Shuimozi
Water foam, also known as water foam jade, is mainly composed of albite and quartzite, which is very similar to colorless glass jade and is known as a killer fake in the jade industry. As early as a few decades ago, many colleagues in China were deceived, and the largest sum reached tens of millions of yuan. In recent years, due to the popularization of jade knowledge, everyone is guessing the difference between water jade and glass jade.
The origin of the name water foam is quite interesting. Generally, water foam contains white cotton, which is an important feature to identify water foam with naked eyes. The refractive index and density of water foam are different from those of jadeite, and the density is slightly less than that of jadeite. Experienced jade practitioners can feel the density difference between the two, but they are all limited to larger water droplets. The author once met several small ring faces in Wacheng, Myanmar, such as colorless glass jadeite, which has excellent composition. The price is very attractive, but the luster is not the same as that of jade. There is also cotton similar to "foam" in it. In fact, Burmese people sell foam as jade.
Common water droplets are colorless and transparent, similar to glass jadeite. In fact, water droplets also have other colors, such as yellow jade and floating blue. In Baoshan, Yunnan, I have seen a kind of bracelet core material cut by water foam, with gray background and blue flowers. This kind of colored water foam is very confusing and can be confused with the real thing, which is extremely difficult to distinguish. Even a master who has been in the business for many years can easily confuse it with jade.
Agate (chalcedony)
Agate is a chalcedony mineral. There is a saying that there are thousands of agates and thousands of jadeites. People call those with banded structure and rich colors "agate" and those without banded structure "chalcedony". Agate is one of the seven treasures of Buddhism, which widely exists in nature and has many producing areas, such as South Red Agate in Baoshan, Yunnan, Liangshan, Sichuan, and Rainflower Stone in Nanjing. Agate is very rich in color, among which red agate, yellow agate and brown agate are very close to red and yellow jadeite.
The density of agate is slightly smaller than that of jadeite, and the agate stone is 2.65g/? 3; , jade is 3.33g/? 3; . Agate is slightly harder than jadeite. The Mohs hardness of agate is 7 ~ 7.5, and that of jadeite is 6.5 ~ 7. 1. Although the hardness is higher than that of jadeite, agate is brittle and more fragile than jadeite. Jade and agate with the same shape fall to the ground, and agate is more easily damaged than jade.
Agate generally has a banded structure, and the color trend is relatively regular, such as strip, concentric circle, cloud, dendritic and so on. , and the texture of the emerald color root is completely different. The color roots of jadeite are irregular, and there will be no geometric patterns and textures. In order to distinguish chalcedony or agate without discoloration from jadeite, it is necessary to identify it from other aspects.
Huang Longyu was originally called yellow wax stone. In the eyes of local people, it has the color of Tian Huang, the hardness of jade, good hardness, high transparency and rich colors. Because it is produced in Longling, it is mainly yellow. Therefore, it was finally named Huang Longyu; The national standard "Name of Jewelry and Jade" (GB/T 1 6552-2010) 2011Feb, this topaz in Baoshan, Yunnan Province was named Huang Longyu in the standard.
Most agates have wax-like luster, and some also have glass-like luster. Take Nanhong as an example. Some Nanhong are wax-like crowns similar to Hetian jade, while others have glass luster and sufficient water head. But generally speaking, the glass luster of agate is softer than that of jade, which is also an important difference between the two. Some jadeites are produced in Damakan Pass, Myanmar. They are well hydroponic, with delicate foundation and agate luster. It's called agate jade, but its composition is still jade.
jasper
Jasper is a kind of Hetian jade, which belongs to nephrite. Hotan jade, which is commonly produced in Xinjiang, Russia and Canada, is also very popular in recent years. The density of jasper is close to that of jadeite, which is 3.00 g/? 3; And the density of jadeite is 3.33 g/? 3; . The color of jasper is very close to that of green jade, especially oily green jade. Generally, the color of jadeite is bright emerald green, while jasper is dark dark green. The color of jadeite is uneven, and there are often changes in depth and tone. The color of jasper will also change, generally in different shades, and the tone will not change.
Jade is glass luster, and jasper is wax luster. After wearing for a long time, you can see the obvious oily luster. From the visual point of view, jadeite is glass luster with strong surface reflection, while jasper is weak in luster and oily. This is also an important way to distinguish jasper from jadeite.
Similar to jasper, there is Hetian Moyu, which is very close to the ink in jadeite. It looks black from the outside, and when it is lit, it appears emerald green. To correctly distinguish jet from jet, it is necessary to observe the surface gloss. Jet is oily, jet is glassy. Dark green with poor color and flying wing structure on the surface is also one of the remarkable characteristics of jadeite.
Water green garnet
Hydrogrossular is called a "tumbler" by Myanmar, which is easily confused with jade, and can be called a "super killer" in the jade industry. Some hydrogrossular can confuse the real with the fake, and even experts in the jade industry find it difficult to distinguish them. A well-known jewelry listed company accidentally sold hydrogrossular as jade. Consumers found that the jade they bought was actually hydrogrossular after identification, so they complained, which caused a lot of losses to the company's brand.
Hydrogrossular is a polycrystalline aggregate of calcium-aluminum garnet, which is glassy, translucent, slightly transparent and generally transparent, and easily mixed with jadeite with dry foundation. Green hydrogrossular has a granular structure, which is different from the fibrous and granular metamorphic structure of jadeite. There is a great difference in color distribution. There are black spots on the green hydrogrossular. If you zoom in, you can see the black spots.
Hydrogrossular has a Mohs hardness of 6.5 ~ 7.0 and a density of 3. 15 ~ 3.55g/? 3; Very close to the hardness and density of jadeite. Around 2004, a yellow hydrogrossular appeared in the jade market, with delicate texture. If it is made into a torus, it will be more difficult to distinguish. It is characterized by invisible particles, uniform color and stronger luster than ordinary jadeite, which is very similar to high-grade jadeite.
There are many jades similar to jadeite, besides foam, agate, jasper and hydrogarnet, there are also Australian jade, Dongling jade, xiuyan jade and dushan jade. To correctly distinguish these jadeites, it is mainly to look at the contrast. If you are not sure whether it is natural jade, you must make an appraisal, and the appraisal certificate is the standard answer.