From May to June, semi-lignified branches with short internodes can be selected, cut from the base for cutting, and 3 to 5 leaflets are left at the top. If the branch is too long, you can also cut off the top. The cutting substrate can be orchid mud, alpine humus, vermiculite, perlite or yellow soil, with a thickness of about 15 cm to 20 cm and a drainage layer of 7 cm to 8 cm below. After the medium is wetted, the cuttings are inserted into the substrate, and the depth of the cuttings is about 1/2 of the length of the cuttings. For a small number of cuttings in the family, a large flowerpot can be used to hold the culture medium instead of the cuttings seedbed. Cover the cuttings with plastic film to keep them moist, control the temperature between 25℃ and 30℃, add a shade shed to block the sun, or move them to the shade to keep the cuttings moist all the time. Dong Juan can take root in about 1 month, while Xi Juan can take root in 60 to 70 days. After September, the shading time can be shortened, and the dilute urea solution can be applied once, with a concentration of about 0.2%, and the pot can be taken out in late June at 65438+ 10. In production, if all-optical electronic timing spraying device is used for cutting and vermiculite is used as cutting substrate, it can survive after 20 days, and the general survival rate can reach more than 95%.
In addition, it is worth mentioning that there is a wild rhododendron (R.parrifolum), which is distributed in northeast China, Inner Mongolia, Russia and North Korea. It is an evergreen shrub with a rose-colored corolla, which is inconsistent with the multicolor you described and can be excluded.
Maintenance skills of Jinhu
Jin Hu ball is big, green, full of strong thorns, ivory color, and hairy tip, which is very popular among fans. To cultivate gold amber, we must first understand the growth law of gold amber, and then adopt scientific management to cultivate satisfactory gold amber. Temperature plays an important role in the growth cycle of Jinhu Lake. In winter, Jinhu is dormant. In April, Jinhu woke up and began to grow. In May and June, the temperature reached 25 ~ 30℃, and Jinhu entered a vigorous growth period. From July to August, when the temperature exceeds 35℃, Jinhu enters summer sleep. When the temperature dropped to 30℃ in September, Jinhu woke up and began to grow again. If autumn is well managed, it may grow faster than spring. 165438+1The temperature dropped in the middle and late October, and Jinhu gradually entered hibernation. At this point, the annual growth of Jinhu has come to an end.
Jinhu Guangyang should meet its demand for sunshine as much as possible. In addition to indoor maintenance in winter, it should be placed in sunny places all day in spring, summer and autumn. If Jin Hu is kept indoors for a long time, it will affect its body color, long thorns, deformed sphere and lose its ornamental value. Jinhu should be placed in the sunny place on the windowsill in winter, and the basin should be turned over for a period of time to let the sphere receive light evenly everywhere. When the hot sun shines directly in midsummer, you should shade yourself properly. The author's practice is to cover the upper part of Jinhu with colored plastic bags to protect the dome from rain, and then cover it with large plastic bags with pots, and put it in the place where the outdoor sunlight lasts the longest. When the temperature is high in midsummer, take off the big plastic bag to avoid the ball rotting caused by stuffy humidity in the bag. After the bag is removed, the pot ball is in a ventilated environment and the ball grows well.
Although watering Jinhu is drought-tolerant, it is not without water. Some golden lakes have not been raised or even shrunk, which is related to not watering for a long time. Jinhu should be adequately watered during the spring and autumn growth period, and less watered during the winter and summer dormancy period. Water every 4 or 5 days or 1 week in the early growth stage, and water from the basin, preferably at 9 am, 10 or 4 or 5 pm. It is best to leave tap water for 2 days before pouring it. From late April to June, the water demand of Jinhu increased, and it was watered once in the morning and once in the evening. It rains in June, so be careful that the pot soil is too wet, which will lead to rotten roots. In July and August, Jinhu entered the summer dormancy period, and the water should be controlled. From late September to 65438+ 10, Jinhu once again entered the growth period, and watered it every 3 or 4 days. In June165438+1October, the growth of Jinhu tends to stagnate, and watering can be done once every 10 day. From June to February, 5438, Jinhu entered a dormant period, and no watering was needed to enhance its cold resistance.
Fertilize in spring and apply thin fertilizer in Qin Ying once every 1 week. May, June 4, 5 days once, the concentration can be slightly higher. No fertilization at high temperature in midsummer. 9, 10 can be applied once a week, 1 1 month to the next spring without fertilization. Fertilizer should be diluted with water after decomposition of poultry, fish dregs or poultry manure, applied after 9 ~ 10 or 5: 00 pm, and watered the next day after fertilization.
The cultivated soil should be loose, with moderate fertility, neutral or slightly acidic pH and rich in organic matter. Bagged soil can be sold in the market or prepared by itself: ① loam soil 3 parts, humus soil or peat soil 2 parts, screened bone meal 1 part, coarse sand 4 parts; ② Add 3 parts of coarse sand, 3 parts of garden soil, 2 parts of humus soil, lime 1 part, broken brick 1 part, a small amount of calcium superphosphate, charcoal particles or bone meal.
The pottery jar with good air permeability is the best jar, followed by the pottery jar and porcelain jar. The size of the basin depends on the golden amber sphere, and the gap between the sphere and the basin wall is 3 ~ 4 cm. If the sphere is large, the gap can be appropriately larger.
The best time for planting is when its hibernation is over and it has not started to grow. Followed by the summer dormancy period. Specific operation: cover the holes in the bottom of the basin with tiles or broken pots, and fill them with water-saving materials such as broken tiles, bricks, stones and dead branches. From 1/4 to 1/3, and then fill them with 1/4 to 65438. Cut off some roots, put Jin Hu in the center of the basin, cover Jin Hu's root neck with soil, gently shake the basin to make the soil fully contact with the roots, compact the soil around the roots by hand, and then spread a layer of coarse gravel to resist water erosion. Don't water. Leave it indoors until it grows up.
The time of turning pots is the same as planting, once a year or once every other year. First, prepare a larger pot and new culture soil, remove the balls from the old pot, remove part of the resident soil, cut off some dead roots and rotten roots, and then dry them on the pot. Operation is the same as planting. In addition, because the sphere is too big to turn over the pot, part of the resident soil can be removed and new culture soil can be added. Compaction after soil replacement, and then spread a layer of coarse gravel without watering.
Jin Hu is not cold-resistant. When the temperature drops to about 5℃, Jinhu can be moved to a sunny place indoors to keep the soil dry and guard against the cold wind.
Winter maintenance skills of common flowers
Flowers are mainly divided into cold tolerance and cold tolerance. When the temperature is lower than 10℃, most flowers and trees from tropical and subtropical areas will stop growing and enter the dormant period, otherwise the branches and leaves will be easily frozen or frozen to death. For example, plants such as Phoebe bournei, Zhu Jiao, Pocket Coconut, Milan, Clivia, Jasmine, Pineapple, etc. The colored cactus planted directly in the pot should be kept at about 3℃-5℃ at room temperature; The lowest room temperature of banyan, brown bamboo, rubber tree, aloe, Liriodendron, Epiphyllum and Fargesia is1℃-3℃; Rose, Rhododendron, Osmanthus fragrans and Cycas are cold-tolerant plants, which can safely survive the winter even if they are placed outdoors or on the balcony. Plants that are afraid of cold, such as Milan, chlorophytum, and rich trees, must be moved indoors. So different flowers and plants must be treated differently. The following is a brief introduction to the winter maintenance skills of some common flowers: 1, chlorophytum.
Chlorophytum likes warm, humid and semi-cloudy environment. Strong adaptability, drought tolerance, but not cold tolerance, strict requirements for soil. It generally grows well in loose and fertile sandy soil with good drainage. The requirements for light are not strict, and it is generally suitable for growing under medium light conditions and is also resistant to weak light. The optimum growth temperature is 15 ~ 25℃, and the overwintering temperature is 10℃. Move indoors in winter and water it once every four days. Water it thoroughly. It is best to water at noon. When watering, the water temperature should be consistent with the air temperature to avoid freezing the roots. In winter, the basin soil should be kept slightly moist, and the leaves should be cleaned frequently when placed indoors. When the room temperature is kept at 15 ~ 20℃, chlorophytum can grow normally.
2. green radish
It is native to the tropical rain forest area of Central and South America, and likes warm and humid semi-cloudy environment. The suitable temperature is 18℃ ~ 2 1℃ during the day and 20℃ ~ 23℃ at night. As long as the indoor temperature is not lower than 15℃ in winter, the green radish can overwinter safely. If the temperature is lower than 10℃, it is easy to defoliate and affect the growth.
3. Ivy
Ivy is cold-resistant, does not need high sunshine, likes cool places, and it is no problem to spend the winter indoors. The sultry climate in summer is very unfavorable to the growth of ivy.
4. aloe oil
Aloe likes bright sunshine and high temperature, but strong light is forbidden. The lowest temperature in winter should not be lower than 2℃, and it should be transferred indoors in time. Although aloe likes water, it can't be watered every day. You can wait until the soil is very dry.
5. Cabbage
It can withstand heavy snow and low temperature of-1 1℃, adding a touch of greenery to the cold winter. Introduced to the north, it is an excellent open-field grass flower in winter.
6.jasmine
When the indoor temperature is above 25℃, the flowering fertilizer with potassium fertilizer as the main fertilizer can reduce the excessive growth of branches and promote flowering.
7. Begonia
The optimum growth temperature is 15 ~ 22℃. It prefers warm, humid and semi-cloudy environment, and avoids high temperature and water stains. The flowering period can be advanced under short sunshine, and the short sunshine in winter just meets its demand.
8. Anthurium plants
The optimum growth temperature of potted Anthurium andraeanum is 20 ~ 30℃, and the lowest temperature is 65438 04℃. Air humidity is the key to the success of Anthurium andraeanum cultivation. Therefore, foliar spraying should be carried out many times throughout the year, so as to continue to bloom.
9.azaleas
Rhododendron usually goes into hibernation in winter, but if the balcony or room temperature reaches a certain level, such as 15 ~ 25℃. Even Xia Juan will end its dormancy and continue to bloom. In winter, azaleas don't need much water. Generally, water it every 4 ~ 5 days 1 time.
10 Phalaenopsis
The indoor temperature should be controlled at 15 ~ 18℃ and the relative humidity should be 60% ~ 70%. Don't put flowers on or too close to the heating, and don't let the sun shine directly. The temperature of water should be close to room temperature, and the humidity can be increased by spraying blades with a sprayer frequently. The special fertilizer for orchids can be applied 2000 ~ 3000 times in the growth period, and no fertilization is needed in the flowering period.
Lily 1 1
Most varieties like cool, humid semi-cloudy environment, which is more cold-resistant. Even if the temperature drops to 3 ~ 5℃ in winter, they will not freeze to death. The suitable temperature for the growth period is 12 ~ 18℃, and the flowers can bloom normally at 12 ~ 25℃.
12, geranium
Geranium likes sunshine, is warm, slightly drought-tolerant and afraid of water accumulation. In daily management, it is necessary to prune and pick the heart, cut off the residual flowers after flowering, and promote the growth of new flower buds. Multiple coring can promote the increase of branches and pregnant buds. At room temperature, as long as the temperature is above 15℃ and not lower than 8℃ at night, you can be happy all winter when you see dry water supply. 10℃ can remain evergreen.
Iron fence 13
Blue-purple florets can bloom from autumn to the next spring. Humus soil or peat soil with loose and good drainage should be kept moist and fully illuminated, and the temperature in winter should not be lower than 10℃.
Cultivation and maintenance skills of cornflower
Cornflower, also known as blue hibiscus, emerald green and litchi chrysanthemum, symbolizes happiness. Cornflower was originally a wild flower. After years of cultivation, its wildness has decreased, its flowers have become bigger and its colors have become richer, including purple, blue, light red and white, among which purple and blue are the most precious. Belonging to Compositae, cornflower, Huayu is the happiness of being single and meeting happiness.
Cultivation of cornflower
Centaurea prefers sunny and cool climate, avoids hot summer and prefers fertile and loose soil. Because of its direct origin, it is suitable for live broadcast. Autumn sowing is early flowering, so you can spend the winter in a cold bed, and cornflower can bloom in late spring. Because cornflower is not resistant to transplanting, it must be transplanted with soil balls, otherwise it is not easy to slow down seedlings. After the plants survive, apply 5 times of decomposed human excrement and urine solution every 18 days or barrel month, and stop applying fertilizer in March of the following year until flowering. If potted, the pot soil should be loose and fertile, and the garden soil, rotten leaves, vegetation and ash should be mixed with mixed soil. When the seedlings grow to 6-7 leaves, they should be transplanted for the first time; After planting, change at least three pots, because cornflower is a direct root system, and big seedlings are not resistant to transplanting. In winter, you can bury the soil continuously for the winter, take it out at the beginning of March, apply fertilizer frequently, and stop applying fertilizer when buds appear.
Strong cold tolerance, can be planted in the open field in East China, and need to be covered for wintering in North China; Like fertile and loose soil; Happy sunshine; You can broadcast it yourself; Strong adaptability and easy cultivation. When cutting flowers are cultivated, flowers are usually urged in the greenhouse: sowing in August, planting in September and flowering in February of the following year. Generally, the seeds are sown in August-September, covered in the open field for wintering, sown in early spring the next year, and flowering in early summer. Spring sowing in northeast greenhouse. Because cornflower has straight roots and few lateral roots, it should be transplanted with soil when it is young, and it is not easy to survive when it is big, so it is often sown directly in spring. Centaurea can also reproduce itself. In addition, cornflower likes close planting, otherwise it will not grow well.
Matters needing attention in cornflower cultivation
Cornflower is strong, cold-resistant, sunny and needs fertile, loose and well-drained soil. Generally, it can be planted directly on the seedbed in September, and it can be overwintering in the open air in southern Central China, and there is no need to be cold-proof in winter. It should be transplanted in June 165438+ 10 or early March next year. Transplant 1 time when the autumn sowing seedlings in North China grow 2~3 true leaves, and plant them in the open field in early spring of the following year. Base fertilizer should be applied before planting. Because cornflower is a straight root system, it is not resistant to transplantation, so it must be transplanted with large soil. Cornflower stems are thin, easy to lodging, and the planting distance should not be too close. It is necessary to prevent lodging caused by excessive growth and poor ventilation. At seedling stage, topping and coring are needed to promote multi-branch and dwarf plants, so as to make them have more flowers and beautiful shapes. Apply liquid fertilizer 1 time every 20 days during the growing period, but it should be noted that nitrogen fertilizer should not be applied more, and phosphorus and potassium fertilizer should be applied more appropriately to make the stems firm and bright in color. At the same time, water should be moderate, not too much, and drainage must be paid attention to in time in rainy season, otherwise it will cause rotten roots and affect the normal growth of plants.