The materials used in construction are collectively called building materials, so what are the common building materials? Let's have a look!

wood

Wood generally refers to wood materials used in industrial and civil buildings, usually cork and hardwood. The wood used in the project is mainly taken from the trunk of trees. Wood has been a major building material since ancient times because it is easy to obtain and process.

According to the classification of tree species, wood is generally divided into coniferous wood and broad-leaved wood.

Preservative wood is a kind of wood that has the function of preventing the invasion of decaying bacteria and organisms after being infiltrated and solidified by preservatives. kind

Wood can be divided into coniferous wood and broad-leaved wood. Chinese fir and all kinds of pine, spruce and fir are coniferous trees; Oak, ash, camphor, sassafras, birch, nanmu and poplar are broad-leaved trees. There are many kinds of trees in China, so the types of wood commonly used in projects in different regions are different. There are mainly Korean pine, larch, spruce, Korean spruce and Fraxinus mandshurica in Northeast China. There are mainly Chinese fir and Pinus massoniana in the Yangtze River basin; There are mainly fir, spruce and hemlock in the southwest and northwest regions.

plate material

Plate products are flat in shape, with large width-thickness ratio and large surface area per unit volume, which brings its characteristics in use: (1) large surface area, so it has strong covering ability and is widely used in chemical industry, containers, buildings, metal products, metal structures and so on; (2) It can be cut, bent, stamped and welded at will to make various products and components, which is flexible and convenient to use and plays an extremely important role in automobile, aviation, shipbuilding and tractor manufacturing. (3) Structural members such as section steel, steel pipe, I-beam and channel steel that can be bent and welded into various complex sections are called "universal steel".

stone material

As a high-grade building decoration material, stone is widely used in indoor and outdoor decoration design, curtain wall decoration and public facilities construction. At present, the common stones in the market are mainly divided into natural stones, artificial stones and marble.

Natural stone can be divided into slate and granite according to its physical and chemical characteristics. Artificial stone is divided into terrazzo and synthetic stone according to technology. Terrazzo is forged from cement, concrete and other raw materials; Artificial stone is made from crushed stone of natural stone, added with adhesive, pressed and polished. The latter two are artificially made, so the strength is not as high as that of natural stone. Stone is a high-grade product of building decoration materials. Natural stone can be roughly divided into granite, slate, sandstone, limestone, volcanic rock and so on. With the continuous development and progress of science and technology, artificial stone products are also changing with each passing day, and the quality and beauty are no less than natural stone. With the development of architectural design, stone has become one of the important raw materials for building, decoration and road and bridge construction.

Pottery porcelain

2 1 century, our interest in pottery or clay products seems to have decreased. But for archaeologists, the existence of ceramic products is the basic index to judge the degree of social progress. In a society without pottery, people have many ways to store food and water, but their agricultural level is still in the primitive stage until they learn to use clay.

Clay has strong plasticity and hardness after drying. When baked at a high enough temperature, the chemical properties and structure of clay are completely changed, making it waterproof and undeformed in any environment. In the earliest great civilizations, Mesopotamia, China and India all prospered because they could make colored tiles, porcelain statues and porcelain jewelry. Clay mixed with other minerals also produces other beautiful colors-glaze.

Interestingly, although ceramics is an ancient material, many instruments used in the laboratory now are made of ceramics, such as high-temperature superconductors.

wallpaper

Wallpaper, also known as wallpaper, is a kind of interior decoration material for sticking walls, which is widely used in the interior decoration of houses, offices, hotels and restaurants. Materials are not limited to paper, but also include other materials.

Ambiguity: wallpaper is easily confused with desktop wallpaper, which is a picture set on the computer desktop.

Because of its incomparable characteristics such as diverse colors, rich patterns, luxurious style, safety and environmental protection, convenient construction and reasonable price, it has been widely used in developed countries and regions such as Europe, America and Japan.

Wallpapers are divided into many categories, such as coated wallpaper, coated wallpaper, embossed wallpaper and so on. Usually, bleached chemical wood pulp is used to produce base paper, and then it is processed by different processes such as coating, printing, embossing or surface plastic coating, and finally it is cut and packaged before leaving the factory. It has certain strength and toughness, beautiful appearance and good water resistance.

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