Titles in the Qing Dynasty were divided into imperial clan and meritorious service. He Shuo, Prince of Imperial Clan, Prince Shizi (the eldest son of the prince), King Doro, eldest son (the eldest son of the county king), Dorobelle, Gushan of Beizi, Lord Zhen, Lord Fu, Lord Zhen, Lord Fu, General Zhen Guo, first-class general, first-class general Fu Guo, first-class general Feng Guo and first-class general Feng En * *. "Gushan" refers to "flag", "Duoluo" refers to a corner, and "Heshuo" refers to one party, all of which refer to the scope of undertaking, with "Heshuo" as the largest. ) Before assisting lord protector, the Eight Grades was called Eight Grades, which was different from the later appellations of lord protector in Eight Towns and lord protector in Eight Auxiliary Towns. "Eight points" and "eight points" refer to the standards of eight kinds of treatment. People who "don't score eight points" can't enjoy these eight treatments. The eight treatments are: (1) Zhu Lun (red wheel) (2) Purple rein (reins for riding) (3) Gem top (first-class coral top, gem top on coral top) (4) Henaan with two eyes (5) Horn lamp (6) Tea saddle (7) Horse mattress (8) door. Except for Daishan, Jier Erlang, Dourgen, Duoduo, Su, Heshuo Chengze, Keqin County King, Heshun County King Dehui, Yongzheng Shi Yixian Prince, Tongzhi Shi Gong Prince, Guangxu Shi Chun Prince and Qing Prince, the rest of the people can only be replaced by twelve kings. Knights are divided into medals of merit and medals of grace. Meritorious seal is called meritorious service, which can be "hereditary"-the eldest son inherits the title without demotion. After Manchu entered the customs, Heshuo had eight princes who were "hereditary and useless", namely Rui, Li, Zheng, Yu, Su, Zhuang, Keqin and Shuncheng, commonly known as the Eight Kings of Iron Hats (later added four princes of Yongzheng Yixian, Tongzhi Gong, Guangxuchun and Qing * * *). Enfeng's title is when the eldest son inherits, several generations will be demoted by his father. However, the prince's sons fell into the hands of the duke and never fell again; The descendants of the county king fell to the auxiliary frenzy; Baylor's descendants have fallen to less than eight points; The descendants of Beizi have fallen to less than eight points to assist lord protector; Sun, son of Zheng, surrendered to General Zheng; Sun, son of a general. Imperial clan salary: Prince's annual salary is 65,438+12,000 yuan, 65,438+10,000 yuan; Prince silver six thousand two hundred, six thousand two hundred meters; The annual salary of the county king is 5,200 yuan, and Mi Lu is 5,000 yuan; The eldest son is 3200, and the salary is 3000. Baylor's annual salary is 2,500 taels of silver and 2,500 taels of Mi Lu; Beizi's annual salary 1300 Liang, 1300 Hu; Zhen Guogong is 700 Liang and 700 Hu a year; Rich countries spend 500 Liang and 500 Hu a year; The first-class town will receive 4 10 silver and 4 10 Mi Lu. Second-class towns will receive 385 taels of silver and 385 taels of rice; The third-class town will receive 360 taels of silver and 360 taels of rice; First-class assistant general and cloud riding Wei Sui silver 335 Liang, meter 335 Liang; The first assistant will receive 365,438+00 taels of silver and 365,438+00 taels of Mi Lu. The second-class assistant will receive 285 Liang and 285 Liang; Third-class auxiliary generals, silver 260 Liang, rice 260 Liang; Guo Feng, a first-class general, and a Yun Qiwei won 235 taels of silver and 235 taels of Mi Lu. A first-class general who served his country won 265,438+00 taels of silver and 265,438+00 taels of Mi Lu. Second-class generals in China received 185 silver and 185 Mi Lu. Third-class generals who served their country won silver 160 and Mi Lu 160. The salary of General Bon and the commander of Yi Yun is 135, and that of Mi Lu is 135. General Feng En's annual salary is 1 10, and the annual salary is 1 10. Hero Spyker was customized in the 16th year of Qianlong, and there are 27 kinds of hero Spyker: male, divided into first to third class, super class, divided into first class and captain of a cloud riding team, first to third class. Super grade; Uncle, divided into first-class uncle and a cloud riding captain, as well as first-to third-class uncles, super products; Son, divided into first-class son and first-class cloud riding a captain, and-to third-class, is a product; Male, divided into first-class male and first-class cloud riding captain, and first-class to third-class male, just second-class; Captains who arrive without pomp, captains who arrive without pomp and ride clouds, captains who arrive without pomp and third-class captains are all just three things; Riding captain, divided into riding captain and cloud riding captain and riding captain, second class and fourth class; Cloud riding a captain, positive five products; En Qiwei, seventh grade. Hero Spyker's salary is first-class public pension silver 700 second-class public 685 second-class public 660 second-class public 635 second-class public 6 10 second-class public 585 second-class public 560 second-class public 535 second-class public 5 10 second-class public 485 second-class public 460 second-class. Another cloud riding captain 435 son 4 10 son 385 son 360 male another cloud riding captain 335 male 3 10 male 285 male 260 Liang Yi Qingqi captain another cloud riding captain 235 Liang Yi Qingqi captain 2 10 Liang Yi Qingqi captain 65438+ second and third class riding captain 160 second riding captain and one.

Although titles in Ming Dynasty were still divided into clansmen and different surnames, the specific titles changed greatly.

Royal male title

Prince: The eldest son of the emperor was made a prince, and the son of the emperor was made a prince at the age of 10, so he was also called a vassal king. The official name of this prince is Wang, and his fief is called the country. Wang Xi called it a "national treasure" and became a vassal at the age of 20. County king: the eldest son of the prince 10 was made a prince, and the eldest grandson was made a grandson; At the age of ten, the vassal was named king of the county; General Zhen Guo: the eldest son of the county king is the eldest son of the county king; The eldest grandson sentenced the eldest grandson; The county king awarded the general of the town country; General of the auxiliary country: the eldest son of the general of the town country attacks the general of the town country, and the son is the general of the auxiliary country; General Guo Feng; The eldest son of the general of the auxiliary country attacked the general of the auxiliary country, and the son was the general of the country; Captain Zhen Guo; General Guo Feng's eldest son attacked General Guo Feng, and his sons were all lieutenants in the town. Captain's auxiliary country; The eldest son of the town lieutenant attacked the town lieutenant, and the son assisted the lieutenant; Captain, lieutenant Fu Guo, the eldest son attacked lieutenant Fu Guo, and all the scholars were hereditary and always different. Since the prince, no longer eat taxes, Lu Zhi rice. The title of prince is a word, such as Zhou Wang and Yan Wang. Generally speaking, after the death of a prince, the title is posthumously conferred by the emperor. When addressing him, we use the method of title plus posthumous title plus king: for example, Zhu Shang, the king of Qin, and posthumous title Cheng, who are customarily called Qin Wangcheng. The title of county king is two words, such as King Jingjiang and King Quiet. In the 28th year of Hongwu, Lu Zhi's rice quantity was reset, with 10,000 stones for the prince, 2,000 stones for the county king, 1,000 stones for the general of Zhenguo, 800 stones for the general of Guo Fu, 600 stones for the general of Guo Feng, 400 stones for the lieutenant of Zhenguo, 300 stones for the lieutenant of Guo Fu and 200 stones for the lieutenant of Guo Feng. In addition, the state builds palaces and tombs for the royal family and provides officials, servants and other benefits. At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, the title of prince was very high in the imperial clan title and occupied an important position in the political life of the country. During the Hongwu period, Zhu Yuanzhang granted the prince the military power. In particular, the captaincy of the northern border, not only has the guards directly under it, but also often leads troops to war, which is called the king of Cyprus. One of them, Judy, the prince of Yan, launched the Jing Nan War and seized the throne shortly after Zhu Yuanzhang's death. After Judy ascended the throne, she gradually lifted the military power of the vassal king, strengthened the restriction and monitoring of the imperial clan, and formed a situation of "enfeoffment of Wuxi soil, nobles without people, eating money and treating no one". In the middle of Ming Dynasty, the number of royal families was increasing, and Mi Lu became a heavy burden for the Ming government. Feudal kings also competed for illegal land occupation, ranging from thousands of hectares to tens of thousands of hectares, which reduced the tax revenue of the Ming government and intensified social contradictions. After Wanli, in order to solve these contradictions, the court was forced to open the ban on imperial clan officials, allowing imperial examinations to take scholars below the general of the town state, in order to support the imperial clan and no longer parasitize grain and wealth, but with little effect.

Imperial clan female title

The royal aunt called princess royal, Otome called princess royal, and the royal daughter called the princess, all of whom were given two thousand gold books. The son-in-law called Xu a surname. The prince is called princess, the king is called princess, the granddaughter is called princess, the great-granddaughter is called princess, and the great-granddaughter is called princess. The princess took 800 stones, and the rest were poor.

Different surnames and titles

The first day of the Ming Dynasty followed the old system of the Yuan Dynasty. In the third year of Hongwu (1370), the title system was decided, which was divided into three classes: public, Hou and Bo, except children and men. In addition to heroes and consorts, there were eunuchs' children and ethnic minority leaders in the Ming Dynasty. Those who are sealed and receive iron coupons are hereditary titles, otherwise they are mobile titles. If the seal is attacked, it will be returned to its patent certificate, and the world will be restored and removed. Titles are hereditary or relegated to attack, such as Hou and hereditary Bo. The titles of Gong, Hou and Bo are divided into four grades: those who help Taizu set the world, saying that the founding of the country helps Yang to be sincere; Starting from Chengzu, it is difficult to push sincerity in Fengtian Jing; I said that Tian Feng and Yi Yun pushed sincerity, and Tian Feng Yiwei pushed sincerity. Chen Wu said it was Li Xuan Chen Wu, while Chen Wen said to keep the text. Lao Lu takes merit as the difference. Hong stipulated that: 5,000 to 2,500 stones should be paid by the public, first-class founding countries should help promote sincerity, second-class Fengtian Beijing is hard to promote sincerity, third-class Fengtian Yiwei pushes sincerity, first-class founding countries should help promote sincerity, second-class Fengtian Beijing is hard to promote sincerity, third-class Fengtian Yiwei pushes sincerity, and first-class Fengtian Stone reaches 700 stones. First-class founding boosts sincerity, second-class Fengtian Jingnan pushes sincerity, third-class Fengtian Yi Yun pushes sincerity, and fourth-class Fengtian Yiwei pushes sincerity, but some men earn only one-third or one-sixth of Marquis's salary. Ten years later, Hongwu waited for Bo Hou. At the beginning of Yongle, it was stipulated that Bo was below Hou, above the first grade, and equal to Hou, and the count was more important. When Gong enters the DPRK, he can be in charge of the five houses and six armies, and when he leaves the DPRK, he can lead the general to be the commander-in-chief, but he can't advance.

Fanwai

In the early Ming Dynasty, some heroes were made county kings. For example, Wei Guogong, Xu Da and Hongwu were awarded the title of Shen Bing Dafeng hero for three years, named him the founder of Fengtian, and promoted Wei Guogong, with a total of 5,000 stones. In February of eighteen years, he was still alive. Chasing Zhongshan Wang and Shi Wuning. In the late Ming dynasty, there were also heroes who were named county kings for their meritorious service, such as Zheng Chenggong, the king of Yanping. For tributary countries, they are all named after county kings, such as the king of Korea, the king of Vietnam and the king of Japan.

The supervision of the Ministry of Internal Affairs in the palace, officials belong to: supervision of two people, from the three products; Two supervisors and four back office workers are missing, all based on four qualities. Serve time in prison and announce orders. It belongs to six bureaus, namely, Gongwei, Guanguan, Neifu and Neifang. There is little supervision, and internal services are two of them. When the queen kisses the silkworm, she rises to the altar to hold the vessel; Put your hand in, take it out, for the clip. In the fourth year of Wude, it was changed to Changqiu prison, saying that it was in-service prison and in-service prison. In the second year of Longshuo, the prison was changed to the province. In the first year of Wuhou, the hanging arch was called Gongtai. Tianbao has been in prison for thirteen years. He has changed his position and less supervision. Find a waiter who is more diligent. There are 1696 high-quality people, 2,932 white-clad officials, 8 ministers and 16 ministers. I often serve six people in my room. I am under grade five. This sentence is easy to pass. Give it to ten people inside, five grades. Questions and clauses are easy. Every January and winter solstice, when officials congratulate the queen, they will go in and out for publicity; Imperial secretary clothing costs, and then there are grades, count how much it is, and send it to the Spring and Autumn Book. There are two people in charge, from the ninth grade. There are ten people in charge of infighting, and they are below six grades. Pronunciation, recitation, decrees and the name description of foreign married women. All anti-abortion women attending the meeting will be reflected by their figures; The maid got off and led to the hall to play. In the Tang Dynasty, the internal audit bureau was abolished, and eighteen people were set up in the internal code, who were responsible for ordering women to attend the court and guiding them in and out. There are six cabinet members and eight in the palm. Twelve people are guilty, from eight products. Responsible for anti-abortion women's classes, classified. There are four or six people inside, below level seven. It is illegal to picket in the palace, but it is also illegal to go in and out when you are old. There are six people in the temple, from seven grades. The queen's palm in and out is redundant, holding the imperial knife.

Ye Ming Yuan Ju two people, from seven products; Cheng Sanren, from Bapin. In charge of imperial secretary's books, female workers. If the name of the imperial secretary is registered, it shall be attached; Male mulberry sericulture will learn their lessons; Sacrifices have been taken away. Women deserve it. Those who can sew will be transferred to them, and those who can't sew will be transferred to farmers. Those who need female services in camps of various departments are all taken from domestic servants. Four scribes, eight scribes, two historians, ten clerks and four palms. Calculate the history of the workflow. There were two female doctors in the official palace of the Tang Dynasty, from Jiupin. He is responsible for teaching imperial secretary's books, calculations and various arts. At the beginning, the Neiwen Museum was placed under the Chinese Book Province, and a Confucian scholar was a bachelor, who was in charge of the imperial secretary. In the first year of Wuhou Ruyi, it was renamed Xi 'an Art Museum and changed to Jiao Fang, Lin Wan, seeking retro. Doctor of internal medicine 18, doctor of classics, doctor of history, doctor of seal script of Zi and Ji, doctor of regular script 1 name, Zhuang Lao, Taiyi, seal script, method, intonation, flying white, arithmetic and chess. At the end of Kaiyuan, the museum was abandoned, taught by a doctor, and later transferred to the Ministry of Internal Affairs. There are four people in prison, from grade nine. Responsible for supervision, chores and standard work. The palace bureau ordered two people, from seven products; Cheng Erren, from Bapin. Take care of the palace and get in and out of the key. Anyone who enjoys the ancestral temple and the queen's god comes in and out is handsome. Always give students a certificate and give them food. There are three calligraphers, six scribes, twenty historians, sixteen palm fans, fifty students and four palms. Where there is no official product, an order will be given in the number, and all calendars will be accepted; The history of internal affairs, the palm of your hand is passed on the door, and the cashier keeps the key; Inside palm fan, palm Gong Shan. Xiguan bureau ordered two people, which are eight products; Cheng, both of them are below grade nine. Palm lixi, laborers, court officials. Imperial secretary's disease is medicine; Death, clothes, each according to its product. Those who are buried with the tomb are given craftsmen and guards, with three grades to 100 people buried with them, four grades of eighty, five grades of sixty, six grades of ten, eight grades of seven and nine grades of seven; If there is no product, five nails will be collected from the loose coffin and buried in a calf cart for three people. They are all supervised by a captain, and they are all long-term. If there are five or more women without relatives, a man with the same surname in the near tomb is the main priest in the tomb; People with different surnames are less imprisoned in the Spring and Autumn Period. There are three scribes, six scribes, four clerks, four medical children and four palms. The internal servant bureau ordered two people to be below eight products; Cheng, both of them are below grade nine. Hold a bus in your hand. Queen out, left for, become right, lead for. There are two scribes, four scribes, one hundred and forty drivers, eight clerks and eight palms. Drivers learn to ride cars and various animals. In the Forbidden City, a group of old eunuchs ordered two officials of the Inner Government Bureau, under the Eight Cardinals; Cheng, both of them are below grade nine. The number of treasures in the palm, as well as the supply of lamps, candles, soup and decorations. Every time the court held a meeting, the five products were presented, and the resignation of meritorious officers and soldiers and Fan Tusi was given to the court. There are two calligraphers, four calligraphers, four historians, four palms and six officials. The prince's inner bureau ordered two people, starting from the fifth grade; Cheng two people, from the seven products. In charge of the meals of the East Palace and Imperial Palace. There are five people in the workshop, from eight products. At the beginning, the inner side was transferred to the East Palace. In the twenty-seventh year of kaiyuan, the internal affairs office was transferred to the bureau, and the order in the code was changed. There are six people in the workshop, who are responsible for guiding the guests; Take charge of the handsome people together with the six handsome men and give them their affairs; There are eight people in the room, who are in charge of the keys, fans, lights and candles respectively; There are two officers riding in the stable inside. There is a clerk, three ministers, five ministers, two clerks, thirty drivers, a pavilion manager and a palm. There are four straight people, below grade nine. Palace guide ceremony, pass on questions, correct violations, and supervise cashiers.

[Edit this paragraph] Female internal rank

First, pick a woman (no rank) Zheng He, the eunuch of the Ming Dynasty, all women who entered the palace started with picking a woman. They first went to Ye Ting to concentrate on their lives and learn the palace culture and etiquette rules. They can often report for a week, and those who pass the exam can get a primary promotion. At this time, they can choose to be female officials or concubines and embark on different paths. Second, the little ambassador (from nine), the middle ambassador (from nine) and the long ambassador (from eight) are all maids, equivalent to apprentices. They can choose to serve as basic jobs such as serving tea, sweeping the floor and plastering in all palaces except the main palace of the emperor and queen, and learn to be a female official who serves personally. They can also go to various departments to learn skills (cooking, clothing, embroidery, appreciation of jewelry, flower planting and medical knowledge) 3. Gong Shi (Bapin) and Liang Shi (Qipin) are junior female officials in various palaces or departments. In addition to their own jobs, they also have the task of educating new people from junior ambassadors to adult ambassadors. (equivalent to the "aunt" in the court of the Qing Dynasty) Fourth, the constant attendants (seven products) and the constant attendants (from six) manage the female officials living in the concubines' palace or the little princess and little prince's palace, and the concubines below the level of maids (including ladies) live in groups (equivalent to the aunts who are in charge of the palace in the Qing Dynasty). Five, the selection of attendants, (six products) The most basic on-the-job female officials in the palaces of emperors and queens are all selected from the well-behaved female officials in the palace. The selection of attendants can choose to change clothes by sleeping, then turn into a beauty, enter the concubine sequence, or become the lowest concubine in the emperor's womb, or continue to be a female official, and continue to play their talents in the professional life of the highest female official. Dress of female officials in Tang Dynasty. Li, (from 5) The female officials in the Tang Dynasty served the female officials above concubines, which was the lowest professional female official. Dian Bao, using a printer to praise Dian, using the palm to attract domestic and foreign maids to appear in front of Dian comb, and rubbing the comb with a palm towel. Ritual utensils, palm-respecting instruments, palm-fan umbrella lamps and candles. Canon, management of money in and out VII. Shangshi (five products) professional and technical female officials The imperial palace departments only serve the emperor, the queen and the fourth wife. There are six bureaus, six merchants and twenty-two divisions, and one commercial bureau: the minister is in charge of speech and publicity; Secretary, palm directory count; In the Tang Dynasty, female officials were in charge of the judiciary, pushing punishment in the palm format, and the head cabinet was in charge of the key points. Second, Shangyi Bureau, in charge of records, teaching history and writing several cases; Music, palm music; Spencer, responsible for receiving guests; Praise, praise, guide. Third, I am still the service bureau, in charge of the company seal and Jeff; Dress, palm coat; Division jewelry, palm hairpin swallow; In charge of fighting, in charge of garrison. In the Tang Dynasty, female officials were still in charge of the Grain Bureau for four days, so they were ashamed to be in charge of rice. Brewing, palm wine glycosyl; Teacher doctor, witch doctor; The company pays wages, and its hands are full of firewood. The fifth day is to sleep in the bureau, manage the department, manage the bed curtain and sweep the floor; Shi Yu, palm Yu umbrella fan, feather holding instrument; In the Tang Dynasty, female officials were in charge of gardens and planted vegetables and fruits in palm gardens. Stern, hold the candle. Sixth, it is still public, in charge of the department system, and in charge of creating tailors; Bao Si, in charge of money; Division color, palm silk; Weaving, palm weaving and dyeing. Eight, the command to be summoned, (four products), referred to as the ministries to be summoned female officials, only responsible for the emperor and queen. Female officials in the Tang Dynasty said: Shang Palace, Zhang Jian Queen, given by concubines. Second: Shang Yi, in charge of etiquette teaching. Three: a treasure. In the Tang Dynasty, the female official said, "It's still edible. Try it first." . Five: It's still bedtime, so take care of the mattress. Six: Work hard and win every battle. Nine, the highest female official leader in the inner court of the Supreme Palace (Sanpin) governs all female officials and maids, and has the power to raise and lower penalties. Ten, Mrs. Bao Sheng (Yipin) is the emperor's wet nurse, equivalent to the queen mother, above the fourth lady and below the queen, and there is a palace official in charge of rewards and punishments, records in documents and files, etc. , directly under the jurisdiction of the queen, and the highest female officials are female ministers (from the third grade), waitresses (from the fourth grade), women's history (from the fourth grade) and book history.

[Edit this paragraph] Crown Prince's official

Two good brothers, all three products; Six Liang Yuan people, four products; Ten people with badges and five items; Sixteen people in Zhao Xun are seven products; Twenty-four people are honored, which is the nine products. Two boudoir, from six products; All three divisions are like this. Take charge of the princess and imperial secretary's name book, and always take charge of books and banquets. There were three female officials in charge in the Tang Dynasty, from eight grades to nine palms. In charge of documents, keys, picketing and punishment. There are three women in history. There are three people in charge of books, namely calligraphy, classics, publicity, recitation, teaching, gifts, paper and pen. There are three women in history. There are three people in charge of the banquet, who are in charge of bedding, several cases, layout, flood sweeping and laying. There are two people in charge of etiquette. See Strict Palm, Sewing Palm and Hidden Palm. There were three male officials in the Tang Dynasty, who were in charge of jewelry, clothes, towels, combs, ointments, clothes and prevention. There are three women in history. Sew three people in the palm, and sew them in the palm. There are three women in history. Three people are in charge, wealth, jewelry and lottery. The two of them, who eat first and then taste, have always taken care of both food and medicine. Four women have criminal records. Take care of three people, shame, wine, candles, firewood and utensils. Four women have criminal records. There are three doctors in charge. They are in charge of prescriptions and excellent music. There are two women in history. There are three people in the palm garden, growing fruits and vegetables. There are two women with criminal records.