In the Twenty-third Year of Zuo Zhuan Gong, it is recorded that when Jin Wengong was not a monarch, he wandered and fled outside and was saved by the king of Chu. The king of Chu asked Zhong Er how to repay him in the future. Zhong Er said that if there is a war between Jin and Chu, the Jin army must first "stay out of it" in return. In ancient times, 30 miles was used as a house, and 90 miles was retired when three houses were retired. Later, Zhong Er became the monarch of the State of Jin. On one occasion, Chu led the allied forces to attack the Song State in the Central Plains. In order to dominate the Central Plains and become an ally, Jin Wengong sent troops to save the Song State, thus gaining the status of protector of the vassal States of the Central Plains. When the Jin army met the Chu army, Jin Wengong let the commander Xian Zhen stay out of it to show that he had fulfilled his previous promise, thus avoiding Jin Wengong's reputation of ingratitude, taking the initiative in public opinion and psychology, and winning the sympathy of the governors. The soldiers also felt justified, saluting before fighting, and their morale increased greatly. In fact, the 90-mile retreat just happened to retreat to Chengpu, where the terrain is very conducive to 8 Jin Army operations. Jin and Chu fought in Chengpu, and Jin won a great victory. This is a very famous battle between Chengpu and Chengdu in history, and it is a typical example of courtesy before soldiers.
Zhao Kuangyin vs. Li Yu
At the end of Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, Zhao Kuangyin Chen Qiao mutinied, won the northern regime and proclaimed himself emperor. He was shrewd in running the army and the country, and he had the strength to destroy the southern Tang Dynasty and unify China. Li Yu, the ruler in the late Southern Tang Dynasty, was a rare literary genius. Zhao Kuangyin decided to take Li Yu as the first enemy. He sent messengers to see Li Yu again and again to explain the situation to him, unify the inevitable trend of China, express his affirmation of Li Yu's talent and treat him sincerely, and advise Li Yu to give up his land and not to move his sword. Zhao Kuangyin has specially prepared a large mansion for Li Yu in Beijing, ready to let Li Yu live after the peaceful reunification of China, and ready to make Li Yu king. But Li Yu himself is not good at politics and military affairs, and he is indecisive. Every time Zhao Kuangyin comes, he wants to agree. However, some courtiers said that the country of ancestral home could not give up, and Qiang Bing should reject the enemy. However, no general can lead troops.
In this indecision, Zhao Kuangyin waited patiently for Li Yu 10 for many years, until the rest of China was completely unified, and finally had to send troops to attack Jiangnan. However, at the same time of sending troops, Zhao Kuangyin also sent ministers to inform Li Yu and Xiao Ming about the overall situation and told him that it was not too late. Li Yu is still hesitating. So Song Bing entered Nantang, the capital of Nantang. At this point, Zhao Kuangyin still sent generals to Nantang Palace to protect Li Yu and let him take all the money and jewels in the palace and move the capital to Song Dynasty.
The story of enemy before enemy is rarely publicized in China. Only experts who study the history of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms are familiar with it. It can be said that Zhao Kuangyin is the enemy of Li Yu. Unprecedented, intended to talk beautifully.
Zhou Enlai's ceremony is put on the outside, but its power is in the middle.
On April 24th, 1963, Zhou Enlai and Ali Sabry, Chairman of the Executive Committee of Egyptian Ministers, talked about some principles of the China people in handling foreign affairs, which clearly reflected Zhou Enlai's diplomatic style of "giving courtesy to the outside, being strong at home and being dry at home" and China people's unique comity spirit in the new era. These ideas can be summarized as four points:
(1) "Wait, don't impose your opinions on others. When the two sides argue, it is easy to do bad things by imposing them on others. The best way is to wait for the other party to realize. " Under the guidance of this principle, Zhou Enlai has always emphasized the theory that "revolution is not imported from the outside", pointing out that China's revolution was not imported from the outside, and China did not export revolution to the outside world. Revolutions in all countries will only happen when people in all countries think it is necessary. The victory of the revolution can only be achieved by revolutionaries of all countries combining the universal truth of Marxism-Leninism with the concrete practice of their own revolution, and no one else can replace it.
(2) "Never shoot the first shot. People can be bad to me first, and we will never be bad to others first. " As early as April 1952, Zhou Enlai clearly pointed out: We always adopt the method of first strike and then attack, you strike first, then I strike. I'm not afraid it will start first. In fact, I was passive from the beginning.
(3) "There is an old saying in China,' All come to the net'. You bully me when you are not good to me, forcing me to be ready to fight back, otherwise we may be considered weak. " It is in this spirit that Zhou Enlai forced the United States to recognize the people of China.
(4) "Stay out of it", that is to say, when you come, I will go first and give you a warning. One more time, one more time, one more warning, but just three things. In return, in order to give each other time to think. At this time, there are two possibilities: one is that people with foresight will consider it, which is not weak and should be cautious; Another kind of person may regard me as a bully and push me into a corner, so I will fight back. "For example, the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea. 1October 24th, 1950, 10, Zhou Enlai analyzed his "retreat" to the Korean war and finally "had to fight back". He said: "A month ago, before the US military landed in Incheon, we considered whether the US imperialists would stop after hitting the 38th parallel and then turn to diplomatic negotiations. After the enemy occupied Seoul, Nehru told us that the meeting of foreign ministers of the three countries had said that the 38th parallel should be submitted to the United Nations for decision. But the message we got was that they wanted to stabilize China, cross the 38th parallel and engage in China. We caught the scam, so we stated on September 30th that we can't turn a blind eye to the US imperialist aggression against Korea. On June 5438+1 October1and 2, the news was that the US army had crossed the 38th parallel and the South Korean army was far north of the 38th parallel. We pointed out to the Indian ambassador to China that the above situation was different from what Nehru said, and we could not ignore the North Korean issue. Soon Nehru told us that it would stop when we crossed the 38th parallel to 40 miles east of the Yalu River. At that time, the enemy had entered Pyongyang. At present, the enemy is advancing northward from Pyongyang. This is obviously the second time to deceive us. If this continues, if we sit idly by, the enemy will certainly move on and be aggressive until the Yalu River, and then make the second step. " "So we want to manage. "
United Nations sanctions against Iraq
1990 After Iraq annexed Kuwait by armed forces, the United Nations also adopted an enemy-oriented strategy. First, the United Nations has made several resolutions urging Iraqi troops to voluntarily withdraw from Kuwait. At the same time, American Secretary of State Baker, European and African heads of state and diplomats, and Middle East heads of state conducted frequent diplomatic activities to strive for Iraq's automatic withdrawal without force. When all the gifts were exhausted and Iraq still did not withdraw its troops, the United Nations decided to drive Iraqi troops out of Kuwait by force. At the same time, Iraq is given an automatic withdrawal deadline: 199 1 year 1 month15th. This is still an enemy-oriented strategy. Iraq will not voluntarily withdraw its troops before June+10/October 15, 65438, so Iraq will become completely isolated in front of world public opinion. At this time, in order to safeguard the sovereignty of all countries, the United Nations sent multinational forces to promote the teachers of justice and maintain world peace and order. With the help of many parties, the multinational forces completely achieved the situation of winning the war. A great war won a great victory in just a few days, which not only drove the Iraqi army out of Kuwait, but also forced Iraq to accept war reparations.
Chongqing talks
Mao Zedong bravely went to Chongqing to negotiate. The negotiation lasted for 43 days, and the Minutes of the Meeting of Representatives of China * * * * was signed on June 1945 10. Shortly thereafter, Chiang Kai-shek tore up the agreement and launched a military attack on the liberated areas. This time, Mao Zedong's negotiations in Chongqing broke the accusation that Chiang Kai-shek tried to impose peace on the * * * production party. For the * * * production party, this is playing along. After Chiang Kai-shek tore up the agreement and launched the civil war, public opinion was favorable to the producers. Therefore, after a period of defense, the * * * production party turned to attack the Kuomintang, thus liberating all China, which was also the victory of the * * * production party's plan to attack the enemy first.
Only after the enemy/opponent attacks can we gain an advantage through the attack.
According to Sun Tzu's Art of War, attack first, then attack second. In general, this is a clever plan. But in some specific cases, it is more active and beneficial to attack first and then defend.
In Dog's Disease, Lin said: "The latecomers come from the top. This is also the key to using soldiers. "
The latecomers lie in winning the name of war justice, public opinion, sympathy and more help. The story of Zheng Zhuanggong's crusade against his younger brother Duan Shu has been told in the previous "first take" plan, and it is also a plan to take the enemy first. Because uncle * * * usurped the throne, the plot was exposed to the world, and the crusade against uncle * * * won the hearts of the people, so that it would not be said that no one broke up with him and the brothers killed each other.
Later, it was also to expose the enemy's weaknesses. As described in "The Water Margin", at Chai Jin's home, Hong and Lin Chong competed. Hong waved Hua Gun very loudly and shouted several times: Come! Come on! Come on! Lin chong takes a step back first and takes defense as the attack. Soon he saw Hong's flaw and knocked him to the ground.
Mao Zedong's "Strategic Issues of Revolutionary War in China" tells many examples of ancient wars: "The famous wars, such as the Chu-Han War, the Kunyang War in the New Han Dynasty, the Guandu War in Cao Yuan, the Battle of Red Cliffs War in Wu Wei, the Yiling War in Wu Shu and the Guandu War in Qin Jin, are all weak and weak, and the weak made the first step and then took the initiative, so they all failed." The donkey in Guizhou has run out of skills. Tang Zongyuan said in the article "Donkeys in Guizhou" that "there are no donkeys in Guizhou, but those who are kind are put on the boat" and "put them at the foot of the mountain". When the tiger saw it, he thought it was a monster and a god, hiding in the forest. " "when the donkey barks, the tiger is terrible ... thinking and eating, I am afraid. However, if you look at it from time to time, you will feel no difference. " "A little closer is good for you." "The donkey will be furious, and the tiger will be happy because of its hooves. The plan says,' Block this ear!' "He went because he jumped, broke his throat and tried his best."
The winner here, the tiger in Guizhou, is the schemer who starts first and then the enemy. At any time, when you still lack understanding of your opponent, don't take the initiative. Donkeys prematurely expose their limited strengths, strengths and weaknesses, resulting in a passive state in which the enemy knows I don't know the enemy.
Teach first and punish later.
For those who make mistakes in subordinates or the public, a wise boss adopts the strategy of educating first, repeatedly teaching and then punishing. This is also an extension of the first ceremony before the soldiers.
Ma Chao is a famous soldier in the Three Kingdoms and cherished by Liu Bei, so Ma Chao doesn't pay attention to the ceremony of the monarch and the minister, which makes Guan Yu and Zhang Fei very angry and wants to kill Ma Chao. Liu Bei stopped them and decided to salute first, teach first and then punish. One day, Liu Bei called ministers in an orderly way. Guan Yu and Zhang Fei were on both sides of Liu Bei, imposing and motionless. Ma Chao came in and saw this scene and immediately felt the majesty of Liu Bei. From then on, he behaved himself. Since Ma Chao has changed, there is no need to punish him. In this way, it is wise not only to gain prestige, but also to unite and transform people. It is a common strategy to mediate economic contract disputes or other disputes before litigation, and then take mediation first, and then go to court if mediation fails. Disputes are inevitable, but it is sometimes not worth the loss to fight this lawsuit easily. Therefore, wise people will adopt the strategy of "courtesy before soldiers" and try to settle disputes privately. It is better for the enemy to settle disputes than to settle them. The two sides weigh it down, make a little concession and turn the enemy into a friend, which will save labor and money, which is much easier than fighting with a real knife.
In divorce cases, it has become a desirable way for both parties to mediate the divorce agreement by themselves. If self-mediation fails, relatives, friends, organizations, neighborhood committees and courts will come forward to mediate and strive for a peaceful settlement so that both sides will not suffer great psychological and property losses. If one side makes a scene, fights and stinks the other side, it will inevitably lead to retaliation from the other side, and eventually both sides will lose.
cheat
Rob and plunder are two steps. This idiom comes from Shi's "Er Yun": "Stealing ancient times". It's about cheating or taking it at will. Used for stratagem, taking advantage is a bit like giving gifts first and then making soldiers.
Clever acquisition is superficial courtesy and deception; Robbery is rude robbery. If you combine them, take them cleverly first and then take them away. Like the story of the fox and the crow. The crow stood proudly on the branch with a piece of meat in its mouth. The fox stood under the tree and praised the crow for singing. That's great. When crows hear flattery, they get carried away and sing with their mouths open. The meat fell from his mouth and was picked up by the fox. This is a polite deception.
In the story of the king of Chu stealing his wife, the king of Chu first used an ingenious method of asking his wife to propose a toast, and the ceremony followed by the soldiers. If it can't be a coincidence, then you can hold a banquet at Hongmen to arrest the monarch of the interest country and exchange his life and death for Mrs. Interest. This is blackmail after you can't accidentally take it away. The traffic police salute first, and then fine the car accident perpetrators or drivers who violate the rules. For example, after running a red light and being stopped by traffic warnings such as one-way retrograde, he felt nervous and worried. According to psychologists, traffic police should not criticize and punish directly when they meet, but should stand at attention first, salute the perpetrators, ease each other's spirit, and make the other side eliminate resistance, and then calmly take facts as the basis, law as the criterion, and punish according to regulations. Generally, the perpetrators are more acceptable, and there will be no controversy or even trouble about the punishment. This is the special effect that traffic police usually treat the enemy first.