Five-color crystals are produced in all countries. The important bereaved countries of amethyst are Brazil, Uruguay, South Africa and Madagascar, as well as Zhongwei, India, the United States and other places.
Touch, look and row.
First, feel if it's cold. In hot summer, crystal stone is also very cold, but not as cold as ice. It's just hypothermia. Sweetening with the tip of the tongue is very cold.
Then look for signs of monopoly of rock crystals, such as cotton wool and clouds. If there is, it is true. None of these are artificial. If there is a bubble [even one], it's fake, it's glass.
If you scratch the glass, it's not the crystal that gets hurt. Because crystal stone is harder than glass.
1. Specific gravity: light weight must be fake, so that imitation products such as glass, plastic and acrylic can be cleaned. However, there are many crystals on the market now, the weight of which is similar to that of rock crystal, so it is not convenient to invent the truth and falsehood by hand. Some special ones with heavy specific gravity (heavier than crystal) belong to purple lead glass. 2. Look at the crystal: If there are bubbles in it, it must be glass (melted crystal). Those with growth lines must be cultured crystals. And the one with glue and cotton is definitely crystal stone. 3. Look at the color: Now both molten crystals and artificial crystals can be colored, and the colors that can be added can be confused with the real ones. Therefore, if you want to distinguish between true and false, you must see whether purple is attached to the crystal. If you look at the absolutely natural amethyst in the morning and at sunset, you will find a dichroic system! 4. Price: Ordinary fused crystal has the lowest price, followed by artificial crystal, and the highest is rock crystal. The 8 yuan of ordinary natural amethyst with better color is about one gram, and the best may reach 40-60 0 yuan one gram. 5. Feel: It feels cold, the feel of rock crystal is similar to that of cultured crystal, and the feel of melted crystal is similar to that of glass. 6. Inclusions: crystals with inclusions will never be fake crystals, so you can buy crystals with inclusions such as hair crystals and ghost images with absolute confidence, because it is expensive and laborious to forge such things, and it is convenient to be seen through. 7. Ordinary crystal inner cities will have cotton bodies or ice cracks, while synthetic crystals or glass will probably have bubbles, and cultured crystals will have growth lines. Eight. Chromatic aberration: Crystal has chromatic aberration. Every part of the small rock crystal has a uniform color, such as topaz, which is rare in the market. Natural topaz can be identified in water. Natural topaz is uneven in color in water. Usually one color radiates to the whole crystal, which is yellow. Crystal culture is absolutely unified.
(1) Examining with a magnifying glass: Examining with a ten-fold magnifying glass under transmitted light, it can be found that the bottom of the bubble may or may not be a false crystal.
(2) At first glance, rock crystals always contain some impurities during their formation. When observing the sun, you may see weak, uniform and tiny striped or catkin-like substances. Fake crystals are mostly made of inferior crystal slag and glass slag, which are melted, polished and colored, and there are no uniform stripes and catkin-like substances.
(3) Check with hair: If the crystal is placed on a hair, the human eye can see the double shadow of the hair through the crystal, it is a rock crystal, mainly because the crystal has birefringence.
(4) Lick your tongue: Even in the dog days of hot summer, licking the appearance of rock crystal with your tongue will feel cold and cool. Fake crystals are not cool.
(5) Illumination: The crystal stone stands upright in the sun, and it can radiate beautiful brilliance no matter from which angle it is viewed. Fake crystals are not.
(6) Check with dichroism: natural amethyst has dichroism, while fake amethyst has no dichroism.
(7) Test with thermal conductivity meter: dispatch the thermal conductivity meter to the green square to test the gem, and the rock crystal can rise to the yellow square, but the false crystal does not rise, and when the splitting area is large, it will rise to the yellow square.
(8) Hardness: the hardness of the crystal is very high, and the stone will be scratched on the jewelry silently, leaving no traces of Tongji Quansong tea; If there are streaks, it is a fake crystal.
(9) Inspection with a polarizer: When rotated 360 degrees under the polarizer, the rock crystal with four bright and four dark changes, and the pseudocrystal without change.
Distinguish between natural crystals and synthetic crystals
Another feature that distinguishes crystal stone from artificial crystal is crystal lamp. Rock crystal ornaments have greasy light on the surface, and synthetic crystal ornaments have glass light on the surface. At present, there is no synthetic crystal with greasy light.
Although crystal is not a precious gem, it is increasingly favored by men, women and children all over the world because of its medical care and low price. As an interest in crystals, everyone wants to have all kinds of crystals, whether natural or synthetic, but he certainly wants to know whether his crystals are synthetic or natural.
At present, colorless crystal titanium source necklaces and Tongji Quan Song tea crystal titanium source necklaces on the market can be described as natural and synthetic, while colored crystal titanium source necklaces are mostly synthetic crystals. There are fewer absolutely natural colored crystals, and even fewer are used to make titanium source necklaces.
The biggest feature of synthetic crystal is that it has a daughter nucleus. Synthetic crystal, if it has a crystal nucleus, is easier to identify, because the crystal is the same as the ordinary colorless long plate column, and the boundary with the nearby synthetic crystal is very clear. However, some colorless synthetic crystals on the market recently, the crystal nucleus and synthesis are colorless. Some natural inclusions in the crystal nucleus or some bubbles between the crystal nucleus and synthetic crystals make some experienced people easily mistake them for rock crystals. Careful observation, they will find what kind of inclusions only exist in children and hosts, and they feel blocked by an invisible wall nearby. The bubbles between the crystal nucleus and the synthetic crystal spread along the crystal nucleus wall, forming a "bubble wall" which is parallel to each other. Some bubbles are tadpole-shaped, with the head facing the wall and the tail facing outward. In rock crystals, groups of inclusions are often arranged along a surface, but this surface is often single and fluctuating. Under the gem microscope, it will be found that the inclusions that make up this surface are binomial inclusions, not just bubbles. The difference between the two is obvious.
The second characteristic of synthetic crystals, especially color synthetic crystals, is the uniformity of smoke color. The whole necklace of titanium source is even in color, especially the yellow crystal series and the synthetic crystal brown and dark black of Tongji Quan Song. However, natural yellow is often uneven with brown and dark black crystals in Tongji Quan Song. Stone crystals are not only uneven in color, but also brown in Quan Song in Tongji (except brown crystals in Tongji Quan Song). More interestingly, under the white orange light at night, the yellow crystals in Tongji Quansong tea have no yellow color, which looks like the brown crystals in Tongji Quan Song after S service. If it is mixed with the brown crystal of Tongji Quan Song, it will be difficult to identify it. The synthetic topaz I have seen is pure and even in color, with some dark colors, but it doesn't have the color of Tongji Quansong tea, and it won't change color under the white orange lamp at night.
The stability of the numerical value lies in that in synthetic amethyst, some deep purple flakes with good orientation often appear, which is convenient for people to imagine the characteristics of irregular flake color groups in natural amethyst. The biggest difference between the two is that the purple clusters in the synthetic amethyst are arranged in parallel sheets, with little difference in size and shape. For example, the purple clusters in natural amethyst can be regarded as fluttering "purple smoke clusters". This is an important difference between the two.
Natural colored crystals, especially amethyst, have another feature, that is, hexagonal bands like sapphire. Fascinating is that in some green crystals, parallel bands usually appear, and the bands develop parallel to each other along the crystal nucleus. I've also seen a string of titanium necklace with synthetic green crystal. Yellow and green appear in the countryside, much like ribbons of rock crystals. In addition, there are some brown translucent solid impurities in it, which can be easily mistaken for natural green crystals. However, the strip composed of synthetic crystals is parallel to the subnuclear wall, and the angles between objects are straight. The whole string of titanium source necklaces varies, and the width and color of each ribbon change the same, giving people an unnatural feeling of "French difference".
The third characteristic of synthetic crystal is cleanliness. There are inclusions and sponges in rock crystals, and the synthetic crystals are crystal clear. Some synthetic crystals have bubbles or some solid impurities. Recently, some synthetic crystals often have triangular long tubular pores, in which there are green lux powders. This kind of long tube is characterized by parallel arrangement in one direction and triangular cross section. Uneven bluish-red powder is often scattered along the wall, the middle is generally empty, and the end of the long tube is often pointed. Absolute natural crystals are crystals containing tourmaline, actinolite, rutile and other minerals, which have gas crystal forms, such as the "bamboo-like" form of actinolite. They are wrapped in crystals, randomly arranged without direction, with different names in black and white, often accompanied by inclusions and cotton inherent in rock crystals.
I like that kind of crystal clear, but I'm afraid to buy fake inferior products. Why not learn some distinguishing skills?
Specific gravity: things that are too light must be fake, so that imitations such as glass, plastic and pressed particles can be cleaned. However, there are many crystals on the market now, the weight of which is similar to that of rock crystal, so it is not convenient to invent the truth and falsehood by hand.
Refractive index: most people like to look at the crystal under the lamp, so they can't distinguish the authenticity of the crystal, only the grade of the crystal, because the refractive index of the crystal is very high. We may put the crystal in the middle of darkness, the brilliance of rock crystal will be very bright, and the brilliance of crystal cultivation will be dim, lacking the sense of "spirit", as long as it is a little brighter. The master may compare it with natural white crystal and glass and find it edifying.
Price: Crystal cultivation is similar to natural gem-grade crystal, that is, the crystal is extremely transparent. It is true that there is no stone pattern after S-suit, but the price is far from it. Usually, crystal training bracelets will be cut into sections. Crystal is transparent, but the price is generally not too high. However, if it is really a natural gem, the price must be above 100 yuan, depending on the size of the crystal.
Color difference: Crystal has color difference, and every local color of a small piece of crystal is uniform, such as topaz, which is rare in the market. Natural topaz can be identified in water. Natural topaz is uneven in color in water. Usually one color radiates to the whole crystal is yellow, so the crystal is absolutely radiant and uniform.
Others: it feels cold, and there will be no fakes in the crystal foundation with stone patterns.
Inclusions: If there are inclusions, there will be no fakes, so you can buy crystals with inclusions such as hair crystals and ghosts with absolute confidence, because it is expensive and laborious to forge such things, and it is easy to be seen through after coming out.
There are several kinds of fake crystals on the market: 1. Finished glass 2. Melted crystal 3. Lead glass 4. Synthetic crystal 5. Regenerate crystals (crystal growth).
Use a simple polarizer to distinguish the authenticity of the crystal. It is a refraction clip composed of upper and lower polarizers, which can distinguish glass from crystal. Because glass is an isotropic body, you can turn it any way if you put it in the middle of the refraction clip, and the fake crystal is always black; If you turn 360 degrees in the middle of the refraction clip, there will be four regular changes of light and shade, no doubt crystal.
Now there are colorless crystals, amethyst, topaz, smoky crystals and hair crystals used to make gems.
Crystal Rock Crystal is colorless and transparent, and is used to make crystal balls, jade carvings and crystal Ding Ting.
Amethyst is a kind of deep purple-lavender crystal, which is mainly used to make rings and jade carvings.
Shi Ying light gray crystal is very important for jade carving.
Topaz is an orange and brownish yellow crystal, which is very important for making gem ring.
Hair crystal hair crystal contains inclusions such as amphibole and tourmaline filled with fine fibers.
I. Physical chemistry
Crystal chemistry constitutes silicon dioxide. Tripartite system. The crystal is a columnar crystal, and the cone head is composed of hexagonal double push and hexagonal column.
Color: colorless, purple, yellow, brown, gray and dark black. Transparent.
Lamp: glass lamp.
The refractive index is1.54411.553 and the birefringence is 0.00.
Hardness seven.
Density two. 66 g/cm 3.
Shell fracture.
Amethyst has a weak to clear dichroism.
Second, the characteristics of naked eye wetting
There are many kinds of crystals on the market now, including natural colorless crystals, topaz, smoky crystals and amethyst. Artificially colored sky blue crystal, orange crystal, purple crystal and bicolor crystal; Synthetic colorless crystals and purple crystals. Because the shape and foundation are similar, there is not much difference between them.
1) The difference between a natural crystal ball and a glass ball
Now there are two colors of imitation crystal glass, one is colorless glass (fused crystal) which imitates colorless crystal as a crystal ball; One is amethyst-like purple glass.
Natural crystal balls are transparent in Ming Che. When you put it in water, you can probably see the gas-liquid inclusions or flocculent inclusions diffused in the small center, which feels very cold when you touch it with your hands. The glass ball made of melted crystal, transparent but not Ming Che, seems to be accompanied by milky light, and feels warm when touched by hand. When you put it in water, you may see round bubbles. In addition, the rock crystal shows signs of birefringence. Even if the birefringence is as low as 0.oo9, with the increase of the sphere, the two refracted rays will slowly leave. If a crystal ball is pressed on a newspaper printed with small fonts, there will be two signs when viewed vertically from the top of the ball: one is that the font is enlarged and the handwriting is clear (parallel to the light direction of the crystal). If you rotate the sphere by 90 degrees, besides enlarging the font, the handwriting is also double-edged. The larger the sphere, the clearer the double-edged font. Because the glass ball is isotropic, the handwriting observed perpendicular to the ball in any direction is clear, but it is not the most ghosted.
Amethyst-like purple glass, transparent and flawless, even purple, without purple stripes or spots. Put it in water or observe it with an IO magnifying glass, and you will probably see round bubbles.
Observing inclusions is also the best ability to distinguish rock crystals from synthetic crystals.
(2) The difference between crystal and topaz
Colorless or colored sky blue and orange crystals are very similar to colorless or colored sky blue and orange topaz. To the naked eye, the only difference is that the inner side of the bottom surface of faceted crystal is far less reflective than topaz. Although the reflection of crystal is bright, it has no mirror effect, and the reflection surface of topaz is as bright and white as a small mirror.
(3) The difference between rock crystal and color-changing crystal.
Rock crystals may appear brown, brown-black, golden yellow, purple and bicolor after being bombarded by ion accelerator or briefly irradiated by radioactivity. Except for bichromatic crystals, other colored crystals are uniform in color, and no color groups or ribbons can be seen when put into water. The changed crystal color is always accompanied by gray, and the color is not as beautiful as rock crystal.
So far, there are no crystals with two colors at both ends of the same crystal in nature, and only two-color crystals mixed with brown and purple are seen in Bolivia. At present, the two-color crystals distributed at both ends of the fixed stone on the market are all synthetic crystals that have changed color. The discolored synthetic crystals are brownish green and brownish red at both ends of the chamotte, which is likely to be pale Lu and reddish. The land of two colors is straight and clear, and there are more straight stripes in the war zone.
(4) Identification of natural amethyst and synthetic amethyst.
There are two differences between natural amethyst and synthetic amethyst.
Color and its diffusion The color of natural amethyst is beautiful and soft, but the diffusion is uneven. When the main stone is put into the water, you can see purple patches or flat ribbons. Synthetic amethyst has different shades of purple, which is generally uniform, accompanied by gray, and the color is not bright. Even if the color of some products is uneven, it changes slowly according to the light, and there is no purple ribbon with fast spots and direct battles.
Natural amethyst of inclusions, tiger-like healing cracks or hollow flocculent gas-liquid inclusions can be seen. However, synthetic amethyst rarely sees inclusions, and occasionally only thin-plate colorless seed crystals or white bread crumbs can be seen.
(5) The difference between natural colorless crystals and synthetic colorless crystals.
Natural colorless crystal and synthetic colorless crystal are important materials for making beaded top dragonflies and crystal balls in the market, and their main differences are inclusion and transparency.
Most of the inclusions in rock crystal titanium source necklaces or crystal balls always have some defects, so when they are immersed in water or hoisted out, some small cracks or flocculent gas-liquid inclusions on the reflective surface can be seen by naked eyes in some middle parts of some beads or crystal balls. However, there are few inclusions in the synthetic crystal, and the inside is dry and clear, and no defects can be seen.
Transparent rock crystal, blue and clear, with Ming Che inside. If you put the faceted beaded titanium source necklace in a white porcelain basin filled with water, you can see the periphery of each bead, and there is Ming Che with water in the middle of the bead, as if nothing exists. The synthetic crystal is naturally transparent, but after being put into water, the periphery of the beads is clear, but the middle is not as clear as the rock crystal beads and the nearby water, and the existence of the beads can be felt.