Specifically, we should do the following:
1, learn to cut down. The salary is limited, so you should save unnecessary money. As long as you save, you can still save a considerable income a year, which is the first step in financial management.
2. Do a good job of open source. With the extra money, it is necessary to use it rationally, so as to preserve and increase its value and produce greater benefits.
3. Be good at planning. The purpose of financial management is not to make a lot of money, but to ensure or better life in the future (so financial management is not only for the rich, but also for the working class). Being good at planning your future needs is very important for financial management.
4. Reasonably arrange the capital structure and seek the balance between actual consumption and future income. This part of the work can be commissioned by professionals to design for themselves for reference.
5. Consider the rate of return according to your own needs and risk tolerance. A high-yield financial plan is not necessarily a good plan, but a good plan that suits you, because the higher the rate of return, the greater the risk. The scheme that suits you is the one that can achieve the expected purpose and has the least risk. Don't blindly choose the scheme with the highest yield. Remember: the purpose of your financial management is not to make money. An activity aimed at making money is called investment!
Concept 1: establish a firm belief that investment and financial management are not the patent of the rich.
In our daily life, there are always many working-class or low-and middle-income people who hold the idea that only rich people are qualified to talk about investment and financial management. It is generally believed that a fixed salary of one month is almost enough to meet daily expenses, so where is the extra money? "Financial investment is the patent of the rich and has nothing to do with their own lives" is still the concept of the general public.
In fact, the more people who have no money, the more they need financial management. For example, if you have 65438+ 10,000 yuan on you, but your property is lost due to financial mistakes, it is likely that many problems will immediately endanger your life safety, while the rich with millions, tens of millions and hundreds of millions of yuan will lose half of their property even if they make financial mistakes, which will not affect their original life. Therefore, we must first establish an idea that financial management is a major event that accompanies life, regardless of wealth. In this process of "life management", the poorer people are, the more people who can't afford to lose, so we should treat financial management seriously and cautiously.
Financial investment is the patent of the rich, and the financial strategies of newspapers, television, internet and other media as the source of public life information are the "privileged areas" for financial services for a few people. If you really think so, you are all wet. Of course, among all sentient beings, the so-called truly rich people are a minority, while the middle-class wage earners and the middle and lower classes still account for the vast majority. It can be seen that investment and financial management is a matter closely related to life, and the poor who have no money or the middle class who have just entered the society and have no fixed property should not escape. Even if you are short of money and insignificant, you may "accumulate sand into a tower". If you use it properly, it is more likely to be an opportunity to "turn over"!
In fact, around us, most people just claim to be poor. Sometimes they complain that prices are too high, wages can't keep up with rising prices, and sometimes they feel sorry for themselves. They wish they couldn't be born in a rich family, or some cynical people even despise the behavior of investment and financial management. They think it is a "vulgar thing" to chase after the copper stink, or equate investment and financial management with those so-called "rich people" and then belittle it with values ... I have no idea.
Therefore, we sentient beings must change our ideas, face up to the actual value of money, and know that daily life cannot be separated from it. Of course, paying too much attention to money will also distort personal values and become a slave to money, so be honest with yourself. What do you think of money? Is income out of proportion to life? Has money become your "inevitable pain in life"?
Wealth can bring stability, happiness and satisfaction to life, and it is also one of the ways for many people to pursue a sense of accomplishment. Everyone should create wealth moderately and not be enslaved and burdened by money. This is the golden mean. We should realize that "poverty is not shameful, wealth is not evil", and don't ignore the function of financial management to improve and manage life. No one can tell, how much money is needed to meet the investment conditions and need financial management?
Judging from our years of financial work experience and market research, financial management should start with "income first, then salary". Even if there is little left after deducting personal fixed expenses and "paying the family treasury" from the first income or salary, don't underestimate the ability to collect meager funds. The investment mode is 6,543,800,000 yuan, 654.33 yuan. The vast majority of working-class people start to accumulate funds from savings. The "new poor" whose general income is only enough to make ends meet, regardless of their income, should first put 10% of their monthly salary into the bank to keep them "inexhaustible" and "unable to get in" and lay a primary foundation for accumulating wealth. If you have 500 yuan's funds in your monthly salary, open an account in a bank and make lump-sum deposit and withdrawal, regardless of interest. After 20 years, the principal alone will reach 654.38+0.2 million. If interest is added, this figure will be even greater. Therefore, the power of "dripping water into a river, gathering sand into a tower" cannot be ignored.
Of course, if the interest rate on bank deposits is too low, and the "results" after the contraction are slightly impressive, we also suggest opening up other good investment channels, such as family bonds and funds, or getting involved in the stock market, or taking shares in partnership. These are all ways of small investment. But pay attention to the credit problems of participants. Don't be felt by high profits at first, but evaluate the risks appropriately. Never have the idea of "getting rich overnight" and strive for solid and gradual financial investment.
In short, don't ignore the power of small money, just like spare time. If you make full use of it, the effect will be amazing after a long time. The most important starting point is to have a clear and correct understanding, and to establish a strong belief and confidence in winning. Once again, I advise that financial management should be decided first-don't think that investment and financial management are the patents of the rich-financial management should start with establishing self-confidence and firm belief.
Idea 2: financial management focuses on planning. Don't let "wait for money" miss your "money"
Around us, many people have worked hard to save money all their lives, but they don't know why. They don't know how to use funds effectively, and they dare not spend too much money. Or some people try to "fight big with small", set their financial goals very high without looking at their own abilities, and roll in the money game. After losing, either give up confidence and start from scratch, or end the rest of your life by regretting depression.
To realize the dream of a happy life, we should not only have a good life goal plan, but also know how to handle the needs of different stages of life, and we need to carry out appropriate financial planning and management. Therefore, since financial management is a lifelong matter, why not recognize the responsibilities and needs of all stages of life as soon as possible and make a career financial planning that suits you?
Many financial experts believe that lifelong financial planning should be carried out as soon as possible to avoid "money flow" when you are young and sigh sadly when you are old.
1. learning growth period: the goal of this period is to learn and complete their studies. At this time, we should enrich our knowledge of investment and financial management. If we have pocket money, we should use it properly. At this time, we should gradually establish a correct concept of consumption. Don't "follow the fashion" and be enslaved by vanity.
2. Newly-entered youth: The first salary of newly-entered society is the basis for pursuing economic independence, and you can start the actual financial management operation. Therefore, you are young and have a lot of career motivation, which is a good opportunity to reserve funds. Don't rush forward from the aspects of increasing revenue and reducing expenditure and using funds effectively.
3. Ten years of marriage is a period of life transformation and adjustment. At this time, due to different conditions and needs, financial goals are also different. If the "newlyweds" with double salary and no children have more investment ability, they can try to engage in high-yield and low-risk portfolio investment, or buy a house or a car, or start their own business to get a loan. Generally, families with children should take care of their children's raising expenses and adopt a stable and profitable investment strategy.
4. Middle-aged children: At this stage, the focus of financial management is on children's educational reserves. With the increase of family members, the living expenses are also increasing. If you have the responsibility to support your parents, the burden of medical expenses and insurance premiums must also be measured. At this time, due to rich work experience and relatively increased income, we should flexibly adjust the use of loans in combination with financial investment.
5. Empty nest middle-aged and elderly people: At this stage, because most of the children have left the nest to get married, the education expenses and living expenses have been reduced. At this time, the financial goal is to incorporate retirement funds into medical and insurance projects. Due to the accumulation of funds in retirement, investment can gradually move closer to the conservative route with high security, and fixed-income investment can still be considered to prepare for the second career after retirement.
6. Old-age retirement: This should be the most affluent period, but the burden of leisure and health care expenses is still very large. To enjoy retirement, if you have a "second spring of income", you should adopt a "defensive" financial management method, take "capital preservation" as the goal, and don't engage in high-risk investment, so as not to affect your health and life. Retirement has an unavoidable "aftermath" feature, so it is necessary to draw up a plan for property transfer as soon as possible and evaluate whether to adopt gift or inheritance.
Not everyone can practice the financial goals of the above six life stages, but life financial planning must not be a dead letter. After all, there is motivation only when there is a goal. If you don't have a plan, you can only rely on a sudden decision to dominate your financial career, which may lead to extreme results of "ups and downs". Wealth is gradually accumulated by "many a mickle makes a mickle" and "money rolling in". Drawing up a stable and appropriate career financial planning as soon as possible will help to gradually realize the goal of "gathering wealth" and lay a stable, secure and high-quality foundation for life.
Idea 3: Rejecting all kinds of temptations and bad financial habits may leave you empty-handed.
Monthly payday is the most anticipated day for office workers. They may need to buy household items, or buy a suit that they have long liked, or make an appointment with friends to "help" ... various living expenses are waiting for a monthly salary.
We will see such people from time to time around us. Their normal ordinary income is not much. When they spend money, they all have the momentum of "big names". They wear brand-name clothes, have a lot of cash in their wallets and a thick stack of credit cards. They can get more vanity satisfaction than happiness when spending.
When paying a monthly salary, money is squandered like a holiday. At the end of the month, people struggle to tighten their clothes and go on a diet, and then look forward to next month's payday. This is a portrayal of many office workers, especially young people who have just entered the social economy and just become independent. They are often the last to resist the temptation to consume goods. Many people also prove their ability through money (spending power) or lack of a certain aspect in psychological compensation, which leads to their inability to fully control money.
In the face of this consumer society, it is certainly not so easy to refuse temptation. If you want to completely control every penny you have earned, you must first change your financial habits. "Consume first and then save" is a common mistake in financial management habits. Many people often feel that you can't make ends meet just because your "consumption" is ahead of schedule and there is no concept of saving. Or think that "consumption first, then talk about the rest", often underestimate their own consumption desire and sporadic daily expenses. For many ordinary people in China, the correct way to manage money is to form the habit of "saving before consuming" and practice self-discipline. When you get paid every month, you should deposit a sum of savings in the bank (such as lump-sum deposit and withdrawal, time deposit) or buy some small government bonds and funds, and then save money. On the one hand, we can control the monthly budget to prevent overspending, on the other hand, we can gradually develop the habit of thrift. This "compulsory saving" method is also the beginning of accumulating financial management funds. If you want to live a stable life, you must fully control your financial situation, not only looking forward, but also looking backward, so that "saving" comes before "consumption"! Never spend money first-enjoy life to the fullest-wait until you have a "surplus" before saving money.
Concept 4: No one is a natural master. Ability comes from the accumulation of learning and practical experience.
It is often heard that people use excuses such as "no concept of numbers" and "no natural ability to manage money" to avoid financial problems closely related to everyone's life. It seems that most people tend to classify "financial management" as a choice of personal interest, or an innate ability, even related to their field of study. People who have studied in non-commercial fields think that they are isolated from "financial problems" and "give up on themselves" and "go with the flow" Once they are forced to face major financial problems, they are either trampled on wantonly or lament that they have no ability to handle money.
In fact, no ability is born, and patient study and practical experience are the key points. The same is true of financial management ability. Perhaps those who have the concept of numbers or study business, economics and other subjects by themselves can learn from others and have a sense of financial management. However, money is a thing that goes hand in hand with life, especially with the development of modern economy, everyone can't be exempted from personal financial responsibility. The traditional concept of China people is that "women are natural financial experts", which seems to be confirmed by the fact that the proportion of wives in charge of finance is higher than that of high school. However, judging from the division of family roles, it is natural for a housekeeper to manage money, but it does not mean that women are good at managing money. Otherwise, why is the proportion of women among financial professionals low?
Modern economy has brought "the era of financial management", and all kinds of financial management reference books are complicated. Many courses on financial management have also stepped out of the professional field and gone deep into the life and study of office workers, housewives and students. With the change of economic environment, the traditional single thrifty financial management method can no longer meet the needs of ordinary people, and the scope of financial management tools has expanded rapidly. In line with life planning, the function of financial management is not limited to ensuring a safe and worry-free life, but to pursue higher material and spiritual satisfaction. At this time, you still think that financial management is a "game for rich people to play with money", which has nothing to do with yourself. That proves that you are behind the times. It's time to catch up!
Concept 5: Don't expect to get rich overnight. Don't put all your eggs in one basket.
Some conservative people put all their money in the bank to earn interest, thinking it is safest and risk-free. Some people also buy gold and jewels and keep them in a safe in case something goes wrong. These two kinds of people take absolute security as the first standard, take an extremely conservative financial management route, or have no financial management concept at all; Or some people have a preference for a single investment tool, such as real estate or stocks, so they put all their money into it and are eager for success. It is enough for such a person to make a profit, but judging from the volatility of the market, it is too risky to rely on an investment tool.
Some investors take the speculative route, that is, they specialize in hot short-term investments. No matter what is popular this year or this period, they will rush to invest. This kind of person has the concept of investment, but because of "strong gambling", he would rather take high risks than engage in low-risk investment. Such speculators often hope to get rich overnight. If the time is good, they may earn a lot of money, but when the time is bad, there are many examples of "living", and they lose all their money or even everything.
No matter which investment method they choose, the above-mentioned people have committed financial taboos: they are eager for success, "put all their eggs in one basket" and lack the concept of diversifying risks.
With the development of economy, industry and commerce, China's entry into WTO and the opening of the international market, China people have more and more investment channels. A single investment tool is no longer in line with the national conditions and people's feelings, and the risk is too great. As a result, the concept of "portfolio" came into being, aiming at reducing risks and creating wealth smoothly.
At present, there are many kinds of investment tools. The most common ones are bank deposits, stocks, real estate, futures, bonds, gold, mutual funds, foreign currency deposits, overseas real estate and foreign securities. Not only are there many kinds, but their names are also very detailed, and each investment channel has different operation methods. Without long-term investment experience or non-professionals, most people are really confused. Therefore, we believe that in any case, the general public should have a little understanding of the basic investment tools, recognize whether their "sexual orientation" is conservative or risky, then measure their financial situation, and choose several more interested or specialized investment methods according to their own abilities, combining "small and wide". The allocation ratio of investment portfolio should be flexible according to personal ability, characteristics of investment tools and environmental conditions. People who are conservative or have little spare money should not have too diverse and complicated portfolios, and the proportion of short-term profitable investments should be less; If you are aggressive and not afraid of adventurers, you can increase the proportion of high-yield investment according to your own ability. The characteristics of various investment instruments are usually determined by three principles: profitability, security and liquidity. For example, bank deposits have the highest security and strong liquidity, but the yield is relatively low; However, stocks and futures have the characteristics of high profitability, good liquidity but low security; Real estate has low liquidity, but high security, and its profitability (return on investment) depends on its geographical location and economic prosperity. Generally speaking, in the case of economic recession and obvious inflation, investment experts will encourage investors to increase the proportion of investment with high liquidity and good safety, that is, the investment strategy should be revised to a conservative line, maintain a fixed and safe investment profit, and wait and see. When the economy returns to the Soviet Union and the investment environment is active, the proportion of investment with good profitability can be increased in time, that is, a little risk can be taken to obtain investment with high return. When understanding the characteristics and application methods of investment tools, matching investment portfolio is a "hedging" method to reduce risks. At present, about 80% people still choose bank deposits, which shows that the public is still conservative, and on the other hand, it shows that no matter how the environment changes, the safest investment tools in the portfolio still account for a certain proportion. We generally believe that all funds should not be invested in high-risk investments. "Portfolio" is to spread the funds among various investment projects, rather than combining them in the same investment "basket". Some people play with portfolios in stocks, or mix various portfolios with fund portfolios. This is still the practice of "putting all the eggs in the same basket" and it is still unwise!
Idea 6: Managing your time is better than managing your money and wealth.
Modern people often say "too busy to spare time". People who often feel that they don't have enough time for their work every day, just like people who often complain that they don't have enough money, are all "time poor" and seem to have the desire to turn 24 hours into 48 hours. But God gave everyone the same time resources fairly, and no one took advantage of it. Under the same "time capital", it depends on everyone's clever use. Some people kill time at will and have no management ability. 24-hour resources seem to be much shorter than others, but some people can "make something out of nothing" and make effective use of their spare time; And some people who know how to "hitchhike" simply use automation and various service industries to "buy time with money". "Time is money" can be deeply felt, especially for busy modern people. Although the loss of every minute is not as serious as the loss of money, the loss of money can still be recovered, but time is "a thousand dollars can't be returned." If you can't manage everyone's 24-hour resources fairly, you may not only miss the opportunity of financial investment, but also accomplish nothing in life, which shows the importance of "time management" to modern financial managers. Since it is impossible to "steal" time from God, the fundamental way is to learn to "manage" time by yourself and use every minute as a "cutting edge" to improve efficiency.
"Busy" and "no time" are just excuses, but they are not true. If the intelligence is similar, but the working hours are longer than others, but the performance (salary, income, position and achievement) is not better than others, it is time to make a good review. Isn't it time efficiency? Psychologically, we must establish an idea that we should be "smart" rather than "hard" in our work. For example, what others can do in six hours, I try to finish it in four hours. To pursue the highest time performance as the goal, over time, time is naturally in your hands!
The principle of time management is the same as that of financial management. It is necessary to "reduce expenditure" and "open source". The first step to "earn" back time is to comprehensively evaluate the utilization of time and find out the so-called wasted fragmentary time. The second step is to integrate and use it in a planned way. First, list a time "income and expenditure table", record daily actions in hours, and immediately find out the reasons for inefficiency and make thorough improvement. Then, cut the daily time into the unit's income and expenditure statement, make plans and arrangements, and achieve daily performance goals. Find your own time. When you get into the habit of "saving time", you will naturally achieve the highest level of "balance of payments" for 24 hours a day, and you can also engage in higher-level spiritual activities in your spare time.
If you are an office worker who drives or takes a bus, you spend an average of two hours a day on transportation and one month a year on the bus. If you concentrate the two hours you spend every day in this month, sit by car for a month in a row, or drive without sleeping for a month, you will realize that time is considerable.
In order to use time, we must actively "conjure up" time out of thin air. Here are some effective ways to make your time rich easily.
Make full use of spare time: take the bus or wait for time to read newspapers, read books and listen to air information. Use TV advertising time to deal with housework such as washing dishes, washing clothes and mopping the floor. Don't neglect every bit of time, try to use your spare time to deal with chores.
Change the work order: for example, when cooking, first wash rice and make soup, then wash vegetables and stir fry. When the dishes are served, rice and soup will be fine. A slight change in work habits can make full use of time. This "time-sharing" operation mode can be tried in many ways in the work, and the most time-saving order can be "studied".
Batch processing, one-time completion: make a list before shopping and buy it all at once. When visiting customers, choose a place close to you and go door to door. Transactions with less timeliness are also completed on the same day based on location to save traffic time.
Clear division of work authority, don't take everything on one person's shoulders: learn the art of rejection, don't waste time doing what others should do, help each other occasionally among colleagues, and don't be a bad person because of "people who can do more work". There is a division of work in the office, and so is housework. Family members should share the burden, and office workers and housewives should not bear it. For example, Mr. Wang's study and car; Children's rooms and toys are required to be cleaned by themselves, and they are also responsible for housework, enriching themselves with the time saved, and being a "housewife of the new era".
Make good use of paid services; The bank's automatic transfer service can help you pay utilities, gas, telephone, credit card, tax deposit interest transfer and so on. If you make more use of it, you can save time in traveling and waiting in line.
Replace manpower with automated machines: Telephone contact in the office can be replaced by faxes, letters and emails. On the one hand, it can save the time of telephone tracing, and the content is accompanied by evidence, and the cost is relatively low. In addition, fax letters and emails are concise and to the point. Compared with telephone contact, polite greetings are needed before getting to the point, which saves a lot of unnecessary "manpower" and time. Housewives can also learn how American women do housework quickly and use machines to do it for them. For example, the use of fully automatic single-cylinder washing machines, dishwashers, vacuum cleaners, microwave ovens and other household appliances can save more than half the time compared with traditional manpower, which is very impressive.