Edit this paragraph history
Archaeological data show that as early as 3,500 years ago, during the Yin and Shang Dynasties, the jade produced in Kunlun Mountain had been introduced to the Central Plains. After the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Hetian jade gradually became the main jade used by emperors, princes and nobles, and most of them were collected materials. Mountain materials were used in the Yuan Dynasty, and the output of mountain materials has greatly exceeded that of sub-materials since the Qing Dynasty. Sheep fat white jade has attracted much attention since ancient times. This is the best jade, very precious. It not only symbolizes the gentleman's moral character of "benevolence, righteousness, wisdom, courage and purity", but also symbolizes the secular feelings of "beauty, preciousness, auspiciousness, gentleness and tranquility". In ancient times, emperors and generals were qualified to wear exquisite white jade. Archaeological facts prove that many ancient emperors exchanged jade seals for white jade. In the collections of many local museums, all historical relics carved from white jade materials are regarded as "national treasures". For example, the "Empress Seal" unearthed in the Western Han Dynasty was carved with flawless white jade. Sheep fat white jade bracelet
The late Xia Nai, a famous national archaeologist, once said in his article: "Jade in the Han Dynasty ... ivory suet jade increased greatly." Physical proof refers to the white jade of aquatic plants, fat sheep and sheep in Han Dynasty. This fully proves from theory to practice that suet white jade is crystal clear and flawless. Its characteristics are particularly white, bright, moist, thin and greasy. The best white jade is flawless, and the best is "as white as fat", that is, fat like fat mutton just cut. Its hardness is 6 to 6.5, second only to jadeite. Because of its high hardness, it was buried for more than 2000 years, but it was not completely wet. The soft part is chicken bone white, the hard part is china white, and all parts are "aging". It is not as white as it used to be. This is not a problem, but the characteristics of unearthed ancient jade. After more than 2,000 years of water and soil immersion, the white sheep fat jade is hard and dense, and it is as warm as ever, which is its value and its value. This kind of suet white jade, the white jade of Han dynasty, has "rice seepage" in its muscles, so it is difficult for future generations to imitate it and can only be made naturally. Blue and white jade in Ming and Qing dynasties has no "rice infiltration".
Edit this paragraph category
Hetian jade is divided into "seed jade" and "mountain material". The so-called "young jade" was fished out of the Yu Xia River in Kunlun Mountain. This kind of "jade" is delicate, moist and glossy as fat. Some "young jade" muscles contain "rice seepage", like a white rice to be melted, which is one of the texture characteristics of aquatic white jade; Others have all kinds of skin because they have been soaked in water and sand for a long time. This kind of "young jade" is superior to mountain material and extremely rare. Mountain material, white as fat is rare. According to relevant data, Hetian jade gradually became the main jade material after the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, and all of them were collected samples. It was not until the Qing Dynasty that mountain materials were adopted. Sheep fat white jade has always been valued, but it is extremely rare in the world. It is the best jade, and the price is very precious. White jade not only symbolizes purity, nobility and gentleness, but also symbolizes auspiciousness and tranquility. The ancients said, "Wen Renren!" In ancient times, only after the queen had sheep fat, white jade and magnolia flower-shaped seed materials.
Qualified to wear fine white jade. It has been proved that the western Han dynasty imperial seal is a special jade material for white sheep fat in Han dynasty. For example, the "Queen's Seal" of the Western Han Dynasty, which has been designated as a "national treasure" by the state, is carved from white jade with flawless suet. Sheep fat white jade has attracted much attention since ancient times. This is the best jade, very precious. It not only symbolizes the gentleman's moral character of "benevolence, righteousness, wisdom, courage and purity", but also symbolizes the secular feelings of "beauty, preciousness, auspiciousness, gentleness and tranquility". In ancient times, emperors and generals were qualified to wear exquisite white jade. Archaeological facts prove that many ancient emperors exchanged jade seals for white jade. In the collections of many local museums, all historical relics carved from white jade materials are regarded as "national treasures". For example, the "Empress Seal" unearthed in the Western Han Dynasty was carved with flawless white jade.
Edit this paragraph to identify
Sheep fat white jade is a gem-grade material in Hetian jade, and it is the best in white jade. It has the best luster and texture, and its characteristics are: moist, dense, pure, white and flawless, like solidified fat, hence the name. The easiest way to distinguish this kind of jade from ordinary white jade is to watch it under white fluorescent lamp. Facing the fluorescent lamp, the suet white jade is white and transparent, and it has a feeling of powder fog. The general white jade, although translucent to the fluorescent lamp, has no sense of powder fog. The biggest difference between the two is that white jade is white to the naked eye regardless of its grade, but there must be different shades of light yellow under the fluorescent lamp, so if there is a trace of light yellow under the fluorescent lamp, it cannot be called sheep fat white jade. It is absolutely impossible for rare sheep fat jade to contain any impurities. The identification points of sheep fat jade must meet five aspects, namely, pure texture, fine structure, sufficient head, white sheep fat and heavy oil.
Pure texture
The tremolite mineral content in sheep fat jade reaches 99%. Sheep fat jade exists in the most perfect area of wall rock alteration. When the contact between granodiorite and dolomite produces a series of contact metamorphic rock series, dolomite becomes dolomite marble, and hydrothermal solution passes through the structural fracture channel of dolomite marble in the late magmatic period, and metasomatism occurs to form tremolite. The surrounding rock has been eroded and deformed into three lithofacies: dolomite marble-tremolite dolomite marble-tremolite, and suet jade is produced in tremolite lithofacies. The hardness of suet white jade is 6 ~ 6.5, second only to jadeite. Its toughness and wear resistance are indeed the strongest among jadeites, with dense texture and extremely stable chemical properties.
fine structure
Tremolite in suet jade is microfibrous crystal and aggregate. The crystal size of tremolite can be measured under electron microscope and optical microscope. The fiber length (longitudinal) of tremolite in suet jade is 0.033-0.0 1mm, and the width (transverse) is 0.0006-0.001mm. These tremolite are microfibrous and fluffy. Microfiber, fluffy and felt tremolite crystal aggregates are characterized by not uniform extinction at the same angle under orthogonal polarization.
Shuitou formation
No matter the water head or the spiritual land, it is called the permeability of jade. In tremolite jade, the thickness is usually 2mm, and white jade is translucent-opaque under this standard. The head of suet jade shows that it is translucent.
The color is suet white.
Sheep fat white is not pure white, but white with oily luster, some of which can reveal a slight yellow, and those with poor texture can also reveal a slight light gray tone in white.
Heavy oil
Sheep fat jade will naturally produce an "oily" feeling on the jade surface in the process of people's palm touching, which is also found in some fine white jade of Hetian jade. Sheep fat jade can drop into the water without touching, so oily sheep fat jade is also very good in cotton, called cotton, which is toughness. [ 1]
Edit this section of maintenance
The highest quality jade in China is the "sheep fat jade" in Hotan, Xinjiang, which is white in color, delicate in texture, compact in structure, firm but not brittle. People in China believe that wearing jade can not only play a decorative role, but also achieve a fitness effect, and it also has the meaning of "good luck, long life, peace and good luck". Suet jade: The most precious white jade in seed jade is suet jade, as white as fat. At present, 1 kg of suet jade is worth more than 600,000 yuan. The real suet jade is not only as white as suet, but also never turns blue, and its oil content is extremely high, which is not comparable to ordinary mountain materials or suet-colored jade. The difficulty and rarity of obtaining suet jade can be said that even if you have money now, you may not be able to buy refined suet jade. Nowadays, most people who call themselves suet jade are Gaobaishan jade or jadeite. For example, the so-called "sheep fat jade" often seen in the market, if not peeled, is mostly made of high and white mountains. The key points of jadeite maintenance are as follows: 1. Avoid collision with hard objects. Jade is easy to crack after collision. Sometimes, although the cracks are invisible to naked eyes, the molecular structure in the surface layer of jade has been destroyed, resulting in dark cracks, which will be exposed over time, greatly damaging its perfection and collection value. 2. Try to avoid being polluted by dust and oil. If there is dust on the jade surface, clean it with a soft brush; If dirt or oil stains are attached to the jade surface, it can be scrubbed with mild soapy water and then washed with clear water. Do not use chemical degreasers. For the heavily polluted old jade, you can go to a company specializing in the production and cleaning of jade articles and use professional ultrasonic cleaning and maintenance. 3. Jade pendants should be properly put away when not in use, preferably in jewelry bags or jewelry boxes to avoid collision. 4. Avoid contact with perfume, chemicals, soap or human sweat. Because jade is exposed to too much sweat, it will be eroded, destroy the outer layer and affect the original brightness. Jade, white jade with sheep fat, especially sweat and grease, should be wiped with a weak cloth after wearing. 5. Avoid long-term direct sunlight. Jade will expand in the sun, and its molecular volume will increase, which will affect the quality of jade. Especially crystal and agate. It will burst in case of high heat, so it is more taboo to get close to the heat source. 6. Too dry environment is easy to evaporate water, thus damaging the quality of jade.
Edit the market prospect of this paragraph.
Sheep fat jade has a saying that "gold is valuable and jade is priceless" since ancient times. Therefore, the price of Hetian jade mainly depends on the following three points: the first is the market; The second is output; The third is the cultural life of the people. "The cultural value of ancient jade is the most easily overlooked. Demand grows with people's gradual understanding. The more people know, the more they need. Strong demand will in turn stimulate the expansion of the market. " Zhong said that in the long historical period, the people of China have formed a tradition of advocating jade, and they have a rich traditional jade culture system, which has contributed to the sharp rise in the value of Hetian jade, especially the famous white sheep and fat jade since ancient times. There is a saying in the "virtue" of jade that the ancients thought that "the world is expensive and the Tao is also". It means that the whole world regards it as a treasure, which is a law that is independent of human will. "Gentleman, warm its jade. Therefore, gentlemen are also expensive. " Wen Yu is also a description of white jade or suet white jade. The ancient people's discussion on jade's "five virtues", "nine virtues" and "eleven virtues" raised the humanistic connotation of jade to a sacred height. The ancients associated the quality and color of jade with personality and cultural connotation. Nowadays, many collectors follow the trend very seriously, and they are often prone to fever. For example, in recent years, many Tibetan friends have been obsessed with the wonderful skin color of sheep fat white jade seeds, such as brick red and orange skin. So "peeling" some new jade to make it have the general color of ancient jade has become a great trick in the market. Zhong said: "The ancient jade has been played with for a long time, and the skin is of course good, and the color is of course particularly warm. Moreover, after such a long history, the cultural connotation is not comparable to Xinyu. " But these "skin colors" depend on where they grow and what materials they are made of. If a good suet white jade and a good leather are icing on the cake, it will increase its rarity. But now more than 90% of the seed skins on the market are artificially added, which can neither add value to the original jade, nor easily ruin the characteristics of the jade itself. The price of sheep fat jade has risen from 1992 to 100 yuan per kilogram to 300,000 yuan, 500,000 yuan now, and even 1 10,000 yuan and 2 million yuan per kilogram. In the past, it was priced in kilograms, and now it is priced in blocks and grams. In just over ten years, the price has doubled several thousand times. Nowadays, the world pursues suet jade. What is real suet jade? Nowadays, due to the lack of knowledge about Hetian jade, people know very little about Hetian jade. People often point to a piece of hetian jade and ask me,' is this suet white jade?' In the face of such questions, I will patiently explain to them that only the fine products in Hetian jade can be called "sheep fat white jade". Below I will tell you what kind of white jade can achieve "suet white jade". When it comes to suet white jade, everyone's intuitive impression must be priceless, which will definitely be cherished by people, and so it is. Anyone who knows Hetian jade knows that the white jade of sheep fat in our industry means that the whiteness and moisture of this Hetian jade should reach the whiteness and moisture of sheep tail fat. The whiteness of suet jade is not pale, but oily white with a slight pink tone, yellow or gray tone. With other grades of white jade, people feel that this kind of jade is very white and transparent. The smoothness of suet jade means that the oil of jade should be as crystal clear and delicate as sheep oil, and no white flowers and impurities can be seen. Transparent and translucent, the surface is like a thick oil layer, which has the feeling of melting in the fire. Both of these standards should be taken into account, otherwise the white jade of sheep fat is not enough. It can be seen that from a professional point of view, the demand for sheep fat white jade is great. It is difficult for us to see the real white sheep fat jade in shopping malls or Hetian jade counters in professional jewelry markets, and even if there is, it is extremely expensive. At present, high-grade sheep fat jade is mostly collected by collectors and easily overlooked by outsiders. Now, in order to better promote their own jade, some merchants who operate Hetian jade call their own Hetian jade "sheep fat white jade" to their customers, or find white jade from the goods as "sheep fat white jade". From a certain point of view, this is a way of blurring and stealing concepts. Please don't believe it easily. The appraisal certificate issued by the national formal appraisal department gives the name of Hetian jade according to the "national standard". The national standard name of Hetian jade is generally "Hetian jade" or "nephrite", and there will never be the name of "sheep fat white jade". Objectively speaking, the name "White Sheep and Fat Jade" is a kind of judgment on the grade of Hetian jade, and it is a conventional name for Hetian jade with excellent appearance, not a formal name. Here, I suggest that jade lovers visit the professional jewelry market more, see more high-grade Hetian jade, savor the sculptor of jade, feel the moisture and delicacy of jade with their own hands, ask more questions, look around more, and shop around. Don't always buy jade in the hands of Xinjiang people who are wandering in the street or on the street with the mentality of Taobao, so the probability of being cheated is very high, and it is not worth the loss.
The reason for editing this paragraph is expensive.
First, the most important factor, beauty is the most important of all factors. If it is not beautiful, there will not be many princes and nobles who flock to it through the ages. The oily and delicate texture, the whiteness of "color like cutting fat" and the luster of "always touching fat" are in line with the implicit aesthetic concept of China traditional culture. They are unobtrusive, gorgeous and dazzling, attracting China people for thousands of years with a kind of "clean and restrained" beauty. The beauty of sheep fat jade has a mysterious charm, and many people are crazy about it, and they don't regret losing their money. Second, another factor that affects the value of suet jade is durability. When evaluating the quality of gems, it is very important that the durability of gems is the same, and so is Hetian jade. White jade has been recognized by human beings since ancient times and is widely used as a tool, weapon and utensil for religious sacrifice. Its tenacity and durability were admired by ancient China people. This feature has also been confirmed by modern scientific research institute: the Mohs hardness of white jade reaches 6 ~ 6.5, which is higher than common hard objects such as steel, glass and ordinary rocks, and it is not easy to wear in daily life; The toughness of white jade is particularly prominent, and its toughness ranks second among natural minerals, only lower than that of black diamond used to make advanced turning tools. Therefore, sheep fat jade is soft in appearance and tough in internal texture, which can be worn and passed down for a long time. Based on the excellent technological properties of suet jade, famous jade sculptors in past dynasties have regarded suet jade in Hetian jade as the first choice to show their carving skills. Third, the third factor that affects the value of sheep fat jade is rarity-it seems that there is no doubt that things are rare. Scarcity is of great significance in determining the price of jade. As an exchangeable commodity, the less output, the greater demand and the higher value; On the other hand, some jade varieties, with large output and good quality, can also be supplied to the market in batches, and there are many producing areas. There has been no big increase in demand for a long time, and the value has remained at a relatively low level for a long time. "Appropriate scarcity" is also an important factor affecting value. Although scarcity will lead to high prices, it should be noted that if it is so rare that people can't recognize it, or even slowly forget its beauty, the market demand will naturally decrease and its value will be greatly reduced. In addition, no one is allowed to sell products that are almost impossible to buy in the market. There are many examples in the jewelry industry to illustrate this problem. For example, diamonds are undoubtedly rare gems, but their output can guarantee to cover all the counters of jewelry stores. The large supply does not affect the high value of diamonds at all. Garnet, another kind of gem, is more beautiful than diamond, but its output is extremely rare. It almost circulates in the circle of mineralogists and mineral collectors, which can't attract a lot of purchase and investment, and its market price is not high. Four. An Important Factor of Tradition and Culture Tradition and culture are another important factor affecting the value of precious stones, which is sometimes overlooked. Demand grows with people's gradual understanding. The more people know, the more demand there will be, and the strong demand will in turn stimulate the expansion of the market. In the long historical period, the people of China have formed a tradition of advocating jade, and have a rich traditional jade culture system, which has contributed to the sharp rise in the value of Hetian jade, especially the white jade with sheep fat, which has been famous all over the world since ancient times. Among the virtues of jade considered by the ancients, there is a saying that the world is expensive and the Tao is also. It means that the whole world regards it as a treasure, which is a law that is independent of human will. "In the words of a gentleman, moist as jade. Therefore, gentlemen are also expensive. " Wen Yu is also a description of white jade or suet white jade. The ancient people's exposition of jade's "five virtues", "nine virtues" and "eleven virtues" promoted the humanistic connotation of jade to a sacred height, which can be said to be the most prominent "China characteristic" among many gem varieties. V. Influence of Market Demand The fluctuation of market demand is one of the important factors affecting the value of Hetian jade. Excessive market demand leads to snapping up and hoarding jade; Merchants chasing up and down, coupled with the jade fever in recent years, will lead to a sharp rise in jade prices in a certain period of time. The increase in price will greatly increase the exploitation of Yushan materials, because mines can increase production by increasing equipment and investment. However, the reserves of suet jade in various jade mines are scarce, especially ziyu, which was swept away by the flood and scattered all over the place. In recent years, the output increase is very limited, which leads to the price of sheep fat jade, especially secondary jade, rising all the way. 6. Small size and high value are also factors that affect the value of sheep fat jade. Small size, high value, easy to carry and collect, which is also a factor of high value of sheep fat jade. A large amount of monetary value is highly concentrated on a small jade article, which is convenient for collectors to personally and secretly preserve and transfer a large number of assets at any time, and can also preserve the value for a long time. Since ancient times, gold and silver treasures have basically played the above roles. This is also an important reason why dignitaries and consortia invest in jewelry and jade.
Edit this collection
Ancient jade ornaments made of suet jade are famous all over the world for their exquisite craftsmanship, beautiful shape and magnificent colors. Among them, sheep fat jade is called the top grade of nephrite because of its very white, delicate texture, moist luster and fat condensation, which is extremely precious. Since the 1990s, the price of suet jade has soared. In recent years, the price of seed materials alone has been astonishingly high, ranging from 300,000 to 300,000 yuan per kilogram, which will cost more than 2 million yuan/kloc-0. For collectors, blindly following the trend is not a long-term solution after all. A deeper understanding, listening to the family's outspoken, rational collection is king. Sheep fat jade is not necessarily as white as possible. Zhong, Secretary-General of China Ancient Jade Research Association, questioned the blind pursuit of "white" in jade collection. "The so-called suet white jade is the best metaphor for Hetian jade. In addition, the color of each hetian jade is not exactly the same, so the so-called sheep fat jade can never be scientifically determined by a fixed standard. " Sheep fat jade is a gem-grade material in Hetian jade, and it is also the best white jade with the best quality, luster and texture, which is manifested as moist, dense, pure, white and flawless, like jelly, hence the name. Mr. Xia Nai, a famous archaeologist, once said in his article: "The jade materials in the Han Dynasty ... ivory suet jade increased greatly." However, the old gentleman didn't mean to make the suet jade white, nor did he show that the whiter the jade, the higher the price. Many people in the industry believe that sheep oil is not pure white, but white with the same luster as oil. In white, some can be slightly yellow, and those with poor texture can also be slightly light gray in white. Now people blindly look at "white", which is obviously a misunderstanding of sheep fat jade. In fact, sheep fat jade is just what people call it now. It used to be called sheep fat jade. The word "white" is added after people, which is too subjective. Therefore, paying too much attention to color has greatly misled people's collection concept. Because people have different standards for judging color, there is no standard for whether it is "white". I saw Hetian jade with very white color in the Palace Museum, but experts classified it as sapphire. And there is an ancient jade that looks blue and is included in the white jade. Therefore, the vast number of collectors must not take the statement that "the whiter the white jade, the better" as the truth. If we only emphasize white and ignore the texture, then many fairly white stones like marble and quartzite will become jade. Sheep fat white jade generally exists only in seed jade in Hotan, Xinjiang and landscape materials in Qijiakeng, yutian county. Jade materials produced in other places basically do not meet the requirements of sheep fat white jade. This is the preciousness of "Hetian Jade". Mr. Zhong said that people have attached great importance to sheep fat white jade since ancient times, but it is extremely rare in the world. It is the best jade, and the price is very expensive. White jade not only symbolizes purity, nobility and gentleness, but also symbolizes auspiciousness and tranquility. The ancients said, "Wen Renren!" In ancient times, the empress dowager was qualified to wear fine white jade. For example, the "Queen Seal" of the Western Han Dynasty, which has been designated as a "national treasure" by the state, is carved from white seed jade with flawless suet. A strange phenomenon in the market, especially in Xinjiang, is that sheep fat jade is everywhere, and it is easy to find sheep fat jade! In fact, a lot of Hetian jade is not made of jade from special places, but mostly replaced by Russian jade and Qinghai jade, and it is very popular in the market. This is misleading consumption. Merchants try to blur the difference between Russian jade and Xinjiang Hetian jade, and collectors should pay attention to identification. As for how to solve this problem, Mr. Zhong said that the relevant departments should unify the standards and require the white sheep and fat jade in the market to indicate the origin of jade materials, such as Hetian white sheep and fat jade in Russia.