Original text:
When I arrived in Shandong, I saw temples, cars, clothes, rituals and music, and Confucian scholars exercised etiquette at Confucius' house on time. I couldn't leave.
There are many kings and saints in the world, before and after Dou Rong's death.
Confucius is a civilian, and by more than ten generations, people who study have respected him.
From the son of heaven to the six classics of Chinese studies, Confucius' teachings are all taken as the criterion, and Confucius can be said to be the noblest moral knowledge of the people!
When I went to Ludi, I saw Zhong Ni's ancestral temple, vehicles, costumes and sacrificial objects. Confucian scholars practice etiquette in Confucius' former residence on time, and I can't leave there.
There are many things in the world, from kings to sages. They were all brilliant for a while before they died. Confucius is a civilian, handed down from generation to generation, and scholars respect him. From the emperor to the princes, all the people who teach the Six Classics in the Central Plains should be judged by Confucius, who can be said to be the supreme saint!
2. With a sigh, I went through the state of Lu to offer sacrifices to Confucius in the Tang Dynasty: Li Longji.
Original text:
Ah, master, how can the world repay your long-term concern? .
The lords of Zou misjudged your land, and your home was regarded as Lu's palace.
You predict that when the phoenix disappears, your fate will end, and you know that the captured unicorn will be the symbol of your teaching dose.
Will this sacrifice I saw between two temple pillars be the same death omen that you dreamed of a long time ago? .
Translation:
Dear Kong Old Master Q, you have worked hard all your life and traveled around the world. What exactly do you want to achieve? Today, this place is still a city in Jixian County, and you are finally buried in the land where you were born. However, your old house was destroyed by later generations and converted into Lu Palace. When you were born, the phoenix bird didn't arrive, and you sighed that your life was not good; When Kirin appeared, you were sad and plaintive, lamenting that the world was chaotic and poor.
You have been unhappy all your life. Look at you sitting in front of the hall today, accepting the memorial of future generations. Just like what you saw in your dream before you died, you must feel a little comfort.
3, "Answer Boyong" Feng Jing in Song Dynasty
Original text:
Confucius' writings are all over the world, and Confucius' teachings are all over the world.
The man or woman who gets the text is hungry.
Confucius' literary talent is well known all over the world, and Confucius' Confucianism and Taoism are used all over the world. All the people who get his articles are officials and disciples, and all the people who get his truth are poor.
4, "Feng He Sheng Zhi Lu Ji Kong Ying Shi" Tang: Zhang said.
Original text:
Zou Lu, the hometown of Kong Shengjia, is the tomb of Confucianism.
Dalong and Feng returned to the old house.
Confucius' home is in Shandong, and his Confucian style is world-famous. When the emperor's chariot came to his residence, everyone praised his achievements.
5. "Sorrow for Confucius" Song Dynasty: Wang Anshi
Original text:
Sadly, Confucius didn't, and Chitose didn't have Kirin.
Do your best, and you must cherish it.
Sighing that there is no Confucius in this world is like there is no Kirin in a thousand years. The world is full of ignorance, and no one can know that such things are precious.
2. Li Bai's poem "Lu Shan Ge Jian Lu Xuzhou" is about Confucius. Li Bai, a madman in Chu, sang a crazy song to argue Confucius.
Holding a green jade stick in his hand, he bid farewell to the famous Yellow Crane Tower early in the morning. All five holy mountains, no distance, according to a constant habit in my life.
Lushan Mountain stands beside the South Big Dipper, and it is like a nine-sided screen, reflecting in the Crystal Lake, deepening the clear water. The Golden Gate leads to two mountains, and a silver stream hangs down to three stone bridges.
Xianglufeng Waterfall is separated from it by a distance, and it is a heavy cliff towering into the sky. The morning glow is red in Cui Yun, and the birds fly and grow.
Between the sky above and the sky below, the river is gone forever. The sky is grey and windy, and the river flows like a snow-capped mountain.
I like singing for the majestic Lushan Mountain, which thrives because of its scenery. When looking at the stone mirror to purify the soul, Xie Lingyun's footprints were covered with moss.
I will take the elixir of life to eliminate the world and practice the three Dan and three products. Watching immortals in colorful clouds, holding hibiscus in hand.
Immortals have met in nine days, and I hope to see you invite me to visit Taiwan.
3. Four aspects of knowledge about Confucius Temple, Confucius Temple, Confucius Temple, Confucius Temple, Confucius Holy House and the place where Confucius descendants live. Historically, descendants of Confucius were called "Duke of Feast".
As the western neighbor of the Confucius Temple, the Confucius House is quite large, and it is the largest mansion in China after the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Confucius House, formerly known as Duke House of Feast, is located in the east of Confucius Temple in Qufu City.
It is the official and private residence of feast dukes in past dynasties. It was built in the first year of Bao (A.D. 1038).
It is the noble residence of China, second only to the Forbidden City, and is known as "the best in the world". Confucius House covers an area of more than 200 mu, with 463 halls and 9 courtyards. The layout is divided into three roads: East Road is the seat of ancestral temple, including newspaper office and pottery temple. West Road is the place where the Duke of Feast once studied, studied poetry, recited and received visitors. There are a Chinese book hall and an Huai hall, and the north and south flower halls are the rooms of ordinary guests. The middle road is the main part of Confucius. It used to be a government office with three halls, six halls and four yamen, namely Gouhu, Baihu, Kongting and Qufu County.
The house in the back, and finally the Confucius Garden. Confucius House is a typical aristocratic manor in China's feudal society, which combines official residence with inner residence.
Covering an area of more than 240 mu, there are 463 buildings such as halls, halls, buildings and pavilions, which are divided into three roads: China, East and West. East Road is the home temple, West Road is the academy and Middle Road is the main building.
The west road is the living room courtyard, the east road is the family temple, and the middle road is divided into two parts, the former is the official residence and the latter is the residence. It is a classical building integrating official residence, family temple and living room. The official's son has three halls, six halls and four yamen.
The inner hall, including the front building, the front hall building and the back hall building, is the place where the duke's family activities are feasted. Until now, you can still see the luxurious furnishings and daily necessities of the 76th generation feast duke and Kong Decheng, the grandson of Confucius, in Taiwan Province. Located at the south gate of Qufu City, Shandong Province, the Confucius Temple is the first temple dedicated to Confucius. It was built in 478 BC, with the former residence of Confucius as the temple and the specifications of the imperial palace. It is one of the three ancient buildings in China and occupies an important position in the history of world architecture.
In addition, there are Confucius temples in Fuzhou, Beijing, Quzhou and Deyang. Temple [1] (Temple) is located at116 58' 30 "-35 36' 42" north latitude.
Confucius Temple in Qufu is a temple dedicated to Confucius. It is the first and model of more than 2,000 Confucius temples in China, Korea, Japan, Vietnam, Indonesia, Singapore, the United States and other countries. It is said that the Confucius Temple was built in 478 BC, and the year after the death of Confucius (478 BC), Lu Aigong converted its old residence into a temple. Since then, successive emperors have continuously sealed Confucius and expanded temples. In the Qing Dynasty, Yong Zhengdi ordered an overhaul and expanded it to a modern scale.
There are nine courtyards in the temple, which are divided into left, middle and right roads with the north-south axis, with a length of 630m and a width of 140m. There are more than 460 temples, halls, altars and pavilions, with 54 doorways. 13 "Imperial Monument Pavilion" has 65,438 buildings. Shengji Temple, Ming Tombs Pavilion and Dacheng Hall display a large number of stone inscriptions. In particular, the Han stele preserved here is the largest in China, and there are also many treasures in previous dynasties. The number of steles is second only to Xi 'an stele forest, which is called the second stele forest in China.
Confucius Temple is the existing ancient architectural complex in China, second only to the Forbidden City. It is one of the three ancient buildings in China, and it is a model of large-scale temple architecture in ancient China. Kong Lin, Kong Lin is a national key cultural relic protection unit, formerly known as Zhishenglin, and is the cemetery of Confucius and his family.
Kong Lin is the graveyard of Confucius and his descendants. Located in the north of Qufu, covering an area of more than 3,000 mu.
It is the largest, longest-lasting and most intact clan tombs and artificial gardens in China. Kong Lin is a national key cultural relics protection unit, formerly known as Zhishenglin, and is the cemetery of Confucius and his family.
After Confucius died, his disciples buried him in Surabaya in the north of Lucheng. At that time, it was still a "tomb, not a grave" (there was no high soil uplift). During the Qin and Han Dynasties, although tombs were built very high, there were few cemeteries and only a few forest guards. Later, with the improvement of Confucius' status, the scale of Kong Lin became larger and larger.
Confucius Cemetery is a national key cultural relics protection unit, formerly known as Zhi Lin Sheng, and it is the cemetery of Confucius and his family. After Confucius died, his disciples buried him in Surabaya, north of Qufu. At that time, it was still a "tomb, not a grave" (there was no high soil uplift).
During the Qin and Han Dynasties, although tombs were built very high, there were few cemeteries and only a few forest guards. Later, with the improvement of Confucius' status, the scale of Kong Lin became larger and larger. Emperor Huan of the Eastern Han Dynasty lived forever for three years (A.D. 157). Lu Hao repaired the tomb of Confucius Temple, built a sacred gate in front of the tomb, built a vegetarian village in the southeast, and swept several households in Wu primary school. At that time, Kong Lin was "only one hectare".
It was not until the Southern and Northern Dynasties that 600 trees were planted. During Song Xuanhe's reign, stone utensils were built in front of Confucius' tomb.
Kong Lin is located 2 kilometers north of Qufu County. It is the largest, longest-lasting and most intact clan tombs and artificial gardens in China. The forest walls are all made of gray bricks, three or four meters high and 7.3 kilometers long, covering an area of 3,000 mu. The ancient trees in the wall are towering and the forest is deep. According to legend, Confucius' disciples planted trees in the forest of their hometown, so there are many kinds of trees.
There are countless graves, stone tablets and stone ants in the forest. Besides the tombs and buildings of Confucius, Kong Li and Kong Ji, there are also the tombs of Kong Lingyi, Kong, Kong Wenshao and Kong. In addition to a number of famous Han Dynasty stone tablets being moved into Confucius Temple, there are inscriptions by great calligraphers of past dynasties such as Li Dongyang, Yan Song, Weng Fanggang, He, Kang Youwei, etc., so it has the reputation of forest of steles and is a treasure house of calligraphy art.
Confucius' famous aphorism 1 Learn while learning. Be sensitive to what you say. 3. Learning without thinking is useless. It is dangerous to think without learning. 4. People who don't believe or know what they can do. 5. Speak slowly, but be sensitive to what they can do. 6. Germany is not alone, but there must be neighbors. 7. Listen to what they say and see what they do. 8. Sensitive and eager to learn, not ashamed to ask questions. 9. So this gentleman 10. Stay away from ghosts and gods 1 1. There have been people who want to stand up, and there have been people who want to get in touch with people 12. In ancient times 13. Learn silently, never tire of learning and never tire of teaching 14. Ill-gotten wealth. I didn't know that old age was coming 16. There must be a teacher in a threesome, and the sentence is frank, a petty man is anxious and worried.. , 18. When it is cold, you will know that the pine and cypress wither after 19. The knower is not confused, the benevolent is not worried, and the brave is not afraid. . .
4. Describe Confucius' sentences. The idiom story related to Confucius (1) is addressed to the sage (2) There is no class in teaching (3) Seeing the sage Si Qi (4) Pursuing the distance with caution (5) Drawing lessons from the past (6) Learning from the past (7) Going forward bravely (8) Complaining about others (2 ■ Perfect: described to the extreme. Then I was greatly moved. I have been thinking for many days, eating meat is tasteless. I don't know the taste of meat in March, which was originally used to describe Confucius' fascination with music. It is really strange that later generations use it to describe poverty. Kan Kan said: I talked leisurely about Confucius' position in the hierarchy of the Zhou Dynasty. Confucius was a man who tried to follow Zhou Zhili. He talks to people and talks nonsense. In court, I am good at talking, but a little cautious; In the imperial court, when the monarch was away, Kan Kan talked with officials at the same level with confidence; Speak kindly to your superiors; The monarch came, respectful and uneasy, and cautious. ■ Don't give up day and night: it means that time keeps passing. Confucius has a strong sense of time, and once sighed by the river: "The deceased is like a husband, not giving up day and night." It means: time is gone forever! Like that river that runs day and night! Time is like running water, so we must cherish it. Confucius is famous in history because he knows that time is wealth! ■ Do not pick up the remains: describe the good social atmosphere and good morality. Confucius served as several officials in Shandong. During his tenure, Lu's politics has greatly improved: selling things without bargaining; If you drop something, don't panic. Ordinary people have their own personalities and refuse to pick them up and take them for themselves. ■ Becoming a master: It means that you have reached a certain level, or received special guidance from the teacher. Luz, a disciple of Confucius, is brave and fearless. One day, he played a musical instrument in Confucius' house, and his voice was murderous, which violated Confucius' taboo-benevolence. Confucius naturally didn't like it, so it was inconvenient to have an attack, so he was dissatisfied: "Lutz's ability to play musical instruments has been boarded." Boring! "As soon as Confucius' disciples heard that Old Master Q was dissatisfied with Lutz, they immediately changed their views and attitudes towards Lutz and despised him more and more. Two revelations: it is best to be quiet in other people's homes; For the boss, you should know how to do what you like! ■ Hearsay: generally refers to unfounded rumors. Confucius said: Hearsay discredits people and abandons morality, saying: If hearsay says something without foundation, it will spread irresponsibly on the road. This moral style is unacceptable. There are many similar things that have been solemnly turned around. In fact, these rumors are full of loopholes, as long as you think about it and check it carefully. Be alert! ■ Being angry and forgetting to eat: describes hard work and study. There was a man named Yin in the State of Chu. He asked Confucius' disciples to talk about his views on Confucius. His disciple was dull and cautious, and he didn't say a word, so County Yin had to be unhappy. After learning this, Confucius complained: Why didn't you say: My teacher is a good reader, so angry that he forgot to eat, but forgot his heart! The disciples immediately understood and said with shame, "Teacher, I am confused. Now I finally understand. If someone asks me again in the future, I will answer according to the teacher's instructions. "Confucius was comfortable and smiled happily:" Good, good, good. "As the saying goes, wine is not afraid of the deep alley, but Confucius knows how to blow at the right time. It is really an example for us to learn! ■ Drumming attack: describes a person who denounces crimes. Ran Qiu, a disciple of Confucius, worked in North Korea and was going to try out the new law and ask Confucius for advice. Confucius happened to be on the conservative side, so he was so angry that he scolded Ran like a dog. Ran Qiu insisted on his own reform again and again, so Confucius issued an assassination order to all his disciples: Ran Qiu is not my disciple, so let's attack him together! " [[The Analects of Confucius. Advanced articles]] "Oh, it's not my apprentice, it's the boy who can beat the drums! Wow, many hands make light work. Since ancient times, there have been more people than there are, and the style of bullying and being afraid of hard work has long been stereotyped. How is your social relationship? Are you hard backstage? Do you have many friends? If not, you must be careful and live a completely clean life! ■ Bullying the weak by the strong: bullying the weak by the strong, and the leader of the slave owner uprising was degraded as a thief by the literati. Confucius wanted to persuade the thief to take the right path, so he dared to go to him. As a result, he was scolded by the thief, making Confucius blind, ashen and ashamed! Over the years, people who are tired of Confucius have scolded along with the hero who stole their feet whenever they have the opportunity: "You dead Confucius, who eats well and doesn't work, dresses well and doesn't spin, makes trouble all day, confuses the monarch and ministers all over the world, and makes false acts of honoring parents and loving brothers for fame and fortune. After the rise of Yao and Shun, you will be the biggest thief in the world. "Since then, society has been bullying the weak. You're talking about something I spit on, and you can't keep humanity. It's all hypocritical and deceptive. Why do people call me a thief instead of calling you a thief? You sinful man, come back quickly, otherwise, I will use your liver to add food and wine! " ■ Dongshan: Metaphorically speaking, I don't know the celebrities around me. The famous mountain in Shandong, the hometown of Confucius, has been known to almost everyone for thousands of years. However, when he was alive, he was not so famous. It is said that there lived an old man to the west of Confucius, but he was not a big shot in the neighborhood. Every time I mention Confucius, I will call him by his nickname and say that he is my Dongshan.
5. Sentences describing ancient buildings in Qufu (highly appreciated) Zoucheng, the hometown of Mencius, is located in the south of our province, adjacent to Qufu, the hometown of Confucius. It has long been collectively called "Zou Lu" and has the reputation of "the hometown of Confucius and Mencius and the birthplace of culture". 1989 was named as the first batch of provincial historical and cultural cities by the provincial government.
There are many sites, relics and memorial buildings related to Mencius, such as the Temple of Mencius, the Mansion of Mencius and the Forest of Mencius. Mencius is another representative figure of Confucianism after Confucius.
His theory of valuing the people over the monarch and his theory of nourishing qi are unique in the history of China's thoughts. Therefore, since ancient times, Confucius and Mencius have mentioned that Confucius is a saint and Mencius is a sub-saint.
A few days ago, a reporter visited this ancient "holy land". Temples with colorful arches, temples shaded by cypress trees, tombs like hills and etched stone tablets are all silently telling the vicissitudes of history. During this period, Mencius' well-known statements, such as "wealth can't be lewd, poverty can't be moved, and power can't be bent", became more and more vivid in his mind. After all, the influence of ideas is more lasting and more deeply rooted in people's hearts than the remains of physical objects.
The deserted temples depict history. Located in Nanguan, Zoucheng City, Mencius Temple, also known as Yasheng Temple, is a place where Mencius was sacrificed in past dynasties. Ms. Zhang Hui, who has been a tour guide in Zoucheng Cultural Relics Bureau for many years and is now the deputy director of Mengfu Management Office of Mengmiao, told the reporter that after Mencius' death, he did not use the main hall where he lived as a temple like Confucius, but visited his tomb in the Four Seasons Mountain in the Northern Song Dynasty 1300( 1037) years later and built a temple based on it.
In the past 1000 years, it has been rebuilt as many as 38 times. The existing buildings were rebuilt after the earthquake in Kangxi period of Qing Dynasty, and the scale was second only to that of Confucius Temple. It is one of the oldest and best-preserved ancient buildings in our province, and it is also a rare masterpiece of ancient buildings in Song, Yuan and Ming dynasties in China. 1988 was announced by the State Council as a national key cultural relics protection unit together with Mengfu.
Entering the Mengmiao Temple and Lingxingmen, the first thing you see is the carpenter's room with arches on the east and west sides. On the left is "connecting the past with the future" and on the right is "learning from the scriptures", which is obviously praising Mencius' contribution to Confucianism. Passing through Yasheng Square, the temples of Meng moved forward one by one, with different courtyards and patterns.
Sub-temple is the main building of Meng Temple, which is an ancient art museum integrating architecture, sculpture, painting and calligraphy. There is a pair of couplets inscribed by Emperor Qianlong on the post, which reads: "Respect the king as Emperor Yao and care about the country and the people." In the hall, there is a calligraphy plaque inscribed by Yong Zhengdi, and there is a tall Imperial Monument Pavilion on its side, which contains the calligraphy "Imperial Temple Monument" inscribed by Emperor Kangxi.
The "Yasheng Mansion" adjacent to the Mencius Temple is the place where Mencius' direct descendants have lived for generations. With the lobby as the boundary, the former is the official residence and the latter is the inner residence. It preserved many imperial robes, imperial edicts, jewels and calligraphy and paintings given by the emperor, reflecting the glory of the past. In front of the lobby, there is a gold-lettered couplet in official script: "Inherit the past and the future, carry forward the past and forge ahead into the future, inherit the thousands of years of swallows' wings, the benevolent will live, and the martyrs will be honored for hundreds of generations." "
It vividly summarizes Mencius' achievements. Due to the delay of publicity, Zoucheng's popularity is far from comparable to that of neighboring Qufu.
For this reason, reporters visited all the way, rarely seeing tourists, and there was no noise in the city. In such a quiet atmosphere, it is easier to feel and touch history and think about the bearing and sublation of life.
In fact, ancient buildings are alive, and they often reflect vivid history in tranquility, enlightening people and immersing people in thinking and imagination. After the completion of the Meng Temple, people came to pay homage.
In addition to the temple repairs, sacrificial activities and numerous inscriptions left by feudal emperors, there are also many poems left by literati in past dynasties. Some people describe the Mencius Temple as "a poem full of historical sites".
The tunnel along the east side of Mengmiao is the famous "Mengmiao Historic Forest". There are only two people in the compound, the reporter and director Zhang Hui, so you can savor it.
After reading the memorial tablet of Basiba, the carved stone of Xiao Zhuan Mountain by Qin Lisi in Yuan Dynasty, and the epitaph of Su Yuhua by Ou Yangxun, the reporter stopped for a long time in front of the memorial tablets of "Meng Mu Broken Machine" and "Meng Mu Sanyun" in Qing Dynasty, and his thoughts were flying. Mencius was born in poverty when he was young and lost his father at the age of three, all thanks to his mother's education.
Meng Mu urged Mencius to learn Confucianism and etiquette by "moving from one place to another" and "teaching children by breaking the rules". Today, there is Meng Mu Hall in the northeast corner of Meng Temple. In front of the main hall stands a stone tablet engraved with the words "one mother teaches one person", which summarizes the virtues of Meng Mu's teaching children all his life.
The theme of the inscription in Mengmiao Temple is to respect and praise Mencius. Director Zhang Hui has a deep research on this and has a lot of treasures.
"Seven articles are read at the beginning, and they will be remembered for life", which shows respect for teachers; The worshippers also expounded Mencius' knowledge in the language of poetry. Such as "seven books, benevolence and righteousness."
You can learn from it for thousands of years. "There are many poems describing the scenery of Mencius Temple in Zoucheng. Dong Qichang's "Ancient Pavilion of the Temple of Mencius" can be described as a masterpiece: "If you love this tree of the Temple of Mencius, you will see a typical one.
Wogenzhu is moist and full of energy. Read the world, grind the Qin pen, and meet Lu Qing.
Only when you know that you have lost your life will you be included in the immortal classics. In the poems written by worshippers, there are also poems about the rise and fall of Mencius Temple, which record the historical events related to Mencius, Mencius Temple and Mencius' hometown.
Director Zhang Hui introduced that there are more than 350 inscriptions in Mengzilin and Temple, which were first carved in Jin Dynasty, more than 800 years ago. Most of them were carved in the Ming Dynasty, dating back to 350 to 600 years ago.
The latest stone carving in the late Qing Dynasty was more than 100 years ago. Some of these precious stone carvings stand beside the front road of the temple, some are embedded in the inner wall of the city wall, and some are embedded under the gatehouse. There are 98 well-preserved 74 stone carvings, some of which have been seriously eroded due to long-term sun exposure and wind and rain.
Thankfully, some local scholars on Mencius in Zoucheng are collecting all the poems scattered around the country to prepare for Fu Zi's book. This is not only conducive to the preservation of these endangered masterpieces, but also easy to spread widely, providing rare materials for Confucianism, especially Mencius.
There is nothing good about it. The tree of thought is still lush. There are more than 430 trees in the Meng Temple.
Most of these trees are over 8900 years old, much older than all the buildings in the temple. In the temple surrounded by ancient trees, there is a colorful sculpture of Mencius, with majestic eyes and gentle and powerful words that seem to come out of his fluttering moustache: "Fish, what I want.