbon or graphite, showing gray-black or gray-black and white stripes. If it is all black, it is called jet. (5) Topaz: It is made of limonite infiltrated into white jade in surface water, and it is beige to yellow.
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Color classification
Hetian jade is divided into ruby, topaz, jet, white jade, sapphire, jasper and sugar jade by color.
Avoid collision with hard objects.
Although jade has high hardness, it is easy to crack after being hit. Sometimes, although cracks can't be seen by naked eyes, the molecular structure inside jadeite has been destroyed and dark cracks have appeared, which greatly damages its perfection and economic value.
Avoid dust as much as possible.
If there is dust on the jade surface, clean it with a soft brush; If dirt or oil stains are attached to the jade surface, it should be washed with mild soapy water first, and then washed with clear water. Do not use chemical degreasers. If the jade is exquisitely carved and not dusted for a long time, please clean and maintain it in professional factories and companies that produce jade.
Hetian jade is most taboo against collision.