2020 Junior Economists' Economic Basis Frequently Exam Knowledge Point: Turnover Tax
(A) the main characteristics of turnover tax
Turnover tax, also known as commodity tax, refers to all taxes levied on commodity circulation and non-commodity circulation. Turnover tax is the main tax in China.
Characteristics of turnover tax:
(1) The levy is universal. Taxation on the turnover of commodities and non-commodities is the most common tax.
(2) Take the turnover or transaction amount of goods and services as the tax basis.
(3) Except for a few taxes or tax items, which are subject to a fixed tax rate, turnover tax is generally subject to a proportional tax rate. The calculation is simple and easy to collect and manage.
The types of commodity taxes in China's current tax system: value-added tax, consumption tax, business tax, etc.
(2) VAT
Value-added tax is a tax levied on the value-added amount of units and individuals who sell goods or provide processing, repair and replacement services and import goods in China.
Example: The sales of an enterprise in this period is 6,543,800 yuan, and the value of goods and services purchased in this period is 600,000 yuan. Assuming that the VAT rate is 654.38+07%, calculate the VAT payable by the enterprise.
Theoretically, the added value =100-60 = 400,000 yuan; Taxable amount = 40×17% = 68,000 yuan.
In practice, the tax payable = (100-60 )×17% =100×17%-60×17% = 68,000 yuan.
100× 17%- output tax; 60× 17%- input tax.
The calculation of general taxpayer's value-added tax is based on the two concepts of output tax and input tax, and is calculated by tax deduction.
Basic formula: tax payable = output tax-input tax.
Taxable amount = sales amount * tax rate-input tax amount
Therefore, value-added tax is a commodity tax calculated according to the sales of goods or taxable services and the amount of imported goods, and a tax deduction system is implemented.
Value-added tax is the largest tax in China.
1. VAT Type (Primary)
① Consumption VAT
That is, the tax included in the purchase of fixed assets is allowed to be deducted.
② Value-added tax based on income
That is, the tax included in the depreciation of fixed assets is allowed to be deducted.
③ Productive value-added tax
That is, it is not allowed to deduct taxes contained in fixed assets.
On June 5438+1 October1in 2009, China changed the production value-added tax into the consumption value-added tax.
2. Scope of taxation and taxpayers
Selling or importing goods and providing processing, repair and replacement services.
In order to strictly manage the collection of VAT, China divides VAT taxpayers into general taxpayers and small-scale taxpayers.
3. Tax rate and collection rate (main)
Adopt the mode of basic tax rate plus low tax rate. Basic tax rate 17%, low tax rate13%-grain, edible vegetable oil, feed, chemical fertilizer, pesticide, etc.
For small-scale taxpayers, the levy rate is 3%.
4. Tax Calculation Method (Primary)
① General taxpayer: tax deduction is adopted. The calculation formula is:
Taxable amount = current output tax-current input tax
Output tax = sales × applicable tax rate.
Example: The sales of an enterprise this month is 40 million yuan, and the input tax is1.2000 yuan. The value-added tax payable by the enterprise this month is 4000×17%-120 = 680-120 = 5.6 million yuan.
② Small-scale taxpayers:
Taxable amount = sales × collection rate
③ For imported goods.
Taxable amount = component taxable amount × tax rate
(3) Consumption tax
Consumption tax is a tax levied on specific consumer goods and consumption behaviors. China began to collect it from 1994.
1. Tax scope and taxpayers
Taxpayer: Units and individuals that produce, commission and import taxable consumer goods in China.
2. Tax items and tax rates
(1) tax item
Consumption tax adopts the method of listing tax items by product.
Alcohol, tobacco, cosmetics, precious jewels and jade, firecrackers and fireworks, refined oil, automobile tires, motorcycles, automobiles, golf balls and equipment, high-end watches, yachts, wooden disposable chopsticks, solid wood floors *** 14 consumer goods.
(2) Tax rate
There are two kinds of tax rates: proportional tax rate and fixed tax rate.
Fixed tax rate: refined oil, beer and yellow wine.
Compound tax: cigarettes and alcohol.
3. Tax calculation method
Ad valorem tax rate, specific quantity quota, compound taxation