2. Read the following classical Chinese and complete the following questions: 8. C9.B 10。 D 1 1。 (1) Luo Hengxin scolded them and said, "Do you accept the great kindness of the imperial court and dare to get cold feet? How can you die like the enemy? " (2) the adviser only knows how to accumulate grain, but he doesn't know that people are unstable. Even with food, who will defend with him? Analysis 8. Analysis of test questions: This question examines students' sentence-breaking ability.
"Every year from winter to spring/Farewell to Warra envoys/Start farming in March/Cut grass again in July/After August/Repair traffic jams/Plan to have a rest in the middle of the year", which means "Farewell to Warra envoys every year from winter to the following spring, start farming in March and cut again in July. We can grasp the proper term "Wala envoy", and then grasp the continuous actions of "going to the fields", "mowing the grass" and "repairing the blockade". Punctuation is as follows: Every year from winter to spring, I greet Ambassador Valla. I started farming in March, mowed the grass in July, and repaired traffic jams after August, so I didn't rest for the first year.
The location of the test center is different from modern Chinese in sentence pattern and usage. The ability level is understanding B.
When making the finishing touch of classical Chinese sentences, famous teachers should pay attention to the determination of phrase words, modal particles and predicates at the end of sentences. In general, there should be a pause before the word is pronounced and after the modal particles at the end of the sentence, and there should also be a pause between the coordinate components.
Analyze predicates. If the predicate is an adjective, you can pause after it. If it is a verb, you can pause after the object.
At the same time, we should pay attention to rhetorical devices such as structural symmetry, ellipsis, duality and repetition. Pay special attention to some key words, such as: Yue, Hu, Yu, Zhe, Ye, Yi, Yan, Er and Ze.
9. Test analysis: To answer such questions, we must memorize the main contents of literary masterpieces, distinguish the concept of literary common sense, and carefully examine the restrictive elements of modification in stems. Zen position: the king ceded the throne to a saint or abdicated.
Refers to the emperor who passed the throne to his descendants before his death. It was not the emperor who ascended the throne.
C. Ancient imperial examinations were divided into imperial examinations, provincial examinations, general examinations and palace examination in hierarchical order. D. "Yingzong" is the temple number, not the year number. Locate the test center and remember the common sense of literature.
The ability level is memorizing A. When preparing for the exam, we should accumulate literary common sense such as famous books, famous authors, times, countries, literary images, and theme of works.
To solve this problem, you need to read one by one and judge whether the relevant content is correct according to your accumulated knowledge; Pay attention to whether the related works in each sentence are consistent with the author and year. 10. Test analysis: This question examines students' understanding of the text.
Item C, "Although the Ministry of War disagreed, it accepted his opinion", is wrong; The Ministry of War did not adopt Luo Hengxin's suggestion. The statement in the article is that "the Ministry of War discussed it, but no sleeping is allowed", which means that "after the Ministry of War discussed it, this opinion was shelved and not implemented".
The location of the test center summarizes the main points of the content and the central meaning. The ability level is analytical synthesis C.
The title of the famous teacher's finishing touch is a summary of the article. The methods to solve this kind of problem are as follows: ① Grasp the stem of the problem and read correctly.
When reading the topic, you must read it completely and accurately, and don't skim it. The so-called complete reading refers to the analysis of all the requirements in the stem of the question without omission and truthfully; The so-called accurate reading is to accurately grasp the requirements put forward by the stem and see whether it is right or wrong, whether it is to summarize the content or analyze the point of view.
Only by comprehensive and accurate analysis and understanding of the question can we answer the question accurately. (2) Put back the original and check whether it is right or wrong.
Especially in the aspects of time, place, official position, characters' behavior, actual effect, etc., we should carefully check the words and phrases of the original text, fully understand and analyze them comprehensively. The difference between them is the key to grasp the full text. For specious, we should have the consciousness of explaining the text by using the topic.
For example, option c "accepted his suggestion" in this question is wrong, and the expression in the article is "the Ministry of War will discuss it, but sleeping is not allowed". 1 1. Test analysis: This question examines students' ability to translate classical Chinese sentences.
In the first sentence, "Jean" is translated as "strange", "Nabi" or "Bi", and "Death by law, death by enemy" or "Death by law, death by enemy". The second sentence "Dan" is translated into "only", "although" is translated into "even if" and "who and who" is translated into "and who".
The test center locates the sentences in the translated text. The ability level is understanding B.
Skills to solve this problem, we must first find proper nouns, that is, names, places, official positions and so on. Then see if there are any special sentence patterns. Finally, the key words of translation are determined, usually literal translation.
The basic translation methods of classical Chinese are substitution, word formation, reservation and ellipsis. Words with different meanings in ancient and modern times should be "replaced"; Words with roughly the same meaning in ancient and modern times are grouped; Special place names and names should be "reserved"; You can "omit" a synonym in ancient Chinese, and you can also "omit" some function words that are unnecessary or difficult to translate properly.
Reference: Luo Hengxin, a native of Dongguan. In the second year of Yongle, he was admitted to Jinshi and awarded engineering to Zhong Shi.
He was promoted to an official position, but was demoted to a petty official because of his participation. Nine years later, Injong acceded to the throne and was called into the DPRK as an imperial adviser.
In the third month after Emperor Yingzong ascended the throne, he was promoted to Youdu and trained in Pingliang and Xining. In the second year of orthodoxy, Gui Jiang asked Artest and Dole for help, and Luo Hengxin devoted himself to military affairs.
When they arrived in Yuhai, Gui Jiang and others returned at the rate of 10 day because of the failure to ask for salary. Luo Hengxin scolded them and said, "Do you accept the great kindness of the imperial court and dare to get cold feet? How can you die like the enemy? " Gui Jiang wouldn't listen.
Luo Hengxin wrote a letter about his stay in Gui Jiang. The emperor showed his throne to Shang Shujian Wang Ji and others.
The next year, we joined the army and smashed the enemy. Luo Hengxin was promoted to the first class with the contribution of the counselor.
After his father died, he went home to attend the funeral. He returned to the imperial court and was appointed Governor of Fu Xuan and Datong.
After ten years of orthodoxy, he was promoted to the right deputy capital, and the governor remained unchanged. At that time, the emperor sent officials to measure the military fields in two towns, all of which were taxed at five liters, 80 acres away.
Luo Hengxin said: "When Emperor Wendi was in power, he ordered the border guards to cultivate the land as much as possible without taxation. His Majesty reiterated this order. Why did you suddenly take this measure today? Armed with the army, guarding the frontier and working hard, there is no other livelihood but farming. Every year, from winter to the next spring, we welcome Ambassador Valla, start farming in March, and mow the grass again in July. After August, there is almost no leisure time in a year.
3. Zhu Yi, Yan Zi and Wu Jun Qiantang people also translated for reference: Zhu Yi, Zi Yanhe, Qiantang people in Wu Jun. His father Zhu Xun is famous for his loyalty and fortitude. He was the king of Jiangxia and Wupingling in the Southern Dynasties. When Zhu Yi was a few years old, grandpa looked at him and touched him happily. He said to Zhu Yi's grandfather Zhu, "This child is no ordinary material. I was worried by my fellow villagers that it would turn into a disaster. When I was older, I began to learn the Five Classics, especially Li Heyi. I dabble in literature and history and am good at all kinds of miscellaneous arts, such as gambling, chess, calligraphy and arithmetic. When I was twenty years old, I came to Beijing and asked Shen Yue to test him face to face, joking with yi zhu. Zhu Yi hesitated and didn't understand Shen Yue. Shen Yue said: "There are only a few literary chess books in the world. You (so greedy) took it all at once, which is not cheap.
4. Kou Xun surrendered to the classical Chinese reading answer Kou Xun surrendered to the original text, translation and reference answer for reference: Kou Xun Ziyi, a native of Shanggu Changping, is better than the world. Guangwu decided Hanoi in the south, and there were other elite soldiers who started the stove. According to Luoyang, they were unable to defend Guangwu and asked Deng Yu, "Who can defend Hanoi?" Yu said, "Xiao He was appointed by Emperor Gaozu of the Han Dynasty in Guanzhong, and it finally became a great cause. Now Hanoi has a solid river, a solid household registration, connected to the party in the north and Luoyang in the south. Kou Xun is well-equipped and has the talents of herders to govern the people. " He worshipped the governor of Hanoi as a general. In the second year of Jianwu, the Jia family of Emperor Wu of Jin Dynasty was in Runan, and the Ministry would kill people in Yingchuan. See today, be sure to use a sword! "I know his plan, but I don't want to see him. Gu Chong said, "If you worship the general, you will serve your country with your sword. The number of soldiers has changed, quite. " I said, "Otherwise, Lin Xiangru was not afraid of Qin's surrender to Lian Po, and it was also a country. Zhao, just a place, still has this meaning. Can I forget? "This is a county that holds offerings, stores wine mash and carries gold and Wu Jun into the border. One person is the enemy of both. It's a way of meeting people, called returning from illness. The Jia family wanted to chase it, and all the officials were drunk, so they went over. He sent Gu Chong to inquire, and the emperor was inquiring. Today, I want to divide it. " So I sat down with great joy. (High) You hugged Gao Ping, and General Geng Yan and others surrounded me. I didn't quit when I was one. 10 years later, the emperor proposed to send envoys to surrender it, meaning that "if you don't surrender, you will be attacked by five battalions including Geng Yan." He gave an imperial edict to his ancestors (ancestors), and if he didn't want it, he would cut it off. He sent his lieutenant back to the king and said, "The military adviser is rude and has been killed. If you want to surrender, you should surrender quickly; Stick to it if you don't want to do it. " You were frightened, so you opened the gate and went down the mountain that day. All the generals congratulated you and said, "What's the use of killing his messengers and descending his city?" "Said huang jittery, a stern heart, has taken his plan. Now, if he is unyielding in words, he will never lose his heart. Kill him, kill his courage, that is, lower your ears. "The generals said," It's beyond their power. " He learned from the star show and got a high official position, so he was generous to his friends. When a man belongs to his elders, he thinks he has a prime minister. He died in 12, and he was called Wei Hou. (Deng Kouchuan was abridged in the later Han Dynasty) 9. The words added in the following sentences are not correctly explained: (a) Forcing Luoyang in the south: Forcing B. There are five camps such as shepherds ruling Geng Yan. The group with the same meaning and usage as the words added in the following sentences is () A. It's a pity that young people in cities never change color, so just get on the bus and thank you. B it's a pity that gu chong didn't give the city to Zhao and Ye Zhao didn't give it to Qin bi. C. Qing is the forerunner of my behavior and my present society. The only thing that can make him enjoy it is that he has never forgotten his father's ambition. 1 1. In the following sentences, the group that reflects Kou Xun's wit and strategy is () (1) The military camp breaks the law, and the rate is relatively close. He knows his plan and doesn't want to meet. He is a country that provides materials, stores wine mash and holds gold. No, stick to it. "A.123b.145c.256d.3412. The following understanding and analysis of the relevant contents of this article are incorrect. () A. Because the enemy is powerful and Hanoi is important, Kou Xun is both civil and military, and Guangwudi appointed him as the satrap of Hanoi. B. Kou Xun has not intensified internal contradictions for the sake of national interests. I just don't want to see Jia Fu. C. Kou Xun killed Huang Fuwen because he made rude remarks and violated Kou Xun's dignity. D the contradiction between Kou Xun and Jiafu was finally resolved because Emperor Guangwu intervened. 13, translate the following sentence into modern Chinese. (10) (1), unable to keep the light weapon, asked Deng Yu, ". (4 points) Translation: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _. The hukou is very solid. (3 points) Translation: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (3 points) Translation: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _. It can be translated as "Ba". The first "nai" in item A means "unexpected" and the last "nai" means "therefore". The first "Wei" in item C is a preposition, which can be translated as "substitution", and the last "Wei" is a verb, which can be translated as "doing". It can be translated as "certain". 1 1, d "analysis" ① sentence shows his solemn character of law enforcement. The sentence shows his broad-minded virtue. 12, c "Analysis" Kou Xun killed Huang Fuwen not for his own benefit, but as a strategy to deter Jun Gao and make it fall early. I asked Deng Yu, "Who among the generals can be sent to guard Hanoi?" (2) Hanoi is surrounded by the Yellow River. As a solid defense line, it has a large population. (3) Now I want him to surrender, but I want to kill his messenger. I'm afraid not Kou Xun, Zi Yi, was born in Changping, Shanggu, and was a famous family from generation to generation. Emperor Guangwu pacified Hanoi in the south, while You Zhu, Fu and others started a new stove and heavily stationed in Luoyang. Guangwudi thought it was difficult to defend Hanoi and asked Deng Yu, "Who among the generals can be sent to Zhenning Hanoi?" Deng Yu said: "In those days, Emperor Gaozu appointed Xiao He to guard Guanzhong, which eventually made him emperor. Now Hanoi is surrounded by the Yellow River and has become a solid defense line.
5. Hao Han Bug classical Chinese original reading answer:
There is a bird called Hao Han Bug in Wutai Mountain. Four legs with fleshy wings. Its feces are trogopterori. In midsummer, the literary talent is gorgeous, so I said, "Phoenix is not as good as me!" " Compared with the deep winter, when it is cold, the feathers fall off and look like a wilted chicken, so he said to himself, "muddle along!" " (Yuan Tao Zong Yi's "Drop out of school to farm")
There is a bird named Hao Hanchong on Wutai Mountain. It has four feet and a pair of wings, but it can't fly Its excrement is the "five feces" used to remove blood stasis in ancient times. In the hot summer, it wears colorful sweaters and cries happily, "Phoenix can't compare with me!" " "In the cold season of deep winter, all the feathers fell off and looked like a chicken, so he cried to himself and said," If you can live, live like this. "
Moral: This fable warns people that those who don't know much are either blindly optimistic about themselves as instructors; When I hit a wall, I lacked confidence in myself and was blindly pessimistic.
6. Wang Classical Chinese reading answer translation for reference: Wang, the word Junyou, Kaifeng Xianping people.
Formerly known as Gong Shou, 19 years old won the first place in Jinshi, and Renzong gave him the name "Chen Gong". Ren Huaizhou sent a decree to go straight to Jixian Hospital to be the judge of salt and iron, repair beads and make patents.
In the first year of Li Qing (104 1), he was a bachelor of Hanlin. Liu, an emissary of the Khitan, once said to Jia Changchao, "What is the danger of the boundary river?" You can row it with a boat, and the soldier can fill it with a whip.
Or, dig up the river bank, make100000 bags filled with sand and put them upstream, and you can get through the road at any time. Injong and Chen Gong discussed this issue. He said, "There are always conspiracies in war.
As expected, the other party can do this and should not tell us. It must be bragging. Setting up obstacles to defend the country, the former king did so, and the ancestors also used dangerous terrain to resist the enemy. "
Soon, the Qidan sent Liu, demanding that the Song Dynasty cede ten counties in Guannan, and accused Taizong of cutting Yan unreasonably. The whole court doesn't know how to answer.
Chen Gong said: "When Wang Shi conquered Hedong, the Qidan had already communicated with us, but they attacked Shilingguan to support the anti-thieves in Hedong. Emperor Taizong was angry and returned to attack Qidan. How can you say it is unreasonable? " So he wrote back and said, "There was the battle of the Ten Mausoleums first, and then the battle of the Jade Gate."
After the Khitan received the reply, it was reconciled. Renzong happily said to the ministers: "If Chen Gong is not familiar with history, it is really difficult to answer."
Chen Gong also acted as the magistrate of Kaifeng Prefecture, and was appointed as an ancient adviser. When Xia Song became the special envoy of the Tang Dynasty, Chen Gong said: "When Xia Song presided over the western border affairs, he made no achievements and returned in vain.
How can he set an example for the world now that he is in charge of one of the two highest military and political institutions in this country? "So face to face with the emperor, fierce words. The emperor didn't figure it out, suddenly got up, and Chen Gong came forward to hold his skirts.
The emperor finally listened to his words, and Xia Song left. He also said: "What Teng Zongliang did in Gyeongju violated the law, but he was only demoted and transferred to Guo Shou. I'm afraid that border officials will be like him in the future.
Heavy penalties should be imposed. "The emperor didn't listen, just ask for leave to go home and ask for demotion.
So the emperor transferred Teng Zongliang to Yuezhou and ordered Chen Gong to continue to be in charge of the original work. When Chen Gong met with the emperor, the emperor said, "You staff officers, just give your own opinions. Don't think that the court didn't adopt one of your suggestions to suppress you, but easily left to seek fame and reputation. "
From now on, if you think you should say something, say it as much as possible and don't shy away. "Less monks deceive the people in the name of casting Buddha statues. Beijing residents are scrambling to put gold into smelting furnaces, and the harem also pays for him.
Chen Gong said, "The West has been sending troops to station for many years, but we spend money on places that should not be used, which will shake the morale of the army and cause public resentment." The emperor ordered the ban on this activity of the monks who lived less.
Entering the concert hall to entertain guests, Wang Yi got drunk and wrote a song of pride, suggesting that Su's subordinates and Liu report the matter. As a result, Sue and Wang were banished to a distant place, and everyone who got together was expelled to the local area.
The ministers in power at that time were Du Yan and Fan Zhongyan. They reformed the traditional rules and regulations, which made Chen Gong's friends feel uneasy. Shunqin and Yirou were both recommended and promoted by Fan Zhongyan, and Shunqin is Du Yan's son-in-law. Therefore, Chen Gong took this opportunity to overthrow these people. At that time, public opinion looked down on Chen Gong.
Later, I acted as an agent for three secretaries as a bachelor of Hanlin. Being wrongly elected to enrich the people, he became Zhengzhou and then moved to three countries: Iraq and Yinghe.
A few years later, he came back and became a bachelor. The emperor put Xuan Jing and yarrow in your parrot's house for divination, and said to Chen Gong, "I often study these.
Do you know this too? Chen Gong replied: "I hope your majesty will attach importance to the Confucian classics, supplemented by historical books that record the ups and downs of past dynasties. These miscellaneous books are not enough to learn. " In the third year (1056), he was appointed as the third secretary.
When I arrived in Khitan, I met with the Khitan Lord in Huntongjiang and had a feast. Every time Master Qidan catches a fish, he will pour wine for Chen Gong, personally play the pipa, and help him sober up.
He also said to his prime minister, "This is a young scholar in the Southern Dynasties. He has been in the Hanlin Academy for fifteen years, and I want to be very kind to him. " After his return, Zhao Yi, an imperial envoy, argued that his behavior was impolite. "If the Khitan emissary takes this as an example to ask us, how can we refuse?" Hunan Tongguan and Chenzhou Zhifu Renzhuan bought the jewelry of a dead businessman at a low price. They were arrested after the crime was exposed. Ye Zhao impeached all the jewels by bribing them to the harem.
When he was appointed as the ambassador of Xuanhui North Hospital, Zhao Yibian said: "The post of Xuanhui was originally for people with meritorious deeds. Only the former ruling minister and our ambassador can get this position. How can Chen Gong insult this position? " So let him know Yongxing Army as a bachelor of Duanming Temple, and he was in charge of Thailand, Dingzhou, Daming House in Henan, and the official ministers. After Zongshen acceded to the throne, Chen Gong should be transferred as a servant according to his qualifications. Ouyang Xiu thinks that Servant Shooter is the rank of prime minister, so he should not be ranked according to seniority, and only appointed him as the little prince.
In the first year of Xining (1068), he was recalled as an ambassador to the North Hospital. Wang Anshi, who got involved in politics, hated him for always being against himself and taking advantage of two prime ministers' affairs to drive him to take charge of Yingtianfu.
In eight years (1075), he went to North Korea to see the emperor and served as the envoy of Zhong Yi Palace. In the early years of Yuanfeng (1078), he was transferred to the South Courtyard and given a gold hoop.
Once again, it was named Wu' an Army. The Third Route Chief compiled the household registration of ordinary people, established the Baojia system, and recruited ordinary people for training every day. The ban is harsh and impatient, and ordinary people are often forced to be bandits.
County officials hide these situations and dare not report them. Chen Gong resolutely wrote a letter accusing it of its shortcomings: "Not only the material interests of ordinary people have been greatly damaged, but also their farming time has been delayed. This is forcing them to commit crimes by law.
Signs that they have gradually evolved into thieves can already be seen. Even if we can't abolish all these methods, we should spare the poorest and most incapable people from suffering and ease the situation. "
The authorities accused Chen Gong of boycotting the new law, and Chen Gong replied: "This is the old minister's loyalty to the country." Keep playing.
The emperor changed his mind, so the fifth-class households were exempted. Zhezong acceded to the throne, moved Zhang Dejie, and sealed the school for the Taishi.
He died this year at the age of 74. Posthumous title, Third Secretary of Kaifu Instrument, posthumous title.