Strictly speaking, only a female monarch with the title of "emperor", that is, the female head of the empire, can be called "female emperor", but it is an exception in the British Empire; Lady sovereign of the British Empire is a queen in the strict sense, not a queen. Only in the Victorian era did she have the title of "Queen of India", but she was still not the queen of the whole British Empire, but only the queen of British India, a colony of the British Empire, and there was only one queen of India. She is also the only monarch with the title of "Queen" in British history. Nowadays, many media (including officials) and individuals refer to Queen Elizabeth II as "Queen of England", which is actually not rigorous, because for one thing, she didn't get this title, and for another, the British Empire has disintegrated, even if she wants to be queen, there is no empire. Now Britain is just a kingdom, and the female monarch can only be a "queen", not a "queen". However, due to usage habits, it can still be called "Queen of England". This article describes the female emperor in a strict sense.
Wu Zhou Dynasty in China
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Emperors of the Zhou Dynasty (Wu Zhao and Wu Zetian) (reigned from 690 to 705).
Year number: providence, wishful thinking, longevity, delay, certificate, longevity, Tianshu longevity, Dengfeng longevity, Tiandao longevity, Magic, Shengli longevity, Dazu, Chang 'an and Shenlong.
The only female emperor in the history of China, she succeeded the oldest emperor (67 years old) and one of the oldest emperors (82 years old).
Byzantine Empire
(that is, the Eastern Roman Empire, ***3)
Queen Irina (reigned from 797 to 802);
Emperor Leo IV of Byzantine Empire, mother of Constantine VI, the first queen of Byzantine Empire and the last queen of Byzantine Empire; In 780, after the death of her husband Leo IV, she made her son Constantine VI emperor and empress dowager, holding actual power. In 797, he abolished his son and became a queen. It was deposed in 802 and the Isurian dynasty ended. She is the only empress in the history of Byzantine Empire who used the title of masculine emperor (Greek: β α σ λ ε, English: Emperor) instead of feminine emperor (Greek: β α σ λ σ α, English: Empress).
Macedonian Zoe (reigned from 1042 to 1050);
Also known as "orthodox Zoe", the daughter of Macedonian emperor Constantine VIII and Byzantine empress Helena, Emperor Luo Menas III, and the second empress of Byzantine empire; Flo· Minas III succeeded to the throne after his father died. On 1034, she conspired with confidant eunuch John * * * to kill her husband. In the same year, she married Michelle from Pavre, Gogna, and helped her ascend to the throne, becoming Mikhail IV. 104 1 year, Mikhail iv died, and she made Mikhail v, her nephew and adopted son, emperor. Mikhail V tried to exclude her, but she won the support of the citizens of Constantinople, the capital loyal to the Macedonian dynasty, and abolished Mikhail V as the orthodox school of the Macedonian dynasty. She and her sister Tiodola were on the same footing in 1042. In the same year, he married Dante Of nine, who was in his sixties, and san huang ruled together.
Queen odola (reigned from 1042 to 1056);
Daughter of Macedonian Emperor Constantine VIII and Queen Helena of Byzantine Empire, sister of Macedonian Zoe, the third and last queen of Byzantine Empire, and the last emperor of Macedonian Dynasty; From 1042, his sister Zoe and brother-in-law Dante Of nine were the lords of the Byzantine Empire, and the three emperors were in power together; 1052, his sister Zoe, a Macedonian, died, and he took power with his brother-in-law Dante Of nine. 1054 Dante Of nine became a separate queen after her death; Without an heir, Mikhail VI was appointed to the throne before the death of 1056, and the Macedonian dynasty ended.
Viet Nam
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Li (1224 to 1225 in place):
That is, Li, whose real name is Li, is the only female emperor in Vietnamese history, the ninth and last emperor of the Lee Dynasty in Vietnam, and Li's second daughter, formerly known as Princess Zhao Sheng; 1224, Princess Shuntian, the eldest daughter of Hui Zong, got married without a male heir, so she was appointed as the wife of the emperor. In the same year, Chen Shou, a powerful minister, abolished Hui Zong and made him emperor. Seven years old, the actual power is in Shoudu's hands. 1225, she married her nephew Chen Ritong (namely Chen Taizong). In the same year, Zen was located in Fufu, and was demoted to Queen Zhao Sheng, and the Li Dynasty was replaced by the Chen Dynasty. Since there were no children, in 1237, Chen Shoudu forced Emperor Taizong to abdicate his throne and changed his name to Princess Zhaosheng. 1258, Emperor Taizong meditated on Prince Huang Chen for Chen Shengzong. Chen Shengzong married Princess Zhaosheng as the queen, which was an incest. In the same year, he gave birth to Chen Yun (later Chen Renzong); After his death, he mourned the emperor Zhao. She was a queen, and later became the queen of two emperors. Her son was also an emperor, a legendary woman in Vietnamese history.
Russian Empire
Romanov Dynasty (***4)
Catherine I (reigned from 1725 to 1727);
Yekaterina (i) Alekshevna, the second queen of Peter I, the first emperor of the Russian Empire, the second emperor and the first queen of the Russian Empire; Originally the daughter of a Lithuanian farmer, she was captured by the Russian army in the Northern War, loved by Peter I and became his mistress. 17 12 officially became Queen Peter I; 1725, her husband Peter I became the queen with the support of the praetorian guard. Short reign, no political achievements; She had two sons and five daughters with Peter I, two of whom died young, and the second daughter grew up with this woman, the later Queen Elizabeth. After his death, there was no male heir, and his stepson Peter Alekseyevich Romanov succeeded to the throne.
Anna I (reigned from 1730 to 1740);
Full name anna ivanovna, daughter of Russian Tsar Ivan V of Russia, niece of Emperor Peter I of Russian Empire, aunt of Peter Alekseyevich Romanov, the fourth emperor and second queen of Russian Empire; 17 10 married the Duke of Kurland, but her husband died within three months, so she became the Duchess of Kurland and a widow, and never got married. /kloc-in 0/740, his nephew, Emperor Peter Alekseyevich Romanov, died without children, so he became a queen. During his reign, he used foreign troops for a long time. In the war of succession to the throne in Poland, he joined forces with the Habsburg holy Roman Emperor Carl V (that is, King Carlos I of Spain) to fight against Louis XV of French Bourbon family and won, but he was frustrated in the war of attacking the Ottoman Empire in the south (the fourth Russian-Turkish war). He is famous for his romantic life and inherited his nephew Ivan VI without a queen.
Elizabeth I (reigned 174 1 year-1762);
Elizabeth Petrovna, the daughter of Emperor Peter I and Empress Catherine I of the Russian Empire, and the grandmother of the sixth emperor and the third empress Ivan VI of the Russian Empire; 174 1 year, launched a palace coup, overthrew his nephew Ivan VI, became queen on his own, and claimed to be the legal heir of Peter the Great; During his administration, he encouraged business development and revitalized the Russian economy. Funding literary and artistic creation, establishing Moscow University and Art College; Participated in the seven-year war abroad, allied with the French and Austrian empires, and won many battles against Prussia; But she gave aristocratic privileges,
Make the situation of the broad masses of serfs more difficult; Also known for his debauchery, he never married and had no heir after his death, which made his nephew Peter III inherit the throne.
Catherine II (reigned from 1762 to 1796);
That is, Catherine the Great, whose full name is yekaterina (II), Alekshevna, Emperor Peter III of the Russian Empire, the eighth emperor of the Russian Empire, and the fourth and last queen; Originally the daughter of a German duke, 1745 married Peter III. Queen Elizabeth died in 1762, and her husband Peter III became queen. In the same year, a palace coup was launched, which deposed her husband Peter III and made herself queen. During his reign, he launched the fifth and sixth Russian-Turkish wars and won, defeated the Ottoman Empire, annexed the Crimean Khanate and gained the right of passage in the Black Sea. Divided Poland with Prussia and Austria for three times, which made Russia an unprecedented position and became the largest empire in the world across Eurasia. Therefore, it was honored as "the Great" and was one of only two "Great" in Russian history (the other was Peter the Great); He had close contacts with Voltaire, a French enlightenment thinker, but his thoughts were still conservative and opposed to the French Revolution. Toy Boy is also famous for her romantic life. She is numerous, and her two sons (including Paul I who later succeeded to the throne) may be her and Toy Boy's sons (because her husband Peter III is infertile).
Japan
(**8 digits, 10 generation)
This is controversial because Japan changed its name from Emperor Tianwu to Emperor. Before that, its official title should be Wang, so it should not include Tugu Emperor and Huangdi. )
Emperor Tuigu (reigned from 592 to 628):
Qin Ming's daughter, Minda's sister and queen, Shen Chong's sister, the 33rd emperor, the first female emperor in Japanese history; In 592, after his younger brother was killed by Su, he was made emperor. At the beginning of his reign, he made my nephew Shoto Kutaishi the Crown Prince and carried out reforms. During his reign, he restricted aristocratic power, respected Buddhism, and sent envoys to visit the Sui Dynasty in China for four times, which initiated the Asuka period. He sent troops to the Korean peninsula to crusade against Silla many times, but all failed.
Emperor Huang (reigned from 642 to 645, reigned as Emperor Qi Ming, reigned from 655 to 66 1 year);
Empress Shu Ming, sister Emperor Kotoku, the 35th and 37th emperors, the second female emperor in Japanese history; After Shu Ming died in 642, her husband was immediately taken over by powerful ministers Su Yi and Xia Yi. In 645, his eldest brother Prince (later Emperor Tianzhi) launched a palace coup to destroy the Soviet Union and enter the deer, which was a meditation on his brother Emperor Kotoku; After Emperor Kotoku died in 654, he was reunified the following year, and the real power was in the hands of his son, eldest brother and prince. In the later period of the rule, he was extravagant and extravagant, and was widely engaged in the palace; In the last year of his reign, he sent troops to the Korean peninsula to support Baekje, fought against Silla and Datang, and died in battle. Two years later (663), the Japanese and Baekje allied forces were defeated in the battle of Baijiangkou.
The ruling emperor (reigned from 690 to 697):
The daughter of Emperor Tianzhi, the niece and empress of Emperor Tianwu, the 4th1generation emperor, and the third female emperor in Japanese history; In 686, after the death of Emperor Tianwu, his uncle and husband, it was called the imperial court. In 689, his son, Prince Cao Pi, passed away and formally acceded to the throne the following year. In 697, he meditated on his grandson, Emperor Wu Wen, who was called the Emperor's Father. During his reign, Japanese culture developed greatly and the Baifeng era began.
Yuan Ming Di (reigned from 707 to 7 15);
Daughter, sister and daughter-in-law of Emperor Tianzhi, aunt and crown princess of Emperor KUSANAGI, grandmother and mother of Emperor Wu Wen, 43rd emperor and 4th female emperor in Japanese history; In 707, after the death of Wu Wen, his nephew and son, he succeeded to the throne, because his nephew and husband, Prince xelloss, had already died. In 7 15, he became the emperor of Zen. In 7 10, the capital was moved to Pingchengjing, which created the "Nara era" in Japanese history; In 7 15, she got Zen on her daughter Jacky and became the supreme emperor.
Emperor Jacky (reigned from 7 15 to 724):
The daughter of Emperor Hisaishi and the female emperor in Yuan and Ming Dynasties, the 44th generation emperor and the 5th female emperor in Japanese history; In 7 15, her mother, the female emperor in the Yuan and Ming Dynasties, was in office. In 724, he meditated on his nephew Emperor Shengwu and became the supreme emperor.
Kejsarinnan Koken (reigned from 749 to 758, renamed as the German Empress, reigned from 764 to 770);
Emperor Shengwu and the daughter of Empress Kwang, the 46th and 48th generation emperors and the 6th female emperor in Japanese history; In 749, his father Emperor Shengwu ascended the throne. In 758, a distant cousin, Emperor Chunren, was the emperor's father, and he still held actual power. In 764, due to the Fujiwara Nakama rebellion, Emperor Chunren was deposed and re-established; During his reign, Tang envoys were sent to China many times, which was the heyday of Nara era. In his later years, he favored Taoist mirror and French king, which caused many disadvantages.
Emperor Zheng Ming (reigned from 1629 to 1643):
Daughter of Emperor Shuiyue and Kazuko Tokugawa, the109th generation emperor and the seventh female emperor in Japanese history; 1629, after the death of his father, Emperor Shuiwei ascended the throne. During 1643, he meditated on his half-brother Yu Ji and became the emperor's father.
Emperor Sakuramachi (reigned from 1762 to 1770);
The daughter and sister of Emperor Sakuramachi, Emperor Taozang, the117th generation emperor in Japanese history, and the eighth and last female emperor so far; 1762, his brother Emperor Momozono died, and Ren Ying, the son of Emperor Momozono (later Emperor Taoyuan), was still young and acceded to the throne. 1770, after my nephew, Emperor Taoyuan entered Zen and continued to be the emperor's father.
Treasure hunters: the Indian Empire
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Alexandrina Victoria (reigned from 1877 to 190 1 year),
That is, Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (1837 ~ 190 1 reigned), the first British Indian emperor, the only queen in British India, the only monarch who won the title of "Queen" in British history, and the niece of King William IV of England; 1837, his uncle William IV died and became the queen of England; 1840, launched the Opium War, defeated the Qing Empire and signed the treaty of nanking, which was the first time that western powers signed an unequal treaty with China. 1877 accept the title of "Queen of India"; During his reign, Britain was unprecedentedly powerful, with great development in economy, science, literature and art, especially colonial rule, which made the British Empire enter its heyday and became the second "empire whose sun never sets" (the first was the Spanish Empire), known as the "Victorian Age"; Today, many rivers, lakes, deserts, waterfalls and cities in the world are named after her. Many children and grandchildren, married into the royal families of European countries, known as the "European grandmother."
Abyssinia
Solomon dynasty (now Ethiopia, *** 1)
Zuo Tito (in time 19 16 to 1930):
The illegitimate daughter of Abyssinia Emperor Sahle Miriam, the only queen in Ethiopian history (officially called "Queen of Kings"); 19 13 his father Sahle Miriam died, and his half-son, eyasu v, succeeded to the throne; 19 16, Eyasu V was abolished, so he became a queen, and his cousin Prince Tafari Magongnen was the regent and was established as the Crown Prince; Later, he disagreed with the Regent on the issue of reform or conservatism, secretly instigated his ex-husband to launch a local rebellion, but was suppressed by the Regent; 1930 died of panic in April; The Regent ascended the throne, that is, Haile Selassie I, the last emperor of Abyssinia.
Some dynasties in history also had female rulers such as Empress Dowager and Empress Dowager. They had the power to surpass the emperor, but they did not have the power to usurp the title of emperor. This situation was called "pro-imperial system" in history, and it was also called "listening to politics" from Wu Zetian. The most typical examples are Lv Hou and Empress Dowager Cixi. Empress Dowager Cixi was the actual ruler of the Qing Dynasty during the reign of Tongzhi and Guangxu, and was even called the "uncrowned king".
Other examples, such as Empress Qing and Empress Chengtian in the Western Liao Dynasty, Empress Manai of the Mongolian Empire and Empress Hai, were all vacant when they ascended the throne, and they became the actual masters of a country. Although they don't call themselves emperors, they are generally regarded as monarchs and even quasi-emperors. The most typical sign is to mark the year with their names and year numbers.
Due to the uniqueness of China culture-"filial piety", that is, although it is not allowed, women are treated with filial piety and tolerance, so in the history of various dynasties in China, the court's address system for women often appears.
In Japanese legends and history, there has also been a phenomenon that the queen is suspended and the queen is called the system. For example, before the Meiji Restoration, she was also regarded as an emperor or a quasi-emperor.
During the Northern and Southern Dynasties, there were no emperors in the Northern Dynasty (Emperor, Emperor, Emperor of France) under the planning of Ashikou respecting the world. Therefore, Zi Ning, the female emperor who greeted the Emperor from behind, acted as the authority of the Emperor as her mother (the mother of Emperor Yan Guang and Emperor Guangming) and became the actual ruler of heaven.
In Japanese history, there is also a special case of "female emperor". She is the first lady of the Spring Festival couplets bureau who founded the Tokugawa shogunate Edo City Da 'ao. Because her power was enough to influence the policies of the shogunate and indirectly forced the then Shuiwei Empress to abdicate, she was regarded as a female emperor by some people.