Birthplace: Liemai Township, Zi Long County, Shannan Province.

Lu Dongzan (? -667), namely, Xue Ludong Zan and (female worker) Ludong Zan; Tibetan is called Zanyusong in Galdon or Zanyusong in Galdon.

Da Lun of Tubo Dynasty in Tang Dynasty. (Mi Gongnv) Stone, one is. I don't know how to write. Ming Yi, who is good at using troops, participated in the military and political plan of Tubo. "Tubo and Qiang are United, dominating the place and seeking more."

Lu Dongzan's full name is Gail Dongzan, and there are different records in China's history books, such as "Xue Dongzan" and "Zhu Dongzan". (See Taiping Universe, Tongdian and Tang respectively. ) Born in the royal family, he was born in a place called "Chongsa" (meaning birthplace) in Lemai Township, Zi Long County, Shannan today. The exact date of birth is unknown.

According to Ming Ji, Lu Dongzan "knows nothing about literary records, but his nature is clear and resolute." When it comes to training, it is elegant and temperate. Tubo and Qiang unite to dominate the local area, and there are many plots. "(The Biography of Tubo in Old Tang Dynasty (volume 196, biography 146, volume 16, page 52 19). At the beginning of his accession to the throne, Songzan Gambu was ordered to speak out, assist Zampa in managing state affairs, unify Qiang tribes, expand territory, create a legal system, consolidate kingship, and participate in Tubo military and political plans; Carry out major political and economic changes at home, such as eliminating traitors, dividing Guiyong (that is, distinguishing samurai from slave class), checking household registration, delimiting fields and acres, establishing official documents, levying taxes, etc. Calm down the resistance of various ministries and commissions and so on. In particular, he advocated keeping close contact with the Tang Dynasty and neighboring Nepal, and personally sent envoys to Chang 'an for many times. In the 13th year of Tang Zhenguan (639), Nipolo was invited to attend Songzan Gambu. The following year (640) was A Brief History of Guelton Zan, The Life of Songzan Gambu and The Welcome of Princess Wencheng in Tang Dynasty. Lu Dongzan led a delegation to propose to Chang 'an, Tang Dou with a large amount of gold and jewels. Unexpectedly, Tianzhu, Dashi, Zhong Gesar and Wang Ting also sent messengers to propose marriage, hoping to welcome the virtuous Princess Wencheng back to be his concubine. Therefore, both Emperor Taizong and Li Shimin were embarrassed. In order to be fair and reasonable, he decided to let the marriage envoys compete for wisdom. Whoever wins can welcome the princess. This is a brief introduction of Galdon Zan, the "Six Ambassadors for Trial Marriage" in history, and the "Five Ambassadors for Trial Marriage". The murals depicting this story are well preserved in Jokhang Temple and Potala Palace.

The first attempt: satin wears a zigzag pearl, that is, a soft satin (Han Yu) passes through the zigzag hole of the pearl. At the beginning of the game, due to the powerful influence of Tubo diplomats, I took it first and racked my brains, but I didn't get through several times. The clever Lu Dongzan sat under a big tree and came up with an idea. I happened to find a big ant, so he had a brainwave and found a silk thread. He tied one end of the silk thread around the ant's waist and sewed the other end on the satin. Put honey at one end of the serrated hole and ants at the other end. When ants smell the fragrance of honey, with the help of Lu Dongzan's blowing force, they slowly climb out from the other side along the winding hole with silk thread, and the satin also passes through the winding pearl with the silk thread.

The second test: identify the mother-child relationship between one hundred mares and one hundred foals. The game started, but I saw the wedding envoys take turns to identify each other. Some are scored by total value, some are matched by age, and some are compared by height, but they are all wrong. Finally, it was Lu Dongzan's turn to be guided by the groom. He kept all the mares and foals separately, and only fed the foals without drinking water for a day. The next day, these foals were publicly released into the herd. They are reluctant to drink, and soon they all find their mothers to nurse, so it is easy to determine the relationship between mother and child. Then, Emperor Taizong Li Shizong gave a question to identify the mother-child relationship between 100 chickens and 100 hens. This incident stumped other wedding envoys again, and no one could identify it clearly. Lu Dongzan drove Jishan to the square and sprinkled a lot of vegetables. As soon as the hen saw the food, she called the chickens to eat, but most of them ran to their mother's neck and pecked. But there are still some naughty chicks who don't listen to the call and run around for food, so Lu Dongzan learned the kite's cry "Qu Jiu-Er-Qu Jiu-Er-". When the chick heard this, she believed it and quickly hid under her mother's wings. The relationship between the hen and the chick was confirmed again.

The third test: it is stipulated that 100 suitors should drink 100 altar wine, eat 100 sheep and knead the sheepskin in one day. At the beginning of the game, other messengers and followers slaughtered the sheep in a hurry, and the ground was covered with fur and blood; Then drink in a big bowl and eat meat. When the meat is not finished, people are as drunk as a fiddler and can't afford to rub the skin. Lu Dongzan lined up the hundred knights who followed him to kill sheep, sipped wine in order, ate meat in small pieces, rubbed the skin while eating, and ate and drank. In less than a day, the envoys of Tubo finished drinking, eating meat and rubbing their skins.

The fourth test: The Emperor of the Tang Dynasty gave the envoy a hundred pieces of pine, so that Guelton Zanyusong could distinguish its roots and buds. Gail then had all the wood transported to the river and thrown into the water. The roots of the wood are slightly heavier and sink into the water, while the tops of the trees are lighter but float on the water. The roots of wood are obvious.

The fifth test: Don't get lost in and out of the Palace at night (it is said that you can still recognize the door in Vientiane Gate in Shi Jing). One night, a big drum suddenly sounded in the palace, and the emperor called messengers from all walks of life to the palace to discuss things. Lu Dongzan thought that he had just arrived in Chang 'an and was not familiar with the road. In order not to get lost, he marked the key road sections with the word "Tian" (or colored it). When they arrived at the palace, the emperor told them to go back immediately to see who wouldn't take the wrong way back to their residence. As a result, Lu Dongzan won again with his own marks made in advance.

The sixth test: identify the princess. On this day, Tang Taizong, Li Shimin and other ministers came to the front of the temple and took the exam in person. But I saw 300 (or 500 or 2500) ladies-in-waiting dressed in gorgeous clothes, lined up from the palace in two teams in turn, just like 300 immortals floating through the air, light, chic and handsome, dazzling. None of the other messengers knew or who Princess Wencheng was. Only Lu Dongzan knows her physical characteristics, because she was instructed by the Han grandmother who served the princess in advance: elegant posture, fair complexion, bright eyes, firm and gentle personality, dice pattern on her right cheek, lotus pattern on her left cheek, Huang Dan circle on her forehead, white and delicate teeth and fragrant mouth. After repeated identification, Lu Dongzan finally recognized the sixth princess on the left. (See sager Sonanjian's Zan, Jin Gyeong's English translation of wangtong's Family Matrix 8 1-87, Liaoning People's Publishing House. 1985 version; The Fifth Lama * * *, translated by Guo Heqing * * Wang Tongji 3 1-33, Ethnic Publishing House, 1982; History of Tibetan Literature, 29-30 pages, Sichuan Nationalities Publishing House, 1985 edition. )

After the trial marriage, Emperor Taizong was very happy. He married the beautiful and versatile Princess Wencheng to Songzan Gambu, the leader of Tubo. Lu Dongzan finally completed the mission of marrying the bride, which has become a story to celebrate the marriage between Tibetan and Chinese for thousands of years. Therefore, Emperor Taizong attached great importance to Lu Dongzan's talent and named him "the right-back general", hoping to keep him in Chang 'an for a long time by marrying Duan, the granddaughter of princess royal. However, Lu Dongzan said, "I have a wife in the country who was hired by my parents. I can't bear to be a good person. Zampa didn't marry the princess, so he dared to marry the minister. " He politely declined the kindness of Emperor Taizong and insisted on returning to his native land. Later, after Emperor Taizong cut Liaodong, Lu Dongzan went to Chang 'an to pay tribute on the orders of Songzan Gambu, and made the statement that "geese fly faster than your majesty" and "geese are crouching, geese are still alive, pretending to be golden geese". Lu Dongzan brought a golden goose that was seven feet tall and could hold three bottles of wine, which reflected the close relationship between Fan and the Tang Dynasty and the important role played by Lu Dongzan.

In the first year of Yonghui in Tang Gaozong (650), after the death of Songzan Gambu (son Songgongzan died first), the Tubo throne was inherited by his grandson Munzan. Because of his youth, the regime was continued by Lu Dongzan, the great minister in charge of the Tubo military and political affairs. He faithfully carried out the established national policy of Songzan Gambu's friendship with the Tang Dynasty and the consolidation of imperial power. Prior to this, in the eighth year of Zhenguan (625), the unrest in Luobu, a Tibetan native, was quelled; Yonghui five years (654 years); Call * * * to discuss * * * business; The following year (655), Tubo regulations were written; In the third year of Xianqing (658), on the orders of Man Mangzan, he presented Jin Ang and Jin Polo to ask for remarriage. After the whole territory of Tubo was pacified, the following year, Lu Dongzan led an army of 654.38+0.2 million to attack Bailan (living in Dulan, Balong or Guoluo and Yushu areas in Qaidam Basin, Qinghai). In the fifth year of Xianqing (660), he ordered his son Qin Ling to lead the troops to attack Tuguhun; Three years later (in 663), Lu Dongzan relied on Su, the minister who defected to Tuyuhun, and personally led the troops to destroy Tuyuhun. Wang Murong Nuo of Heyuan and Princess Honghua led the remnants of Tuyuhun to Liangzhou. In the first year of Xianheng (670), the Tang Dynasty was at war with Tubo because of Tuyuhun. The Tubo forces gradually grew, and later "captured all the land of the Tangut and Qiang people, which was connected with the state of Wei in the east;" There are Tianzhu in the south; The west also captured four towns, including Qiuci and Shule; Arrive in northern Turkey. That place is over ten thousand miles. Since the Han and Wei Dynasties, Xirong has not flourished. " (Book House Yuan Gui, Volume 1, edited by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, p. 9. 1 1733. )

In the first year of Yifeng (676), Lu Dongzan died of neck gangrene in Hibu. In order to remember his brilliant achievements, later generations commemorated him in many ways, among which his image was reproduced in the form of art works (including long murals and paintings), the most famous of which was the famous painter Yan's "Walking Map" in the Tang Dynasty. In the picture, Lu Dongzan, with thick eyebrows, high nose and unusually thick sideburns, dressed in a beast robe, soap boots and a headscarf, accompanied by officials from the Ministry of Rites in the Tang Dynasty and translators, proposed to Songzan Gambu and walked into Li Shimin, a Tang Shizong sitting on the steps. But I saw Lu Dongzan leaning forward slightly, his feet together, his hands arched and saluted, and he looked humble. His frowning brows and bright eyes reveal his farsighted spirit, and he is good at sizing up the situation and promoting national friendship.

After the death of Lu Dongzan, his five sons (Changzan, early death; The second Qin mausoleum; Second, praise women; Learn more and do more; Qin Mausoleum, the second son of the Erbo Theory, inherited his father's footsteps and became a Tubo university student in the first year of Wu Zetian's hanging arch (685), holding the power of the army and horses, and his brothers, sons and nephews were divided, forming a powerful Lu ruling network. Lu Dongzan and his son have been in charge of Tibetan national politics for half a century.