Technical specification for preservation of jewelry and jade specimen resources

order

Jewelry and jade specimen resources are the basic data and valuable scientific wealth of gemology research, and the preservation and management of jewelry and jade specimen resources should be carried out in accordance with strict and standardized working procedures. This regulation is formulated in order to unify the working procedures of all preservation units, meet the requirements of standardization of specimen arrangement and standardize the preservation procedures of jewelry and jade specimen resources.

The Rules for the Preservation of Jewelry and Jade Specimen Resources stipulates the preparation work before the preservation of jewelry and jade, and the requirements for preservation containers, warehouses, preservation steps and specimen counting.

Appendices A-F of this Regulation are normative appendices.

This provision was put forward by the National Platform for Basic Conditions of Science and Technology.

Drafting unit of this Regulation: China Geo University (Beijing).

Drafter of this regulation: He.

This regulation is interpreted by the national rock and mineral fossil specimen resource sharing platform.

1 range

This procedure specifies the preservation scope and terminology of jewelry and jade specimens, including the basic equipment and requirements of specimen bank, the requirements and steps of specimen preservation, specimen borrowing registration form and other specimen information records.

This procedure is applicable to jewelry and jade specimens preserved and collected by museums and research institutions.

2 normative reference documents

The general provisions of the following documents become the provisions of this law by reference. For dated reference documents, all subsequent amendments (excluding errata) or revisions are not applicable to this Regulation. However, all parties who have reached an agreement in accordance with these provisions are encouraged to study whether the latest versions of these documents can be used. For undated reference documents, the latest edition is applicable to this regulation.

GB/T 16552—20 10 name of jewelry and jade.

GB/T 16553—20 10 jewelry and jade appraisal

JGJ66-9 1 Code for Design of Museum Buildings

Gb/t16571-2012 requirements for the security system of museums and cultural relics protection units.

Ai Jing. Scientific protection of cultural relics in exhibition halls. Technical Atlas of Museum, 2005, (4)

Huang Fukang. Discussion on the standard of cultural relics warehouse in museums. Cultural relics protection and archaeological science. 2002， 14(s 1): 192 ~ 203。

Liu shunqiang. Talking about the museum environment. Cultural relics protection and archaeological science. 2006, 18 ( 1): 60 ~ 63.

Luo Xianlin and Lu. Gems at home and abroad. Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 2005.

Zhang Beili, Wang Manjun and other jewelry sales staff. Beijing: China Dida Publishing House, 200 1.

Zhang beili Systematic gemmology. Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 2006.

3 Terms and definitions

A. Gemstones: Gemstones generally refer to all materials that can be made into jewelry or handicrafts after pondering and carving. They are the general name of natural gemstones (including natural gemstones, natural jade and natural organic gemstones) and artificial products (including synthetic gemstones, artificial gem, divided gemstones and recycled gemstones), and are referred to as gems for short. In these Provisions, jewelry and jade only refer to the natural jewelry and jade in the above concepts.

B enhancement: all methods used to improve the appearance (color, cleanliness or special optical effects), durability or usability of jewelry and jade except cutting and polishing.

C. Classification of gem specimens: According to the description standard of gem specimen resources, jewelry and jade are divided into rough stones, semi-finished products and finished products. The so-called rough stone refers to some jewelry and jade raw materials with regular or irregular shapes. Semi-finished products refer to jewelry and jade that have been processed into a certain shape, but cannot be worn or used alone without inlay or support. Finished products refer to jewelry and jade that can be worn or used alone through processing, inlay or bracket matching. When it is difficult to determine between semi-finished products and finished products, each unit can choose by itself, but it needs to be properly explained in the storage form.

4. Preservation methods of jewelry and jade specimens

4. 1 museum preservation

The preservation and management of jewelry and jade specimens in museums should follow the corresponding regulations of each museum.

4.2 specimen bank preservation

According to the needs of exhibition, teaching or specimen research, various preservation units often keep multiple specimens for multiple studies.

4.3 Protection of origin

Some jewelry and jade specimens (such as large carvings) can be preserved in the form of origin due to special reasons such as transportation difficulties, and can provide very valuable physical evidence for studying the geological process and paleogeographic environment in this area.

Basic equipment and requirements of specimen bank

5. 1 warehouse location requirements

The orientation, width, area, elevation, doors, windows and attached warehouses of the warehouse are all important issues related to specimen preservation. We must consider the problem comprehensively and scientifically in order to protect the specimens to the maximum extent.

The best floor of the warehouse is the middle and high floors of the building, which is not suitable for the top floor or basement of the building. This is because the top floor is most vulnerable to external environment, such as large temperature difference; Because of humidity and groundwater, warehouses in southern China should not be built on the ground floor or underground. If it must be designed on the ground or underground, it is best to set an air isolation layer below the ground.

5.2 warehouse environment requirements

Temperature and humidity

The warehouse should be equipped with thermometer and hygrometer, and record the temperature and humidity regularly.

Warehouses that collect treasures sensitive to temperature and humidity changes should be equipped with air-conditioning equipment, and it is best to keep constant temperature and humidity. In general, the temperature should be controlled at 15 ~ 25℃ and the relative humidity should be controlled at 45% ~ 65%.

The methods of adjusting temperature and humidity can be adopted: installing central air conditioning; Equipped with constant temperature and humidity equipment in global or local small environment; Place chemical Wet Control, such as saturated salt solution or silica gel with good water absorption.

The relative humidity of the collection without air conditioning equipment should not be greater than 70%, and the relative humidity difference between day and night should not be greater than 5%, and the principle of constant humidity and variable temperature should be implemented.

illuminate

The glass thickness of the warehouse should not be less than 3mm, and diffuse reflection glass or other devices to prevent direct sunlight should be adopted. The warehouse for collecting specimens that are particularly sensitive to light can choose glass that filters ultraviolet rays and absorbs infrared rays, or filter glass.

Incandescent lamps should be used for indoor and photosensitive lighting in the warehouse, and shading devices should be set up.

fire prevention

-The warehouse is equipped with fire alarm devices and appropriate types of automatic sprinkler systems (wet, dry, pre-acting and rain-drenching).

-Equipped with a corresponding number of mobile fire extinguishers (carbon dioxide, dry powder, water mist, etc.). ), and the warehouse management personnel for fire knowledge and the correct use of fire fighting equipment training.

-Check the fire extinguishing devices regularly. If the fire extinguisher is damaged or expired, it should be replaced and maintained in time.

-Smoking is strictly prohibited in the warehouse, and no-smoking signs are set up in prominent positions.

-It is forbidden to store inflammable and explosive articles in the warehouse.

-It is forbidden to use high-power electrical appliances under overload, and regularly check and maintain the power supply, switches, wires and switches of electrical equipment in the warehouse.

—— Ensure that the fire exits are unblocked and the exit signs are obvious.

guard against theft

Jewelry and jade specimens generally have not only research value, but also economic value, so anti-theft measures are very important. The following methods can be regarded as a safety precaution, and each storage unit can choose to use them according to its own situation:

-Install alarm systems, such as window alarm system consisting of boundary alarm fence and glass breakage alarm device, indoor alarm camera linkage system, fixed or mobile emergency alarm system, start dial-up telephone transmission alarm system, video alarm system, etc.

-Equipped with monitoring cameras, whose images should be clear and stable, and the probe should have high resolution. In particular, a surveillance camera should be installed at the entrance to monitor valuable specimens. If possible, try to ensure that there are no monitoring blind spots in the library.

-Insure precious specimens.

-No one else is allowed to enter the warehouse.

-outsiders should be accompanied by special personnel when entering the warehouse, and make detailed registration.

-The warehouse should be equipped with security doors and fences, and an electronic anti-theft system can be installed if necessary.

-Valuable specimens should be put in a special safe.

—— The warehouse shall be inspected in detail before closing every day, and the doors and windows shall be locked before leaving.

clean

-The warehouse should be cleaned frequently, using wet cleaning, removing garbage and dirt in time and keeping it clean.

-Wipe the specimen cabinet regularly to keep it clean inside and outside.

—— Specimen trays, boxes and racks for storing specimens should be cleaned frequently.

5.3 Sample preservation instrument

According to the size, shape and preservation characteristics of jewelry and jade specimens, the following different preservation devices are adopted:

1) specimen storage cabinet: specimens can be stored in drawer-type specimen cabinets, glass door cabinets, safes, etc. According to their special requirements; The cabinet or drawer for storing specimens should be well sealed; In a sealed storage cabinet, according to different specimens, a device for adjusting humidity can be placed; The specimen cabinet should be locked at ordinary times, and the keys and passwords should be kept by special personnel.

2) Specimen display rack: The specimens placed in the specimen display cabinet can adopt different types of specimen display racks according to their shapes. For example, plate-shaped specimens can be displayed on a triangular bracket, oval or spherical specimens can be displayed on a hollow tube and a hollow ring, and block-shaped specimens can be placed on a portal bracket, a rectangular base or a cubic base. When placing carvings, the pedestal is generally used. The pedestal is generally made of wood, which can take various forms and be integrated with the carvings to play a role of beauty, balance and support.

3) Specimen special tray: The special tray for jewelry and jade specimens is generally made of wood or plastic, and is often made into a rectangle. The insole is a black or white soft interlayer, which is used to observe jewelry and jade specimens.

4) Specimen special box: semi-finished specimen boxes of jewelry and jade are generally made of wood or plastic, often made into squares, rectangles or circles, with black or white insoles, and made into three specifications according to the different needs of specimen size and shape; Jewelry and jade inlaid boxes are divided into necklace boxes and ring boxes according to their uses.

5.4 Sample packaging materials

Velvet, cotton, plastic bag.

5.5 Other equipment

Water cup, cloth cover, transparent glass (plastic) cover.

6 Inventory arrangement of specimens

6. 1 According to the purpose

According to the purpose of the specimen, the specimen library is divided into different areas, such as teaching area, scientific research area, exhibition area, collection area and so on. , and stored in different areas.

6.2 According to the preservation environment

Divide different areas according to the preservation environment of specimens, such as putting specimens that need constant temperature and humidity together.

6.3 by type

On the basis of the above classification, gems, jade and organic gems should be preserved separately.

6.4 by variety

Try to put the same type or variety of jewelry and jade specimens together.

6.5 Classification by place of origin

For the same species, specimens can be divided into domestic specimens and specimens from other countries and different regions, and specimens from the same region should be put together as far as possible.

6.6 others

The specimens of research institutions can also be arranged in different grades according to the rarity and research degree of the specimens (see Appendix B). Within the classification of each specimen type, the further arrangement is placed according to the time sequence of specimen storage.

7 Requirements and steps for saving specimens

1) Check the original record of the specimen, that is, the specimen label (see Appendix A for the format).

2) Check the specimen, and check whether the original recorded content of the specimen is consistent with the actual situation of the specimen. If there are any differences, record the reasons.

3) Write the inventory position label according to the inventory arrangement principle of warehouse specimens, and fill in the corresponding position in the specimen label record format. Then mark the specimen. For the original stone specimen, mark the number on the bottom or inconspicuous place of the specimen with white paint or tape. For inlaid ornaments, you can also hang small labels.

4) Determine the preservation conditions of specimens, and prepare corresponding packaging and preservation instruments according to different needs of specimens. Because of the general stability of jewelry and jade specimens, the preservation of general specimens does not need special protection, but for some special specimens (such as those that need to be protected from light, etc.). ), as well as precious and rare specimens and specimens with great scientific value, need to be preserved under corresponding special conditions. General requirements: pay attention to separate samples of different varieties and hardness to avoid scratching each other; Handle with care to avoid collision and friction; Avoid being corroded by high temperature and acid-base solution.

5) Save the specimen to the corresponding inventory location, and mark the number on the preservation instrument.

6) Input the photos into the electronic database of specimens of this unit and save them in high definition; Enter the position number of the specimen into its electronic file for quick search. According to the specimen receipt form (see Appendix C), the electronic file information of this specimen is established.

8 Daily maintenance of jewelry and jade specimens

Jewelry and jade specimens need careful care, regular cleaning and inspection, because they are easily damaged.

For the cleaning and maintenance of jewelry and jade specimens, please refer to the Technical Specification for the Arrangement of Jewelry and Jade Specimens.

Staff should regularly check whether there is wear, damage or loose inlay, and then make remedial repairs.

9 warehouse management

-The specimen library is generally open to the public, and visitors should be accompanied by special personnel when entering, and fill in the visitor registration form (see Appendix D for the format).

—— If it is necessary to borrow specimens, the specimen administrator shall abide by the relevant borrowing regulations according to the specimen grade (see Appendix B); Specimens that can be checked out must be carefully filled in the Specimen Borrowing Registration Form (see Appendix E for the format) before they can be checked out.

—— Specimen management personnel should carefully check the specimens when returning them. If they find that the specimens are lost or damaged, they should be punished according to the corresponding regulations of the unit and make records.

—— Establish a warehouse log (see Appendix F for the format) to be filled in by the warehouse administrator every day.

10 specimen count

The purpose of specimen counting is not only to strengthen internal management and prevent internal theft, but also to check whether the records are consistent with the specimens. The types and steps of inventory include:

1) There are two kinds of specimen counting: ① According to time, it is divided into periodic counting and temporary counting. Periodic inventory means that the specific date is determined by each unit according to its own actual situation, such as the time interval is one month, one quarter, etc. , and temporary counting refers to irregular sampling, including random sampling and personnel transfer; (2) According to the range of specimen counting, it can be divided into comprehensive counting and partial counting. Comprehensive counting refers to counting all specimens in the warehouse, and partial counting refers to counting specimens in specific parts.

2) Specimen counting steps: ① In the preparation stage, make clear the principle, scope, method, time and participants of specimen counting (consisting of counting personnel and checking personnel, which must be carried out by more than two people); (2) Specimen counting stage, checking whether the number of specimens and specimens are consistent with the records of labels and electronic databases; (3) In the summary stage, write a summary report on specimen counting and put forward suggestions on strengthening specimen protection and improving management, which will be signed by the participants and confirmed by the leaders.

Appendix a

(normative appendix)

Specimen label record

Table A. 1 Records of original stone specimens of jewelry and jade

Table A.2 Records of semi-finished and finished jewelry and jade specimens

Appendix b

(normative appendix)

Sample grading

Jewelry and jade specimens can be divided into high, medium and low grades according to their preciousness and economic value, so as to be classified and preserved.

B. 1 advanced specimen (or precious specimen)

Meet one of the following criteria, that is, it belongs to advanced specimens:

A rare specimens with great ornamental value or cultural relics value or special significance.

B specimens with important research, and relevant research data and materials have been published in famous or authoritative magazines at home and abroad.

C for specimens with high economic value, the specific economic measurement standards shall be formulated by each preservation unit according to its own actual situation.

Without the approval of the person in charge of the specimen bank, such specimens may not be checked out. Specimens with high value will be stored in a safe and kept by a special person. If it needs to be exhibited, special protection measures should be taken.

B.2 intermediate sample

Rare value, economic value or cultural relics value is higher, but not as good as high-grade specimens, or specimens with more important value for research work.

Such specimens can only be checked out after being signed by the person in charge of the specimen bank. Relevant research data and materials can be enjoyed according to natural science and technology resources, and both parties agree to enjoy the materials in a certain way. The specimen borrower can provide the research results to the specimen library after studying the specimens.

B.3 low-level specimens (or ordinary specimens)

This kind of specimen is generally used for research, and its economic value is not high, such as popular science and teaching specimens.

This kind of specimen can only be checked out after it has been checked out.

Appendix c

(normative appendix)

Specimen storage list

Table C. 1 specimen receipt document

Appendix d

(normative appendix)

Visitor registration form

Table D. 1 visitor registration form

Appendix e