Politician Wang Anshi
In the second year of Li Qing (1042), Wang Anshi took the fourth place as a scholar, and successively signed books for Huainan (Yangzhou), Yinxian (now Ningbo, Zhejiang), Zhou Shu (now Buried Hill, Anhui) and other places to pass the verdict. He was transferred to Kaifeng as a judge of the animal husbandry department, and then transferred to Changzhou to raise officials and businessmen on Jiangnan East Road, which was called the third department. Years of experience as a local official made Wang Anshi realize that the root of social poverty in the Song Dynasty was merger, and the crisis faced by feudal rule in the Song Dynasty was "worrying about the country at home and not fearing barbarians abroad". Therefore, Wang Anshi called for a comprehensive reform of the written law since the early Song Dynasty in the book Yan Hong Shu written by Zhao Zhen of Song Renzong in the third year of Jiayou (1058) in order to reverse the situation of poverty and weakness. Take the example of Sima Yan, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty and Li Longji who only wanted to "relax" and did not seek reform, and finally fell down. Wang Anshi had a rare sense of urgency for reform, and shouted: "If the ancient times are accurate, the world can be peaceful and chaotic, and don't rush to today when possible", demanding immediate reform of the written law; Otherwise, the history of Huang Chao's death in the Tang Dynasty will repeat itself, and the Song Dynasty will also embark on the road of extinction. The feudal scholar-officials also placed high hopes on Wang Anshi and looked forward to his coming to power as soon as possible. At the beginning of Xining, Wang Anshi, as the attendant minister of Hanlin bachelor, discussed the way of governing the country with the young Song Shenzong Song Shenzong, which won the appreciation of Song Shenzong. In the second year of Xining (1069), Wang Anshi became a consultant in politics, and was promoted to prime minister the following year, and began to vigorously carry out reforms.
The purpose of Wang Anshi's political reform is to enrich Qiang Bing, so as to reverse the situation of poverty and weakness in the Northern Song Dynasty and consolidate the rule of the landlord class. Wang Anshi clearly put forward that financial management is the prime minister's first priority, expounded the relationship between politics and financial management, and pointed out that "politics is the principle of financial management, and financial management is the so-called righteousness." More importantly, before Wang Anshi came to power, he thought that only on the basis of developing production can the national financial problem be solved: "The wealth of the world is born with the strength of the world, and the wealth of the world is taken from the expense of the world." After Wang Anshi took office, he continued to play this view. He once pointed out: "Those who do nothing today are short of money, so I put financial management first", while "financial management is urgent for farmers, and farmers are eager to get rid of hardships, restrain mergers and promote agriculture". In this reform, Wang Anshi put the development of production in the first place as the top priority. In Wang Anshi's view, in order to develop production, the first thing is to "relieve (laborers) suffering, restrain mergers and take pleasure in agriculture", mobilize the enthusiasm of laborers, and bring those idle people back to the front line of production. Harvest depends on people, not on the sky. To achieve this goal, the state power needs to formulate corresponding principles and policies and carry out top-down reforms nationwide. Although Wang Anshi emphasized the leading role of state power in the reform, he disapproved of excessive state intervention in social production and economic life, opposed excessive patent collection, and put forward and adhered to the proposition and practice of "not too much monopoly law". Under the guidance of Wang Anshi's above thoughts, the reformists formulated and implemented a series of new laws, such as farmland water conservancy, young crops, exemption from labor, fair loss, easy market, exemption from money and mining tax system, and carried out extensive social reforms from agriculture to handicrafts, commerce and from rural areas to cities. At the same time, the reformists headed by Wang Anshi reformed the military system, improved the quality and combat effectiveness of the army, and strengthened control over the vast rural areas; In order to cultivate more talents needed by society, the imperial examination and school education system have also been reformed. The so-called Three Classics and New Meanings, such as Zhou, Yi Shu and Poetic Art written by Wang Anshi himself, have provided new teaching materials for school education reform.
Political reform goes against the interests of conservatives and is opposed by conservatives. So Wang Anshi and Ning JaeHee went on strike for the first time in seven years. In particular, due to the differences between Wang Anshi, the designer of the reform, and Song Shenzong, the supreme moderator of the reform, Wang Anshi could not get more support after reunification and could not continue the reform. Coupled with the internal division of the reformists, his son Wang Kan died, and Wang Anshi resigned as prime minister for the second time in the ninth year of JaeHee Ning, and has lived in jiangning house ever since. In the first year of Yuan You, Song Zhezong (1086), conservatives came to power, and all previous new laws were abolished. Wang Anshi was deeply disturbed by the reversal of the political situation. When he heard that the immunity law had also been abolished, he could not help but say with indignation, "Enough!" Soon, he died of depression.
Edit the historical evaluation of this paragraph.
There are many different comments on Wang Anshi's political reform in history. During the Northern Song Dynasty, opponents criticized it by modifying history. In the Southern Song Dynasty, the reform was once again characterized by the method of compiling history, and it was pointed out that Wang Anshi's reform led to the demise of the Northern Song Dynasty (it is said that the Southern Song Dynasty court wanted to shirk the responsibility of the royal family). Later generations made such judgments on its reform based on this, so that there were special satirical articles in the Song and Yuan Dynasties.
However, there are also scholars in Wang Anshi's hometown who argue because of their fellow villagers, such as Lu Jiuyuan.
From historical development to modern times, unprecedented changes have taken place in China, and the call for reform is increasing. Therefore, Wang Anshi's reform began to be positively evaluated. The main figures are Liang Qichao and Yan Fu, who started from the needs of social reality and called for the spirit of reform. Later, there were more and more studies on Wang Anshi's political reform, and it was not popularized until the Republic of China.
After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Wang Anshi was evaluated mainly from the perspective of class. Later, this method was gradually abolished, and his reform was from the perspective of specific interests. The main researchers are SJGH and Deng Guangming.
Overseas, Huang Renyu, a Chinese-American historian, believes that many of Wang Anshi's reforms involved large-scale commercial and digital management in China at that time, but they failed because of the lack of bureaucratic culture and related technical capabilities at that time.
In the second year of Zong Xining (1069), Wang Anshi began to implement the new law and adopted a series of reform measures. The following year, Sima Guang wrote a long letter of more than 3,300 words to Wang Anshi, listing the disadvantages of implementing the new law and demanding that Wang Anshi abandon the new law and restore the old system. "Reply to Sima's suggestion" is Wang Anshi's reply: "If I really blame myself for being in office for a long time and failing to help the people, then someone will know the crime. If you say that you should do nothing today, just do what you did before, it is beyond anyone's knowledge. " The so-called "don't be afraid of clouds to cover your eyes, you are at the highest level." It is a portrayal of Wang Anshi.
Wang Anshi's reform
Because he was deeply appreciated by Zongshen, in the second year of Xining (1069), Wang Anshi was appointed as a political adviser, and the next year he was promoted to prime minister, and began to vigorously promote political reform and reform. Wang Anshi clearly put forward that financial management is the prime minister's first priority, explained the relationship between political affairs and financial management, and thought that only on the basis of developing production can the national financial problems be solved well. After Wang Anshi took office, he continued to play this view. In the reform, he took the development of production as the top priority and put it in the first place. Although Wang Anshi emphasized the leading role of state power in the reform, he disapproved of excessive state intervention in social production and economic life, opposed excessive patent collection, and put forward and adhered to the proposition and practice of "not too much monopoly law". Under the guidance of Wang Anshi's above thoughts, the reformists formulated and implemented a series of new laws, from agriculture to handicrafts and commerce, and from rural areas to cities, and launched a wide range of social reforms. At the same time, the reformists headed by Wang Anshi reformed the military system, improved the quality and combat effectiveness of the army, and strengthened control over the vast rural areas; In order to cultivate more talents needed by society, the imperial examination and school education system have also been reformed. The political reform violated the interests of the big landlords and bureaucrats, and Empress Dowager Cixi, royalty and conservative scholar-officials joined forces to oppose the political reform. So in the seventh year of Yexining (1074), Wang Anshi went on strike for the first time. See you next year. Wang Anshi can't get more support after the resumption of the phase and can't carry out reform. In the ninth year of Xining (1076), he resigned as prime minister for the second time and has lived in jiangning house ever since. In the first year of Yuan You, Song Zhezong (1086), conservatives came to power, and all previous new laws were abolished. Wang Anshi died of depression soon.
Enlightenment from Wang Anshi's failure to edit this paragraph
After the failure of Wang Anshi's political reform, the victorious old party suddenly lost its opponent, so the literati could not unite as one, so they were divided into three factions: Luo Party, Shu Party and Shuo Party, and they abused each other for some trivial differences, even more fiercely than the struggle with the new party.
For the sake of the country's prosperity and economic prosperity, there were emperors and promising politicians in ancient China. They all tried to survive through reform, and experienced glory and failure. Among them, there are tragic heroes, famous ministers and emperors in history, and historical passers-by who have been complaining for ages.
In the third year of Jiayou (AD 1058), Wang Anshi was appointed as the judge of the Third Division. Feeling the poverty and weakness in the Northern Song Dynasty, he made a suggestion to Song Renzong: he demanded reform in order to be strong. Zhao Zhen is willing to stick to his guns, regardless of pioneering work, and is not interested in his suggestions. Until the second year of Xining (A.D. 1069) and the second year of Zongshen's accession to the throne, Wang Anshi was fond of studying Han Feizi since childhood, and Zhao Yong, who was keen on financial reform, was worshipped as a political adviser (deputy prime minister). The following year, he was promoted to Prime Minister and began to push the idea of political reform. Its laws of total loss, young crops, land tax, farmland water conservancy, tax exemption and easy market are beneficial to financial management and rich countries; Protecting horses and armor makes soldiers simple and convenient. Wang Anshi, with the good intention of "the people don't increase taxes and the country uses them to the best of its ability" and the determination of "things change without fear, people don't have enough to worry about, and the laws of their ancestors are not enough to keep", stopped talking twice and promoted the new law without avoiding difficulties and obstacles. As a result, he worked hard and got twice the result with half the effort. He did not succeed in the reform, but constantly struggled and split in his own camp under the opposition of many big bureaucrats. Because of the doubts and the intervention of Cao (wife of Injong), Gao (wife of Yingzong) and his wife Xiang, who are famous for their virtues, the political reform failed. In the tenth year of Xining (A.D. 1077), they stopped talking and gradually faded out of the political arena. Later, although the new party headed by Cai Jing continued to carry out the new law under the banner of Wang Anshi's political reform, the new law has become a tool for emerging bureaucratic groups to collect money and disturb the people, and set up a monument for the Yuan You Party to persecute the famous ministers who opposed the new law at that time, but it was also despised by the world because of corruption and profiteering, and eventually became a traitor who ruined the Northern Song Dynasty. It has been notorious for thousands of years, and Wang Anshi is also involved.
Good wishes and motives do not necessarily lead to good results. The failure of Wang Anshi's political reform can be used as a footnote to this thesis. Since ancient times, what we have to solve is actually four words "managing money and employing people". Financial management is the most basic requirement of political reform to enrich Qiang Bing. The employment of personnel is related to where the financial management has gone, and actually to the success or failure of political reform. Wang Anshi did not solve the problem of employing people. Therefore, his original intention is very good, and the measures cannot be said to be invalid, but they have not received the due results. Instead, it has become a tool for emerging bureaucratic groups to search for land and disturb the people, which runs counter to Wang Anshi's good intentions. Why on earth?
No matter how contemporary historians vilify Han Qi, Fu Bi, Sima Guang, Wen Yanbo, Fan Chunren, and even the Su Shi brothers who opposed the new law, we can't deny the fact that almost one generation of famous ministers in Song history were masters in other aspects, and their personal character was enough to shine for generations. Why did they all become opponents of Wang Anshi's political reform? In the history of empresses, how did a woman who had no more than half an inch of boudoir training, was sensible, such as Cao Hou and Gao Hou, and had unparalleled virtuous self-control join the opponents of the reform that was originally beneficial to Zhao's rule? It is unscientific, at least contrary to the historical facts, to simply use the big landlords and bureaucrats to unite against the new law focusing on restraining the merger of powerful countries for their own interests, which leads to the failure of the new law.
Throughout Wang Anshi's reform and employment, he basically implemented the cadre line of "opposing differences within the party". As long as he firmly supports the new law verbally and does not hesitate to overcorrect the backwardness of the new law, regardless of his character, moral integrity and whether or not he takes mind as the ultimate goal, he can learn from the benefits of many people humbly, endure humiliation and unite with his colleagues, and achieve the same goal by different routes. This is the object of Wang Anshi's trust and reuse. It is precisely these people, most of whom are motivated by political speculation, do not really support the political reform, but just use this shortcut to the south to achieve their career advancement. Ceng Bu was promoted to Shao Qing of Sinong Temple by Wang Anshi, who was in charge of the reform and was also a participant in the formulation of the Young Crop Law and the Market Change Law. However, under the unanimous opposition of the courtiers and the post-Party, when he wavered in the political reform, he joined hands with Wei Jizong, the initiator of another political reform, to strike a blow at Lu, another right-hand man of Wang Anshi who implemented this law. This shows the character of Ceng Bu and Wei Jizong. Han Jiang, the first three emissaries, advocated that official laws were harmful to farmers (Wang Anshi became prime minister for the first time and continued to implement the new laws), which had many differences with Lv Huiqing, Wang Anshi's right-hand man. After Wang Anshi joined forces, he was at odds with Wang Anshi in Yishi and resigned as the magistrate. Wang Anshi recommended Lu for the poetry company and was dissatisfied. The two sides have bad feelings from time to time, as Wang Anshi's son Kun knows. He only instructed Cheng Dengwan in his suggestion to impeach Lv Huiqing to buy land in Huating County by enriching the people's wealth, and the county collectors collected rent for "greed", which led to Lv Huiqing's strike, implicated Zhang Chun and made Wang Anshi lose his arms. Such an impromptu reformist whose personal conduct can always add reasons for criticism and impeachment, how can he not let Wang Anshi fall into the dilemma of internal and external affairs and fall into a dilemma?
Wu Chong, the Tang Dynasty envoy who succeeded Wang Anshi as prime minister, is Wang Anshi's children's in-laws, but he is unwilling to make new laws and take the lead in amending them. Wang Anshi's younger brother and Feng Jing, the son-in-law of the former prime minister, jointly wrote a letter attacking Lu's "theory of meeting the party." Sima Guang, who lived in Luoyang for four years, wrote down the disadvantages of the new law. First, young crops make people in debt and officials have no income. The second kind is people who collect money but don't serve and raise waves. Third, Garbo disturbs people's hearts. At least it touched on the fact that the new law was aggravated by officials in the implementation process, which made the law deteriorate. Wang Anshi, who has powerful political enemies outside and lax morality inside, can only lose his career. Where can he choose? At this point, the new law has become a tool for Cai Jing's six thieves (Gao Qiu, Tong Guan, Wang Fu, Zhu Myanmar and Li Yan) to collect money and harm the people, which has led to chaos in the world, and the people are miserable, with domestic troubles and foreign troubles coming one after another. Wang Anshi has been wronged for years!
Writer Wang Anshi
Wang Anshi is not only an outstanding politician, thinker, but also an outstanding writer. In order to realize his political ideal, he closely linked literary creation with political activities, emphasizing that the role of literature lies in serving the society first. He opposed the vague and powerless style of Yang Yi and Liu Yun of Quincy School, and thought that "the so-called writers are just doing something to make up for the world." The so-called resignation, there are still sculptures. Really be a clever fairy China, there is no need to apply it; If you apply it, you don't have to be smart and flashy. It should be application-oriented and painting-oriented. "It is precisely because Anshi regards the concept of" application "of" serving the world "as the foundation of literary creation that his works reveal the drawbacks of the times, reflect social contradictions and have a strong political color. Today, there are Wang Linchuan's collections, Linchuan's collections and Mr. Linchuan's songs.
Wang Anshi was one of the eight masters in Tang and Song Dynasties. His prose is vigorous and concise, extraordinary and steep. Most of them are essays in the form of books, tables, notes, preface, etc., which explain political opinions and opinions and serve the reform and innovation. These articles have clear views and profound analysis on current political or social issues. Long articles are horizontal but not concise, short ones are broken but not detailed. Quotations from Emperor Ren Shang is a masterpiece advocating social change. On the basis of in-depth analysis of the diplomatic dilemma of internal troubles and foreign invasion in the Northern Song Dynasty, it put forward a complete political reform proposal, which showed the author's progressive thought of "ruling the country from the people's diseases". "Nothing happened in this century", while describing and explaining the peaceful situation and reasons in the early Song Dynasty for more than a hundred years, pointed out sharply the social problems that were at stake at that time, expected the Sect to make political achievements, and thought that "the promising day is today". It played the overture of the government, which began in the second year. Answering Sima Zhi's remonstrance, he refuted Sima Guang's accusation that the new law invaded officials, caused trouble, demanded benefits and refused to remonstrate. It is short and clear, and its wording is appropriate, which reflects the author's firm and principled statesmanship. An Shi's political essays, whether long or short, are very rigorous in structure, excellent in thinking, thorough in reasoning and concise in language. "It only takes one or two sentences to wipe out a large number of others" (Liu Xizai's Art Outline). Text outline), with strong generality and logic. At this time, it played a positive role in promoting the political reform and consolidating the achievements of the poetry innovation movement in the Northern Song Dynasty. Some of Anshi's essays, such as GunShuo, Reading Biography, Biography of Book Assassin, Shang, etc., are well-known, with strong comments on characters, sharp writing style and rich feelings, giving people a fresh and clear feeling. He also has a part of landscape travel prose "The Creation of the City Pit Courtyard", which is concise, lively and labor-saving, just like Liu Zongyuan; A trip to Baochan Mountain not only records a trip, but also is very meaningful. The two are closely and naturally combined. Even if the abstract truth is vivid, it adds ideological depth to the specific notes and makes the layout flexible and tortuous.
Wang Anshi's poems can be roughly divided into early and late periods, with obvious differences in content and style. "Wang Jinggong is not so confident, so his poetic language is what he wants, and he is no longer so introverted ... Later, he became a group of shepherds, made a fake collection of poems in the Tang Dynasty from the Song Dynasty, and used it for reference. In his later years, he began to have a deep and unpretentious interest" (Ye Mengde's Shi Lin Shi Hua). The early poems are good at reasoning and have obvious tendencies, involving many important and sharp societies. The problem noticed the sufferings of the lower classes and made an unfair voice for them. Feelings, mergers, reinforcements, etc. Describe and prompt the weakness of the national situation or the corruption of internal affairs in the Song Dynasty from the political, economic and military aspects, point out the harm to the country and people caused by the annexation of land by big landlords and businessmen, and put forward the suggestion of "elite soldiers"; "Collecting Salt" and "Hebei People" reflect the tragic experience of the people being oppressed by the rulers at that time. "In the Examination Room" and "Examination Paper" directly criticized the imperial examination system of giving scholars poems, and demanded the use of talents who can contribute to the country; The new atmosphere and people's joy brought by the enthusiastic reform of Yuan Ri and Song Yuanfeng; Shang Yang and Jia Sheng, etc. By evaluating the merits and demerits of historical figures, their new viewpoints and progressive significance are expressed. An Shi's reclusive life in his later period contributed to his poetry creation. He lingered and reveled in the countryside, with a narrow theme, and a large number of poems about scenery and things replaced the previous political poems, expressing a leisurely interest. But artistic expression is perfect. "Elegant and exquisite, vulgar and unbearable, every irony will sink between the teeth and cheeks." Poems such as The Story of Poems in the Back of the Mountain, Boating in Guazhou, Flowers on the River, Plum Blossoms and Mr. Yin's Wall in the Book Lake are carefully observed, exquisitely carved, with distant and fresh artistic conception, showing praise and love for the beauty of nature, which has always been told by people.
As far as the poetic style is concerned, Anshi's ancient poems mostly use classics and arguments, but like Qu and Taoyuan Xing, they have novel ideas, rich feelings and rich imagination. Rhyme, on the other hand, is steady and appropriate, but sometimes it is inevitable to lose too much carving. Five musts and seven musts are especially famous. "Wang Banshan has many styles and is good at quatrains" (Hanting Poem) and "Gong Jing's quatrains are amazing in the world" (Boat House Poem). His poems have great influence on contemporary and later generations, and are called "Wang Gong Jing Style" (Yan Yu's Poems on Canglang).
There are about twenty poems written by An Shi today. Although he is not a famous poet, his "works are thin and elegant, washing away the old habits of the Five Dynasties" (Liu Xizai's "Art, Ci and Qulue"). The word "Gui Zhi Xiang Jin Mausoleum Nostalgia" reveals the decadent life of the ruling class in the Six Dynasties by describing the magnificent scenery and homesickness of Jinling (now Nanjing, Jiangsu), and is known as the swan song of ancient times. Coupled with Fan Zhongyan's "Fisherman's Passion" and "Qiu Lai's Unique Scenery", Su Dongpo's bold voice was opened, which had a good influence on later ci circles.
From the literary point of view, Anshi's works have made outstanding achievements in poetry, prose and ci. The poetry innovation movement in the mid-Northern Song Dynasty was vigorously promoted by him, which contributed to sweeping away the glitz and splendor that was all the rage in the early Song Dynasty. However, An Shi's literary thought overemphasizes "practicality" and often underestimates the role of art forms. Many of his poems often show that the elements of argument and reasoning are too heavy, thin and stiff, and lack image and charm. There are also some poems about Buddhism, which are obscure and dry, but they are also a star in the history of China's poetry.
Edit this collection of Wang Anshi's Ci.
Selected poems of Wang Anshi
Word: The fisherman of South Xiangzi in Huanxi was proud of the Bodhisattva Xia, Guizhixiang, and in the autumn, he led the Bodhisattva Xia to hurt Zhong Yong.
Poems: Qu Ershu, Mr. Hu Yin, Bi Yuan, Riqi, boarding Feilaifeng, Guazhou, Xue Zhaoming, gambling on plum blossom poems, losing a Spring Festival Evening in Beishan Gexi to show Chang 'an Jun.
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Huanxisha
A hundred acres of atrium is half covered with moss, and the white water in front of the door is lingering. How many people can come to Aixian?
The cloister in the small courtyard is quiet in spring, and there are two or three apricot trees in Shantaoxi. For who? For who?
Nanxiangzi
Since ancient times, the empire has flourished. This is a dream for 400 years. It's sad. Kim's clothes are ancient dust.
Swim around the water and try your best to go upstairs. Mo Wen, a former leisure gentleman, turned around and the Yangtze River flowed freely outside the sill.
Yujiaao
The small bridge on the flat river bank is surrounded by thousands of flowers and plants. There are some windows in the hut. Before the dust comes, there will always be a spring breeze to clean it.
Sleeping in the afternoon is like getting up early and listening to chickens crow. It suddenly occurred to me that an old friend is always old today. I am greedy for dreams, but I forget Handan Road.
Bodhisattva is beautiful
A few huts are idle by the water, and light shirts and short hats are hung on the willow branches. What dynasty is it today? Look at the redundant stone bridge.
But tonight's new moon is lying on the top of the tree. I drank a cup of drunk wine at noon until I woke up that night. What's the most important? One or two orioles.
Chinese cinnamon
This is the late autumn in the ancient country, and the weather is very early. Thousands of miles are like a river, like clusters of Qingfeng.
Sailing towards the sunset, leaning against the west wind and leaning against the wine flag.
The colorful boat is cloudy, and the Milky Way heron rises, which is difficult to draw.
Miss the past, compete for prosperity, sigh outside the door, and continue to hate.
Throughout the ages, depending on the level, share weal and woe. The past of the Six Dynasties flows with the water, cold smoke and green grass.
Today, business women still sing from time to time, leaving a legacy in the backyard.
Qian Qiu Suiyin
Don't pavilion cold anvil, lonely city painting angle, a school of autumn sound into the boundless.
Oriental geese walk from the sea, while southern geese fall into the sand.
Typhoon Zhu, just like yesterday.
Helpless bound by some fame and fortune! Helpless by it!
Unfortunately, romance is always idle! At the beginning,
Now you've missed my date with Qin Lou. The dream has stopped. When you wake up, think again.
Bodhisattvas choose poems from different poets to form a poem.
Begonia hair is always close to the water and the moon comes first. Do you know what the flowers here look like? The cool moon turns white one after another, and the fragrant wind smells from the other side.
The yellow bird is close, and the sound on the other side is corresponding. Sit on the raspberry moss and have a glass of red wine.
Two songs by Fei Ming
one
When Princess Ming first left the Han Palace, her eyes were moist.
There's nothing Wang can do about it.
When you come back, you will complain about Dan Qing's hand. I've seen it in my life.
I couldn't understand the meaning, so I killed Mao Yanshou for nothing.
Go and know it, don't return, pity the Han palace clothes;
Send a voice to ask Sanan, only geese fly every year.
Wan Li, a family member, sent a message. Fortunately, Mo Xiang remembered being in the felt city.
Don't you see that Nagato and Gillian are very close? There is no difference between north and south in life.
Secondly,
Princess Ming first married Hu Er, and all the carpets were Hu Ji.
Erotic language has no place to live, and it spreads to pipa.
The golden pole stirred his hand and tried to persuade Hu to drink.
The maid-in-waiting in the Han palace wept, and the pedestrians on the sand looked back.
Hann is shallow and deep, and he has known each other all his life.
Poor Qingling is gone, and still has the strings of mourning music.
Book Lake, Yinxian County, Bi Sheng
Grass eaves are long and quiet without moss, and flowers and trees are planted by hand.
One water protects the field and surrounds the green, and two mountains send green.
The first day of the lunar month
The roar of firecrackers, the old year has passed; The warm spring breeze ushered in the New Year, and people happily drank the newly brewed Tu Su wine.
Thousands of families always trade new peaches for old ones.
chess
Don't disturb the truth with drama, you can win with me.
After the war, two piles were divided into white and black, and one pile was a loss.
Dengfeilai peak
Fly to the top of Chihiro Tower, hear the cock crow and the sun rise.
As written in a China poem, we are not afraid of dark clouds covering our sight, because we are already on the top of the mountain.
Berthing Guazhou
Jingkou and Guazhou are just separated by a water, and Zhongshan has only a few heavy green mountains.
Jiang Nanan spring breeze is green, when will the bright moon shine on me?
Playing chess with Xue Zhaoming, I lost a plum blossom poem.
Fahua looks for spring and likes to see Mei, which is a pile of snow on the road.
Fengcheng Nanmo remembers its year, and it is difficult to come with the post.
Spring night
The golden stove is full of lingering fragrance, and the breeze is cold.
Spring bothers me that I can't sleep, and the moon moves the railing.
Beishan
Beishan lost its green color and went straight to the pond.
Counting the fallen flowers because I have been sitting for a long time, I found that the grass is already late.
Ge xiyi
The moon is in a daze, and Yi Deng shines on the autumn bed.
Feel the wind and dew early when you are sick, and I don't know how long the mountains and rivers are.
I feel generous when I am old, but I feel sad when I look at the world.
Cicada is even more confusing to pedestrians' ears, holding semi-yellow sparse tung leaves.
Show it often.
It is not easy for teenagers to leave, but it is a pity to meet again when they are old.
Fur cups and plates are for laughter, and dim light is for life.
Three years of self-pity for the lake and the sea, a thousand miles in the dust and sand.
I want to know when the later period is, and I want to see Yan Nanzheng when I deliver the book.
Late steps in Zhongshan
Light rain, light wind, fallen English flowers, as thin as snow and as flat as sand. Jiangcun Road, Park Hedgehog Bamboo House, when I saw Yicheng selling restaurants.
Chinese plum
There are some plums in the corner, and cold ling opens them alone.
I knew from a distance that it wasn't snow, because there was a smell coming.
Gudong
Heaven is naturally dense and lonely. Ling Xiao is indomitable, humble and polite.
Old roots are strong, and the sun is more cloudy. Think about it tomorrow. I want to play the banjo.
Xie Gongdun
Pay all the expenses? What's the shame?
New Year's Eve
The moon reflects the forest pond, and the wind laughs and cools. Look down at the green net and stand in the fragrance. Take the young to find the new, help the poor and set sail. After a long time, cherish the streamer at the end of the year.
Mountain travel
Write the shallow scenery clearly and wear the green shade. All flat heads are Chu, and long ears are Wu Yin. The twilight is beautiful, and the cold spring is still good. Who agrees with this true meaning, tired birds also search.
Shang Zhong Yong
Fang Zhongyong, a native of Jinxi, is cultivated in the world. Zhong Yongsheng lived for five years and didn't understand books and tools. Suddenly he cried for it. The father, on the other hand, borrowed from the side and approached it, that is, four sentences of books and poems, which were named after themselves. His poems were written for adoptive parents and families and passed down to a scholar in a township. Nature refers to things as poetry, and its arts and sciences are considerable. People in the city are very surprised. They are a little nicer to their father or beg with coins. My father's interest is natural, and he will always pay tribute to the city people and let him be ignorant.
I've been listening for a long time. In Ming Dow, it has been twelve or thirteen years since our ancestors went home and saw them at my uncle's house. To write a poem, you can't call it the smell of the past. After another seven years, I returned to Yangzhou and asked my uncle how he was. He said, "Everyone has left."
The prince said, "Zhong Yong's understanding is also accepted by God. It is also blessed, far more virtuous than talents. If a chess piece is owned by everyone, it will not be influenced by others. He is a man who receives heaven, so he is a saint, and he who does not receive heaven is for all; Today's husband is not subject to heaven, and he is not subject to heaven, only for everyone.
Topic Portrait of Wei Jia Gong Dan
Wang Song Anshi
The hero Xuanhe was in the Three Dynasties, and he helped Han Tiao calmly by means of tactics.
Confucianism served as prime minister early, and the crown was inserted into the mink.
After opening the Six Pagodas, the refugees recovered and the Ganling rebellion disappeared.
A portrait is still empty, and I know the weather vane here in those days.
-Quoted from Nanpi County Records, p. 775.
Poetry criticism
As far as the poetic style is concerned, Anshi's ancient poems mostly use classics and arguments, but like Qu and Taoyuan Xing, they have novel ideas, rich feelings and rich imagination. Rhyme, on the other hand, is steady and appropriate, but sometimes it is inevitable to lose too much carving. Five musts and seven musts are especially famous. "Wang Banshan has many styles and is good at quatrains" (Hanting Poem) and "Gong Jing's quatrains are amazing in the world" (Boat House Poem). His poems have great influence on contemporary and later generations, and are called "Wang Gong Jing Style" (Yan Yu's Poems on Canglang).
In Jinling, there are more than 30 people who send osmanthus fragrance, but Wang is the swan song. Dongpo saw it and sighed, "This old man is a wild fox!" Write: "The old country is in late autumn and the weather is early. Thousands of miles are like a river, like clusters of Qingfeng. Sailing towards the sunset, leaning against the west wind and leaning against the wine flag. The colorful boat is cloudy, and the heron rises to the milky way, which is difficult to figure out.
Miss the past, compete for prosperity, sigh outside the door, and continue to hate. Throughout the ages, depending on the level, share weal and woe. The past of the Six Dynasties flowed with the water, and the cold smoke faded the grass. Today, business women still sing from time to time, leaving a legacy in the backyard. "
Wang Anshi chronology