Keiko said, "Live in harmony (2), the eldest son is old (3), it's enough not to cry, and it's good to play drums and sing!" Zhuangzi said, "Otherwise. Is the beginning and end of it, I can't be alone (4)! There is no life at the beginning of the trial, no life and invisibility for non-disciples, and intangible and lifeless for non-disciples (5).
Miscellaneous between awn and fluorene, it turns into gas, gasifies into shape, it turns into life, and now it turns into death, just like spring, summer, autumn and winter. People are sleeping in the giant room (6), but I cry with them (7), thinking that I can't live any longer (8), so I stop. "
Zhuangzi's wife died, Keiko went to offer condolences, but Zhuangzi sat with his legs crossed like a dustpan, banging on the tile while singing. Keiko said, "You have lived with your dead wife all your life and have children until you die of old age. It is not an exaggeration to cry when you are dead, and it is not an exaggeration to sing after knocking on the tile! " Zhuangzi said, "That's not right.
How can I not be sad when this man died? But after careful investigation, she was never born at first, not only never born but also never had a body, not only never had a body but never formed vitality. Mixed in a trance, it changes into vitality, vitality changes into shape, shape changes into life, and now it changes into death, just like running in spring, summer, autumn and winter.
The dead will rest in peace between heaven and earth, but I sobbed beside her, thinking that I could not understand my fate, so I stopped crying. "When Zhuangzi was in mourning, he passed by Keiko's tomb. Gu said that the follower said," The chalk of Ying people soothes his nose (1), and if he flies, he will make the craftsman stone (2).
A craftsman's luck makes the wind (3), and if he listens, he will lose (4). If you try your best, your nose won't be hurt. If you stand up straight, you won't lose your ability (5). When Song heard about this, he called the craftsman Shi and said, "Do it for me." .
The craftsman said,' I can taste it. Although, the quality of the minister died for a long time (6).
I have no idea since my master (7) died! I have nothing to say. Zhuangzi's funeral, after Keiko's cemetery, turned to his entourage and said, "There was a man in the field who put a layer of chalk on his nose. The chalk was as big as the wings of mosquitoes and flies, and asked the craftsman to cut off this small white spot with an axe.
The stonemason waved an axe and accidentally cut off the white spots. The white mud on the tip of his nose was completely removed, but his nose was not injured at all. The people who stood there as if nothing had happened did not lose their normal state. When Song learned about this, he called the craftsman and said, "Give me a try on this." .
The craftsman said, "I can cut off the small white spots on my nose." Even so, my worthy partner has been dead for a long time. "
Since Keiko died, I have no rivals! I have no one to argue with! "The original Zhuang has traveled all over the mystery of Diaoling (1).
2. Seek the classical Chinese of several stories of Zhuangzi.
Zhuangzi.
This article is selected from the foreign objects in Zhuangzi's Essays, all of which are works of Zhuangzi's later research. Dry, dry rut, rut. Carp, crucian carp. Crucian carp in a dry rut is a metaphor for people in dire need of help.
Zhuang Zhou's family was poor, so he borrowed millet from Jianhe Hou. Hou Jianhe said: "Promise! I will get a pound of gold, and I will lend you three hundred dollars, but what? " Zhuang Zhou said angrily, "Last week, there was a call from the Middle Road. Zhou Gu sees ruts, and there are still fish in them. Zhou asked,' What is the fish when it comes?' He said to me:' I am the Minister of the East China Sea. "Do you have water to rise and live with me?" Zhou Yue: "Promise me! Can I swim south to King Wu Yue and arouse the water of Xijiang River to meet my son? "The fish said angrily,' I lost my usual relationship, and I have no place. I have to put up with rising water. That's what you said. You might as well let me stay where the dead fish are! ”"
The Dream of Butterfly
Zhuangzi? The theory of everything: "The dream of Qianzhuang Zhou is a butterfly, vivid and self-explanatory! I don't know, Zhou Ye. If you suddenly feel it, you will suddenly feel it. I wonder if Zhou's dream is a butterfly and Zhou's dream is a butterfly and? Zhou and butterfly, there must be points. This is called materialization. "
Indulge in mountains and rivers
"Autumn Waters in Zhuangzi" recorded the fact that Zhuang Zhou, Hui Shi and Hao Liang swam together to watch fish. One day, when they were swimming in the city, they saw a group of small fish swimming back and forth and had a good time. Zhuangzi said: "It is a pleasure for small fish to wander around." Keiko said, "You are not a fish. How can you know that fish are happy?" ? Zhuangzi said, "You are not me. How do you know that I don't know that fish are happy?" " ? " In memory of Zhuang Hui, later generations built a fish-watching platform by the water's edge, and used Hao Liang or Hao Shang as a metaphor to describe the situation that each of them realized something and enjoyed himself.
Mourn your own smallness in front of the vast sea-bemoan your own smallness in front of great things
Autumn is coming (1), and all rivers are irrigated (2); Because of the size of the Jinghe River, there is no dispute between the two cliffs in Zhu Ya. So how happy Herb is to be complacent and take the beauty of the world for himself. Follow the current to the east. As for the North Sea, looking eastward, there is no end to the water. So Yan Hebo began to look at his face (7) and sighed at the ocean (8): "There is a saying in the wild language (9),' I have heard a hundred words (10), and I think I am ignorant' (1 1). This is what I said. And if I taste the taste of Zhong Ni and despise the meaning of Boyi (12), I will believe it; It's hard to be poor when I see my son today. If I don't go to my son's door, I will be in danger. My parents are laughing at Dafang (13). "
If Beihai says, "Well can't go with the sea (14), but stay in the void (15); Summer insects can't talk to ice, but stick to the time (16); Qu's family can't talk to Taoists (17), but can only be tied to religion. Looking at the sea from the cliff today, I know that I am ugly (18), and I will be able to have a heart-to-heart talk with Dali. The water in the world is bigger than the sea, and Wan Chuan belongs to it. I don't know when it will stop at no profit (19); I don't know when it will be gone. Spring is the same as autumn. We don't know about floods and droughts. The flow of this river cannot be measured (2 1). But I have never been self-sufficient (22), because I was born in heaven and earth and suffered from yin and yang (23). I am between heaven and earth, and Xiao Mu is among the mountains. I almost see less square inches, and I laugh at myself! Counting the four seas between heaven and earth is not as empty as osawa (24). Counting China (25) in the sea is not like counting rice (26) in a warehouse. Tens of thousands of things (27), people are at a loss; People die in Kyushu (28), grains are born, boats and cars are connected, where are people (29); This is more important than anything else, unlike the end of luxury goods lies in the horse (30)? The connection of the five emperors (3 1), the dispute between the three kings, the worries of benevolent people, the work of any scholar (32), that's all! Boyi Ci is famous for its name (33), and Zhong Ni Ci is rich and self-sufficient; Don't you want to compare water (34)? "
Sing "Knocking on the Basin"
"Zhuangzi's wife died, Keiko hanging it, Zhuangzi singing in the drum basin. Keiko said, "It is enough for the eldest son to live in harmony and grow old together. It's not bad to die without crying. Singing with drums and pots is also great! " Zhuangzi said, "otherwise. Finish what you started, I can't be alone! There is no life in the beginning, no life in the disciples, no life in the disciples and no life in the disciples. Miscellaneous between awn and fluorene, it turns into gas, gasifies into shape, it turns into life, and now it turns into death, just like the four seasons. People were lying in a huge room, and I cried with it, thinking that I couldn't live any longer, so I stopped. "
3. Classical Chinese reading question 1:( 1) Being a prime minister (2) Being a capital (3) Living (4) How and where (4 points) Question 1: I am not you, of course I don't know you; You are not a fish, you don't know the happiness of fish, that's for sure! (3 points) Question 1: Fear of seeking (2 points) Question 1: The focus of the debate is whether Zhuangzi can know the happiness of fish (foreign objects).
Zhuangzi thinks that fish is happy, which is actually the projection and reflection of his happy mood, and also embodies Zhuangzi's thought of advocating "nature" and opposing "man-made". (4 points) Small question 1: This question examines students' ability to understand the content words in classical Chinese, and only needs to understand the meaning in specific context, and sometimes they will pay attention to the special usage of words.
Question 1: This question examines students' ability to translate classical Chinese. It is required to have the ability to implement keywords, not to omit them, but also to be coherent with the context, and sometimes to make up for the missing subjects, and at the same time to seize the keywords.
Question 1: This question examines the ability to understand the article. On the basis of understanding the article, choose the words that can reflect Keiko's emphasis on fame and fortune.
Question 1: This question examines the ability to understand the article. It's enough to analyze Zhuangzi's thoughts in combination with controversial issues.
.
4. Reading Classical Chinese (13): Two stories about Zhuangzi: ① Keiko taking photos ② searching 1.
(1) Being a prime minister (2) Being a capital (3) Living (4) How and where (4 points) 2. I am not you, although I don't know you; You are not a fish, you don't know the happiness of fish, that's for sure! (3 points) 3.
Terrorist search (2 points) 4. The focus of the debate is whether Zhuangzi can know the happiness of fish (foreign objects).
Zhuangzi thinks that fish is happy, which is actually the projection and reflection of his happy mood, and also embodies Zhuangzi's thought of advocating "nature" and opposing "man-made". (4 points) Analysis: 1.
This question examines students' ability to understand the content words in classical Chinese, just to understand the meaning of words in a specific context, and sometimes pay attention to the special usage of words. 2。
This topic examines students' ability to translate classical Chinese. It is required to have the ability to implement keywords, not to omit them, but also to be coherent with the context, and sometimes to make up for the missing subjects, and at the same time to seize the keywords.
3。 This question examines the ability to understand the article.
On the basis of understanding the article, choose the words that can reflect Keiko's emphasis on fame and fortune. 4。
This question examines the ability to understand the article. It's enough to analyze Zhuangzi's thoughts in combination with controversial issues.
5. Zhuangzi's short stories in classical Chinese.
When Zhuangzi's wife died, Keiko hung up, and Zhuangzi sat in the drum basin singing (1). Keiko said, "Live in harmony (2), the eldest son is old (3), it's enough not to cry, and it's good to play drums and sing!"
Zhuangzi said, "Otherwise. Is the beginning and end of it, I can't be alone (4)! There is no life at the beginning of the trial, no life and invisibility for non-disciples, and intangible and lifeless for non-disciples (5). Miscellaneous between awn and fluorene, it turns into gas, gasifies into shape, it turns into life, and now it turns into death, just like spring, summer, autumn and winter. People were sleeping in the giant room (6), and I cried with them (7), thinking that I couldn't live (8), so I stopped. "
translate
Zhuangzi's wife died, Keiko went to offer condolences, but Zhuangzi sat with his legs crossed like a dustpan, banging on the tile while singing. Keiko said, "You have lived with your dead wife all your life and have children until you die of old age. It is not an exaggeration to cry when you are dead, and it is not an exaggeration to sing after knocking on the tile! "
Zhuangzi said, "That's not right. How can I not be sad when this man died? But after careful investigation, she was never born at first, not only never born but also never had a body, not only never had a body but never formed vitality. Mixed in a trance, it changes into vitality, vitality changes into shape, shape changes into life, and now it changes into death, just like running in spring, summer, autumn and winter. The dead will lie peacefully between heaven and earth, but I sobbed beside her, thinking that it is impossible to understand fate, so I stopped crying. "
original text
Zhuangzi's funeral passed through Keiko's tomb, and Gu said to his followers, "If a man flies his wings, slow his nose (1), so that the craftsman can stone him (2). A craftsman's luck makes the wind (3), and if he listens, he will lose (4). If you try your best, your nose won't be hurt. If you stand up straight, you won't lose your ability (5). Hearing this, Song called the craftsman stone and said, "Do it for me." The craftsman said,' I can taste it. Although, the quality of the minister has been dead for a long time (6)' Since the death of the master (7), I have no idea! I have nothing to say. "
translate
Zhuangzi's funeral, after Keiko's cemetery, turned around and said to the people who followed him, "There is a man in the field who smeared chalk on his nose. The chalk head is as big as the wings of mosquitoes and flies, and asked the craftsman to cut off this small white spot with an axe. The stonemason waved an axe and accidentally cut off the white spots. The white mud on the tip of his nose was completely removed, but his nose was not injured at all. The people who stood there as if nothing had happened did not lose their normal state. When Song learned about this, he called the craftsman and said, "You try this for me.". The craftsman said, "I can cut off the small white spots on my nose." "Even so, my worthy partner has been dead for a long time." Since Keiko died, I have no rivals! I have no one to argue with! "
original text
Zhuang wandered around the Diaoling Fan (1). A strange magpie flew from the south, with seven feet wide wings and big eyes, and gathered in the chestnut forest because of its sense of week. Zhuang Zhou said, "What bird, its wings will not die. Is it big? ? "Step (5), take the bullet and leave (6). ? Cicada can get a beautiful picture and forget her body, mantis can catch (7) and forget herself when she sees it; Different magpies benefit from it (8), and forget the truth when they see the benefits (9). Zhuang Zhou suddenly said (10): "Hey! Things are solid and tired (1 1), and the second one is called! " Donate bombs and walk away, and people in danger are scolded one by one (12).
Zhuang Zhou rebelled, and he was not in court in March (13). Lin asked him (14): "What's the difference between Confucius and Qing (15)?" Zhuang Zhou said: "I keep my shape and forget my body, but I am fascinated by turbid water and clear water." I also heard the masters say,' Do as the Romans do and obey their orders (16)'. Swimming in the mausoleum today, I forgot my body. Different magpies pity me. I swam around in the chestnut forest and forgot the truth. Li Lin's people took me as their slaughter (17), so I didn't go to court. "
translate
Zhuangzi was playing in the chestnut forest in Diaoling when he saw a strange magpie flying from the south, with wings as wide as seven feet and eyes as big as inches, touching Zhuangzi's forehead and stopping in the fruit tree forest. Zhuangzi said, "What kind of bird is this? Its wings are big but it can't fly far, but its eyes are big but its eyesight is poor? " So he lifted his clothes and quickly stepped forward, holding a slingshot in his hand, quietly waiting for the opportunity. At this moment, I suddenly saw a cicada, resting beautifully in the dense shade, forgetting its own safety; A mantis accidentally used leaves as a cover to pounce on cicada, but forgot its own body. The strange magpie followed closely and thought it was an excellent opportunity. It was about to catch mantis and lost its authenticity. Zhuangzi said with alarm and vigilance, "Ah, everything in the world is so intertwined and competitive. These two things always attract each other with interests!" Zhuangzi then threw away the slingshot and quickly turned away. The keeper of Chestnut Garden was puzzled and gave chase.
Zhuangzi came home in a bad mood for three days. Disciple Lin followed him and asked, "Why are you so unhappy these days?" Zhuangzi said, "I pay attention to the shape of foreign objects and forget my own safety. I appreciate the turbid running water, but I am puzzled by the clear pool water. I heard from teacher Lao Dan:' Wherever you go, you must follow the customs and taboos there.' Now I have come to Diaoling Chestnut Garden, and I have forgotten my own safety. The strange magpie touched my forehead while playing in the fruit forest and lost its authenticity. The person in charge of the garden didn't understand me and insulted me. I felt very unhappy. "
6. Zhuangzi translated classical Chinese: In order to guard against thieves who pry boxes, dig out pockets and open cabinets, we should tie knots, strengthen bolts and lock keys, which is what most people call cleverness.
But once the robber came, he ran away with his chest, box and pocket on his back, for fear that the knot, bolt and key were not strong enough. In this case, the so-called cleverness in the past was not to accumulate reserves for thieves. So I tried to discuss this situation. Is there a so-called smart person in the world who doesn't accumulate property for thieves? Are there any so-called saints who steal things without guarding their property? how do you know At that time, the neighboring villages and towns in Qi were far apart, and the voices of chickens and dogs were endless. In Fiona Fang, the water surface covered by fishing nets and the land cultivated by plows and hoes are more than 2,000 miles.
Throughout the country, all places used to set up ancestral temples and state institutions, all places used to set up administrative institutions at all levels, such as cities, prefectures, towns and villages, are not imitating the practices of ancient saints! However, when Tian Chengzi killed the monarch of Qi State, he stole the whole Qi State. He stole, robbed, is such a Qi State? Along with all kinds of wise laws there, they were robbed.
Although Tian Chengzi has a reputation as a thief, he is still as stable as Yao Shun. Small countries dare not criticize him, and big countries dare not punish him, stealing from generation to generation. So, isn't this the theft of Qi and the wise laws and regulations there to protect him as a thief? So I tried to discuss this situation. Is there a so-called wise man in the secular world who doesn't save money for thieves? Are there any so-called saints who don't defend property for thieves? how do you know Once upon a time, dragons and phoenixes were beheaded, Bigan was cut open, Changhong was cut out, and Zixu was left in the river to rot.
Even talented people like the above four people are still not spared from being killed. So, the disciple who stole his feet asked him, "Are there rules and standards for being a robber?" The thief replied, "Where can you be Fiona Fang without rules?" It is unswerving to speculate on what property is stored in the house out of thin air; The first person to enter the house is brave; Finally out of the house, this is friendship; It is wisdom to know whether you can take action; Fair distribution afterwards, this is kindness.
Without the above five points, there is no one who can become a thief. "From this perspective, good people don't know the way of saints and can't achieve a career. Private wine dealers don't know the way of saints and can't steal; There are fewer good people and more bad people in the world, so saints bring less benefits and more disasters to the world.
Therefore, when the lips are opened outward, the teeth will be exposed to the cold, and the wine offered by Lu Hou will be weak, leading to the siege of Handan, the capital of Zhao State, and the emergence of saints and thieves. Only by attacking the saints and releasing thieves can the world be peaceful.
When the stream dries up, the valley is particularly empty, and when the hills level the deep pools, it is particularly full. When a saint dies, thieves will never rise again, and the world will remain peaceful.
The thief won't stop until the sage dies. Even if the whole society is allowed to reuse saints to govern the world, then this is the greatest benefit of stealing feet.
Give the world a bucket and a welcome to measure the number of items, and then steal them together with the bucket and a welcome; Give the world a scale and a beam to measure the weight of the goods, and then steal them together with the scale and the beam; Make symbols and seals for the world to win people's trust, and then steal with them; Formulating benevolence and righteousness for the world to regulate people's morality and behavior, then it will be stolen together with benevolence and righteousness. how do you know Those who steal small things like hooks will be punished to death, and those who steal the whole country will become princes; Benevolence and righteousness only exist at the door of the princes.
Isn't this stealing benevolence and wisdom? Therefore, those who follow thieves, occupy the position of princes, steal benevolence and righteousness, and gain the benefits of competition, balance and Fuxi, even if they are rewarded by high officials and generous people, even if they have the majesty of executing people, can not be encouraged. These situations are very conducive to stealing feet, which cannot be banned. It is the fault of saints.
Therefore, fish can't leave the deep pool, and the weapon of governing the country can't be shown to people casually. Those so-called saints are sharp tools to rule the world and cannot be used to express the world.
Therefore, saints abandon wisdom, thieves can stop; Abandoning jade destroys jade, and thieves disappear; Burning symbols destroys seals, and people are simple; Broken barrels and scales make people miserable; Only by destroying the saints in the world can the people talk about right and wrong. Disturb the six laws, destroy all kinds of musical instruments, block Shi Kuang's ears, and let everyone in the world retain their original hearing; Eliminate decorative patterns, disperse colorful colors, stick to Zhu's eyes, and let everyone in the world retain their original vision; Eliminate hook arcs and ink lines, abandon compasses and rulers, and break workers' fingers, so that everyone in the world can retain their original intelligence.
Therefore, "the greatest ingenuity is as clumsy." Remove Zeng Shen and Shi? Loyalty, filial piety, Yang Zhu and Mo Zhai are eloquent, abandoning righteousness, and the virtue of the world can confuse unity.
If everyone keeps their original vision, the world will not be destroyed; Everyone keeps their original hearing, so there will be no troubles in the world; Everyone keeps his original intelligence, so there will be no chaos in the world; Everyone keeps his original nature, so there will be no evil in the world. What about Zeng Shen and Shi? Yang Zhu, Mo Zhai, Shi Kuang, Xugong and Lizhu all exposed their virtues and showed them off to confuse people all over the world, which is why the method of three wisdom is useless.
Don't you only know Sheng De's age? Once upon a time, Rong, Da, Bo Huangshi, Zhong, Shi, Li Shushi, Xuan Yuan Shi, Xushi He, Zunlu Shi, Zhu Rong Shi, Fu Xi Shi, Shennong Shi, in those days, people recorded by tying ropes, regarded coarse rice as delicious, plain clothes as beautiful clothes, pure feelings as joy and pure feelings as happiness. Times like this can be said to be true peace.
But today, it has actually reached the point where people stretch their necks and stand on tiptoe and say "somewhere is sacred".