Because Christianity despised luxury, the clothes of the lower classes in the Middle Ages were simple and simple. Even women don't dress up. In addition, they also donated gold, silver and jewels to the church.
Common clothes are mainly fat long coats and sleeveless coats with plain colors. We can see from the paintings and sculptures in the Middle Ages that the figures are cold and inflexible, and the colors of robes are extremely single, and the colors are still black, gray and white.
Denmark launched its last successful invasion of England in 1066. Later, Duke William of Normandy defeated the British in the Battle of Hastings, and Normans from France and others came to settle on the island.
In the following three centuries, French and European culture represented by France, as well as legal structure, had a far-reaching impact on Britain. In the early Middle Ages, clothes were simple, and the clothes of civilians and nobles were the same.
In the 8th and 9th centuries, men's wear had underwear outerwear, which was quite similar to China's ancient robes, but it was tight. Pants are long enough to fit the feet, with short crotch and a belt under the navel.
Long or short socks are worn on feet, and sometimes strips of cloth are wrapped from feet to legs. Men's wear in this period now looks quite coquettish, revealing men's slender legs and obvious muscles.
Nobles and upper-class people wear a rectangular or round cloak on their coats, which is fixed on one shoulder or tied to their chests. Nobles have wide ribbons around their waists to tighten their clothes and wear swords, while civilians are not allowed to wear swords; Linen and wool are the main materials.
Oriental silk is expensive, priced with the same amount of gold, and only a few nobles can wear it. There is a legend in England. After the collapse of the Roman Empire, he led the Knights of the Round Table to unify the British Isles and was honored as King Arthur by later generations. There is a book about him called Death of King Arthur, which describes that his clothes should belong to the style of medieval aristocrats.
Of course, we can also get a glimpse of the dress styles of medieval English nobles and warriors from the film King Arthur. They wear fine linen, wool cloaks made in Italy, and expensive furs such as mink in winter; Civilians only wear coarse cloth and coarse wool fabrics.
10 century British men's tights, the upper part is close-fitting, and the lower part is a knee-length dress, which is loose and elastic. Tights are pullovers.
Put on your cloak and pin it to your chest with a big pin. At this time, women's clothes were wide, their sleeves were long and fat, their hair was covered with shawls and their bodies were covered with cloaks.
Their underwear is very long, straight to the ground, and their coats are also dragged to their knees. Round sleeves and gorgeous clothes are very influenced by Byzantium.
Their hair was covered with a veil, and its end was heavier than their back and was dragged directly to the ground. In the 12 century, loose clothes became thin and narrow, which made the body curve stand out.
/kloc-In the middle of 0/2nd century, the English Plantagenet dynasty occupied a large territory in France, and then the French king gradually recovered some land occupied by Britain and Wang Zhanling. The two sides also compete for the rich Flemish region. Flanders wool owners rely on British raw materials, and Britain gains huge profits from wool trade. During this period, the British textile industry developed rapidly.
/kloc-in the 0/3rd century, men's and women's clothing tends to be consistent. Men's wear also includes tights and various coats, round cake headdresses, hat-shaped decorative sleeves and chest shawls. There are stockings and boots and shoes below.
This man is wearing a small Central Asian hat. At this time, protective coats are popular and suitable for travel. This kind of coat is a big shawl, with an open chest and a seam beside it, so that the arms can stretch out and move.
In addition, closed vest coats were popular in this period. The upper body is like a vest, and the lower body can reach the knees. This sleeveless gown, with shoulders extending to both sides, becomes a hat-shaped decorative sleeve. In the13rd century, the length of laborers' robes varied.
Men's jackets are knee-length, short-sleeved, with heels under their feet, and there are round holes in the heels of trousers, which are convenient to put on and take off. Wear a big linen pants in summer, upper body, short coat and sleeveless pullover in winter.
Women wear robes with seams in the middle, which can facilitate labor. When harvesting, the skirt pocket can hold crops. At that time, farmers were forbidden to wear good materials and colorful clothes. In the film "The Story of Canterbury" filmed by pasolini, we can see the dress styles of 13 and 14 century British ordinary people.
13rd century to15th century was the famous "Hundred Years' War" between Britain and France in history. After many civil wars, a unified monarchy was formed at the end of15th century. Breddo wrote in The Wedding Bed: "Knights below the rank of Lord or any ordinary people are not allowed to use and wear any big dresses, jackets or cloaks.
But the clothes must be long enough: when he stands upright, the clothes can cover his hips. Lords or any higher nobility are not subject to this restriction. "
It can be seen that the strict hierarchical system in medieval England influenced clothing. Shirt, the shoulders extend to both sides and lengthen, which becomes a hat-shaped decorative sleeve.
In the13rd century, the length of laborers' robes varied. Men's jackets are knee-length, short-sleeved, with heels under their feet, and there are round holes in the heels of trousers, which are convenient to put on and take off.
Wear a big linen pants in summer, upper body, short coat and sleeveless pullover in winter. Women wear robes with seams in the middle, which can facilitate labor. When harvesting, the skirt pocket can hold crops.
At that time, farmers were forbidden to wear good materials and colorful clothes. In the film "The Story of Canterbury" filmed by pasolini, we can see the dress styles of 13 and 14 century British ordinary people. 13rd century to15th century was the famous "Hundred Years' War" between Britain and France in history. After many civil wars, a unified monarchy was formed at the end of15th century.
Breddo wrote in The Wedding Bed: "Knights below the rank of Lord or any ordinary people are not allowed to use and wear any big dresses, jackets or cloaks. But the clothes must be long enough: when he stands upright, the clothes can cover his hips.
Lords or any higher nobility are not subject to this restriction. "It can be seen that the strict hierarchy in medieval England influenced clothing.
2.( 10/0) The following is a passage by Thomas, a British historian: "The people of China carried out a fierce anti-smoking movement, which aggravated the crisis and led to war. This view is wrong. (2 points)
China people's smoking ban is only the direct cause of the outbreak of war, and it is only an accident; (2 points) Britain, as a capitalist country, is in urgent need of overseas markets and colonies, while China's feudal Qing dynasty closed its doors and went into decline because it was inevitable to wage war in the north, which was the root cause of the war. (4) Even if there is no anti-smoking campaign, Britain will find other excuses to wage war. Mars attributed the responsibility of the Opium War to the people's ban on smoking in China? The purpose is to justify British aggression. (2 points)
Use SOLO assessment. This question can be graded according to the following five levels:
Level 1: 2 points will be given to those who sum up their opinions and make correct judgments.
The second level: summarize opinions and make correct judgments; And provided specious reasons, giving 4 points.
The third level: summarize opinions and make correct judgments; And provide more than two specious reasons, give 6 points.
The fourth level: summarize opinions and make correct judgments; Provide more than two reasonable reasons; Or it can be integrated.
Those who state these reasons will get 8 points.
The fifth level: summarize opinions and make correct judgments; And provide more than two specious reasons, and can reasonably analyze the problem from the level of necessity and accident or direct cause and root cause theory, and draw a correct conclusion, giving 10.
leave out
3. The four most famous international fashion weeks in London are held in spring and summer (early September, 65438+ 10) and autumn and winter (February and March) respectively. Every year, Fashion Week is an opportunity for all fashion lovers to feast their eyes.
Every fashion week has its own fashion style: New York Fashion Week-leisure sports; London Fashion Week-avant-garde; Milan Fashion Week-Fashion; Paris Fashion Week-the world of haute couture. At first, Fashion Week was only open to customers and manufacturers, but now it has developed into a charming fashion show and media activity, and many celebrities are attracted to its runway.
New York Fashion Week is the oldest. Initiated by fashion critic Elenor Lamber, 1943 was successfully held for the first time. The original intention of Elenor Lamber, the founder, to hold such a fashion week was to give designers in new york a stage to display their works and divert the fashion focus that was generally focused on Paris at that time. The youngest of the four major fashion weeks is Renton Fashion Week.
The fashion show of the four major fashion weeks is to release the next season's fashion in advance, so that their customers can book it in advance and have it before the public sale begins. At the same time, this is also to leave time for fashion magazines and let fashion editors carry out crazy publicity activities for next season's must-have items.
There are almost no fewer activities in every fashion week 100, including fashion shows, charity activities, celebration banquets and accessories display. The works of big-name designers will be displayed on the main event day of Fashion Week, and a large number of small brands will hold brand fashion conferences around this time.
"Fashion Week" not only guides the fashion trends of the season, but also guides the fashion trends of accessories: shoes, bags, accessories, hats and makeup.