Serial number symbol The outer electron covalent classification of Chinese phonetic alphabet atomic weight English names English phonetic symbols Other 1 H hydrogen Q and NG111165438,-1 main/non/gas hydrogen ['haidr? Dn] is light, and its isotopes are deuterium, tritium, 2 He helium, hài4 1s2 main/non/dilute helium ['hi:li? M] it is the most difficult to liquefy 3 Li Li lǐ7 2s 1+1 main/gold/alkali lithium ['liθi? M] active 4 Be beryllium pí9 2s2 +2 matrix/gold/alkaline earth beryllium [be'rili? M] The lightest alkaline earth metal element 5 B boron Pé ng10.82S2P2P1+3 Main/abiotic ['b? :r？ N] Non-metallic element whose hardness is second only to that of diamond, 6 C carbon Tà n 122P2P2+2, +4, -4 main/non/gaseous carbon ['K ι: B? N] nitrogen Dan1422p3-3,+1, +2, +3, +4, +5 main/non/gaseous nitrogen ['naitr? Dn] The most abundant element in the air, 8 O oxygen, Y m: ng 162S22P4-2,-1, +2 principal/non/gaseous oxygen ['? Ksidn] The maximum fluoride in the crust is 9 F, and F ú 192S2P2P5- 1 main/non/halogen fluoride ['flu? Ri:n] is the most active, nonmetallic, and cannot be oxidized 10 Ne ne n m: i202s2p6 main/non/dilute neon ['ni:? N] Rare gas11nanana n233s1+1main/gold/sodium hydroxide ['s? udi？ M] activity12 mg m ě i243s2+2 main/gold/alkaline earth magnesium [m&; aeligɡ'ni:zi？ M] one of the light metals13al al lǐ 273s23p1+3 main/gold/gas aluminum [,&; Aelig Lu mingjie? M] The most abundant metal in the earth's crust is 14 Si Gu Si: 283S23P2+4 main/non-silicon ['silik? N] is second only to oxygen 15 P phosphorus Lí n313S23P3-3,3,5 main/non-phosphorus ['f? sf？ r？ S] white phosphorus has highly toxic sulfur 16 S, Li ú 323s23p4-2,4,6 main/non-sulfur [S? What if? ] The texture is soft and light. Combustion with oxygen forms toxic sulfur dioxide 17 Cl chloride lincarnation 35.53s3p5-1,1,3,5,7 main/non/halogen chloride ['kl? : ri:n] toxic activity 18 Ar argon y403s23p6 main/non/dilute argon ['ɑ: ɡ? N] Rare gas, the most abundant rare gas in the air is 19 K potassium Ji: 39 4S 1 1 main/gold/alkali potassium [p? t & ampaeligsj？ M] Active, reactive with air or water, and can only be stored in kerosene and rare gases. 20 calcium calcium gài40 4s2 2 main/gold/alkaline earth calcium ['k & aelig; lsi？ M] The skeleton is mainly composed of 21sc sc kà ng453d14s23 pairs/gold/scandium ['sk&; aeligndi？ M] A soft transition metal, often mixed with gadolinium and erbium, exists in 22 Ti Ti tàI 48 3d 2 4 S2 4 pairs/ gold/titanium [tai'teini? M] can burn in nitrogen, and the melting point is 23 V. Vanadium fán5 1 3d3 4s2 5 pairs/gold/vanadium [v?' Guilt? M] Rare metal with high melting point 24crCrgè 523D54s13,6 pairs/gold/chromium ['kr? umj？ M] the metal with the highest hardness 25 Mn manganese mě ng553d54S22,4,6,7 pairs/gold/manganese ['m&; aelig？ ɡ? , ni:s] is widely distributed in the earth's crust. The content of 26 Fe Fe Ti 563 D64S22,3 pairs/gold/iron ['an] is the second highest in the earth's crust, and the most metals are 27 Co Co G incarnation 59 3D 74S22,3 pairs/gold/cobalt [k? u'b？ : lt] Isotope Cobalt 60 used in X-ray generator, 28 Ni Ni Ni 59 3D84S22 pairs/Gold/Nickel ['nik? L] magnetism and good plasticity 29 Cu copper tó ng63.53d104s11.2 pairs/gold/copper ['k? p？ ] One of the earliest metals discovered by human beings is 30 Zn Zn XρN 65.53d 104s 22 pair/gold/zinc peroxide [zi? K] Trace elements needed by human body 31gagajiā 69.74S24p13main/gold gallium ['π & aelig; Lee? M] Low melting point, high boiling point, 32 Ge Germanium ZH72.64S24Main/Gold Germanium [d:' Ni Mei? M] is an important semiconductor material, 33 As Shēn 754s 24 p 3-3-3,3,5 Main/Au As ['ɑ:s? Nik] toxicity 34 se se x: 794 s24p4-2,4,6 main/non-selenium [si'li:ni? M] can make the glass bright red. 35 Bromine Xi 79.94 s24p 5- 1.7 Major/Non-/Halogen Bromine ['br? Sea: n] is lively, and the simple substance is reddish-brown liquid 36 Kr Kr Kr kè83.8 4s2 4p6 main/non/dilute Kr ['Kr? N] is a colorless, odorless and odorless inert gas 37 Rb rubidium rú85.5 5s 1 1 main/gold/alkali rubidium [ru:'bidi? M] Activity 38 Sr Sr S: 87.55S22 Main/Gold/Alkaline Earth Strontium ['str? nti？ M] is the element with the least content among alkaline earth elements, 39 Y y yǐ89 4d 1 5s2 3 pairs/gold/yttrium ['itri? Synthetic yttrium aluminum garnet has been used as a substitute for diamonds. 40 Zr Zr gào9 1 4d2 5s2 4 Pair/Gold/Zirconium [z? :' k？ uni？ M] cubic zirconia oxide is an artificial substitute for diamond, 4 1 Nb Nb Ní 93 45S 1 5 pairs/gold/niobium [nai'? ubi？ M] Niobium steel is used to make 42 Mo molybdenum mü 964d55s 16 pairs/gold/molybdenum [m?' Libidin? M] Trace element 43 Tc technetium dé98 4d5 5s2 7 pairs/gold/technetium [tek'ni:? Me? M] radioactive element 44 with minimum atomic number Li Ru: o1014d75s13,8 pairs/gold/high ruthenium [Ru:' θ I: Ni? M] Hard, brittle and light gray multivalent rare metal element 45 Rh rhodium L m: o103 4d85s13,4 pairs/gold/rhodium ['r? udi？ M] Essential elements of surface treatment in modern jewelry making process: 46 Pd, palladium, b106.54d102,4 pairs/gold/palladium [p? Reddy? M] Used for alcohol detection. 47 Ag silver yí n1084d105s11pair/gold/silver ['silv? ] Precious metal, once a global hard currency 48 Cd cadmium Gé112.54d105S22 pair/gold/cadmium ['k&; aeligdmi？ M] Heavy metals, excessive intake will cause pain 49 In indium y ι n1152S25p13main/gold India ['India? M] has strong plasticity and ductility. In 1 15 is the main nuclide, but there are radioactive 50ssn sn sn x and118.55s25p22,4main/Suk Kim [tin], one of the earliest elements discovered and applied by human beings, which are used to manufacture containers 5 1 Sb Sb T and 6544. aeligntim？ Ni] has a low melting point, and is used to make fuse 52 Te Te D127.55S25p4-2,2,4,6 main/non-Te [te'lju? ri？ M] The densest nonmetal 53 I iodine di m: n 1275S25p5- 1, 7 main/non/halogen iodine ['ai? Udi:n] is active, and the trace elements needed by thyroid gland are 54 Xe, Xe, Xiā n131.35S25p64,6,8 main/non/dilute xenon ['zen? N] can be used to make 55 Cs Cesium se 1336s 1 1 Main/Gold/Alkaline Cesium ['si:zi? M] activity 56 babbè i137.36s22 main/alkaline earth barium ['bε? ri？ M] barium sulfate applied to barium meal fluoroscopy 57la la la lá n1395d16s23 pairs /Au/La lanthanum ['l&; aelignθ？ n？ M] the first lanthanide, 58 Ce cerium, sh1404f15d16s23,4 pairs/gold/lanthanum cerium ['si? ri？ M] used to make flint 59PRPRPRP ǔ1414f36S23 pairs/gold/lanthanum praseodymium [,preizi? Youdimi. M] The widest English name is 60 Nd nǐ 144 4 F4 6s 2 3/Au/La Nd [,ni:? Youdimi. M] strong magnetism 61PMP1454f56S23pairs/gold/lanthanum Prometheus [pr? u'mi:θi？ M] radiate 62 sm sm sh ā n150.54 f6s23/au/la samarium [s? Nuclear magnetic resonance? M] strong magnetism 63 Eu Eu yǒu 152 4f7 6s2 3 pairs /Au/La europium [ju? r？ United press international? lively

Emit 64 Gd gadolinium gá 157 4f7 5d 1 6s2 3 pairs/gold/lanthanum gadolinium ['π&; aeligd？ Isababy? M] Unmatched electrons reach the upper limit of 65 Tb Tb Te 159 4F96S23 pairs/Au/La Te Er ['t? :bi？ M] changes shape when energized. 66Dydysprosium 66dy162.54F106S23 pairs/gold/lanthanum dysprosium [dis'pr? usi？ M] English name comes from "hard to get" 67 ho Hu ǒ1654f116S23 pairs/gold/lanthanum holmium ['h? Oulmi? M] is silvery white and soft, which can be used to make magnetic materials 68 Er Er Er Er r 1674f 126S23 pairs/Au/La Er ['? :bi？ M] is silvery gray and soft, which can be used to make special alloys, lasers, etc. 69 Tm thulium 1694F 136S23 pairs/gold/lanthanum thulium ['θju:li? M] is silvery white and soft, and can be used to make X-ray sources, such as 70 Yb Yb Y1734f146S23 pairs/gold/lanthanum ytterbium [I t? :bi？ M] is silvery white and soft in texture, which can be used to make special alloys and laser materials. 7 1 Lu: L: 175438+0456438+06S23 pairs/gold/lanthanum lutetium [lju:'ti:? Me? M] silvery white with soft texture, which can be used in nuclear industry, 72 Hf, hā 178.5 5d2 6s2 4 pairs/gold/hafnium ['h&; aeligfni？ M] silvery white with high melting point. It can be used to make high-temperature resistant alloys, as well as nuclear industry and other 73 Ta tantalum, such as N 18 15D36S25 pairs/gold/tantalum ['t&: aelignt？ l？ M] steel is gray, hard in corrosion resistance and high in melting point. It can be used in aerospace industry and nuclear industry. 74 W tungsten wū 184 5d4 6s2 6 pairs/gold/tungsten ['tst? n]Re láI 18656s 27 pairs/gold/perrhenium[' RI:Ni？ M] Newly discovered stable element 76 Os osmium1905D66S24,6,8 pairs/gold/osmium ['? zmi？ M] the densest metal, 77ir ir yτ1925d76s23,4 pairs/gold /periridium [AI 'ridi? M] High melting point, hard and brittle. It can be used to make 78 Pt platinum bó195596s12,4 pairs/gold/platinum ['pl&; Aelig tin? M] Precious metals used in jewelry are commonly known as platinum, 79 Au, gold, Jρ n1975d106s1,3 pairs/gold/gold [? Uld] The most chemically stable precious metal, which was first discovered and applied by human beings, is the global hard currency of 80Hg Hg G ǒ NG 200.106S21,2 pairs/gold/mercury ['m? : kjuri] the only metal that is liquid at room temperature is 8 1 Tl thallium tā 204.56s 26p13main/goldthallium ['θ&; Aelig lee? M] silvery white, soft. Can be used to make alloys and so on. Thallium compounds are toxic: 82ppb, Qi ā n207, 6s, 26p, 22, 4. Lead [led] has high density and low melting point, which is toxic to human body. Many cosmetics must contain 83 Bi bismuth B-Ni2096S26p33,5main/gold bismuth ['bizm? The melting point of θ] alloy is very low, and it can be used as fuse and safety plug on boiler. 84 Po polonium p is not 2096s26p4-2,6 master/gold polonium [p? l？ uni？ M] radiate 85 At I 2 10 6s 26p55 main/non/halogen astatine ['&; aeligst？ Ti:n] radioactivity and activity 86 Rn radon d! Ng 2226S26P6 Main/Non/Diluted Radon ['reid? N] Emit 87 Frχfāng 223 7s 1 main/ gold/alkali ['frauensium] radioactive metal element 88 Ra radium léI 226 7s 2 2 main/ gold/alkaline earth radium ['reidi? M] radiation 89 Ac actinide ā 227 1 7S2 3 pairs/gold/actinide [&; Aelig Courtini? M] 90th Thorium T incarnation 2326D27S24 pairs/gold/actinide ['θ? :ri？ M] radiation 91papPrp2315f26d17s25 pairs/gold/actinide [,pr? Ut & ampaelig Courtini? M] 92 U uranium yó u238 5f36d17s24,5 pairs/gold/actinide [ju 'reini? M] radiation, isotope uranium 235 is used to make the atomic bomb 93 Np neptunium ná237 5f4 6d 1 7s2 5 pairs/gold/actinium neptunium [nep'tju:ni? M] radioactive 94 Pu plutonium B2445f67s25 pair/gold/actinium plutonium [plu:'t? uni？ M] radiate 95 Am americium méi243 5f7 7s2 3 pairs/gold/actinium [,&; aeligm？ risi？ Artificial radiation

Used for smoke alarm, 96 cm curium kju? ri？ M] artificial radiation 97bkPé i247 5f97s23/gold/actinium ['b? :kli？ M] artificial radiation 98 Cf californium [,k&; Aelig liv? : ni? M] artificial radiation, the most precious metal is 99 esā i252 5f117s23/gold/actinide [ain 'staini? M] artificial radiation100 FM f I 2575s127s23 pair/gold/actinide fermion ['f? :mi？ M] artificial radiation101mdhomé n258 5f137s23/au/actinide polonium [,MEND? Li: Wei? M] artificial radiation102 nonuò 259 5f147s23/au/actinium Nobelium [n? Lee? M] artificial radiation 103 Lr thulium lá o2605f147s27p13 pairs/gold/actinium thulium [l? :' Rensi? M] artificial radiation104 rflú 2616d27s2/gold/ruthenium-iridium alloy [,r? & ampeth？ f？ :di？ M] artificial radiation 105 Db?

Du Dü 2626D37s2 Deputy/Jin/Guo Dubnium ['Du: bni? M] artificial radiation 106 Sg?

Cheng X 263 6D47S2/Jin/Guo Haibo [Si: B? :ɡi？ M] artificial radiation 107 Bh?

2646D57S2 Deputy/Jin/Guo Borui ['b? u？ ri？ M] artificial radiation 108 Hs?

Cheng hei H2656D67S2 vice/Jin/Hacim ['h&; Aelig, right? M] artificial radiation 109 Mt? Mài266 6d7 7s2/gold/Miettnerium artificial radiation1kloc-0/0ds tantalum dá269 6d8 7s2/gold/Darmstadt artificial radiation11rg Lú n272/gold/color. ; ) Melting point (℃) Boiling point (℃) Hydrogen is colorless, the gas is 0.0000899-259.125-258.882 lithium silver white, 0.534 180.5 1347 sodium silver white and 0.9797 .. Soft 0.86 63.65 774 Rb is silvery white, soft 1.532 38.89 688 Cs has golden luster, and soft 1.879 28.40 678.4 1. Reducibility; Li; Na<K & ltRb & lt cesium

2. oxidizability: Li & gtNa & gtK & gtRb & gt.

3. Alkali metal elements can react with water or oxygen to generate alkali or basic oxide.

Hydrogen is not an alkali metal originally, but belongs to group IA, so it belongs to this table.

Color of group IIA (alkaline earth metal) elements and density of states of alkaline earth metals (g/cm? ) Beryllium steel with melting point (℃) and boiling point (℃) is gray, hard 1.848 1278 2970 (under pressure), magnesium silvery white, soft 1.738 648.438+0090 calcium silvery white, Soft1.550 839.500696866 soft 2.540 769 (under pressure) 1384 barium) melting point (℃) boiling point (℃) scandium silvery white 2.985 154 12830 yttrium gray 4.466 ) melting point (℃) boiling point (℃) lanthanum silvery white 6.7 9203469 cerium gray 6.9 799 3426 praseodymium silvery gray 6.7 93532 12 neodymium silvery gray 7.0 1024 3074 thulium * */samarium silvery white 7.5. Europium silvery white 5.0 82665433 silvery white 8.8 14742695 Er silvery white 9.0 15292863 thulium silvery white 9.3 1545 1947 ytterbium silvery white 7.0824/kloc-. ) melting point (℃) boiling point (℃) titanium silvery white 4.5 16603287 zirconium silvery white 6.5 18524377 hafnium silvery white 13.3 2227 4602VB group element color density (g/cm? ) Melting point (℃) Boiling point (℃) Vanadium silvery white 6.1.8903380 Niobium silvery white 8.6 2468 4742 Tantalum silvery white 1.6 29965425 Vib group element color density (g/cm? ) melting point (℃) boiling point (℃) Cr-Ag white 7.2 18572642 Mo-Ag white10.226104615 W-Ag white19.334105554. ) melting point (℃) boiling point (℃) manganese silvery white 7.44 1246206 1 technetium * *//rhenium silvery white 2 1.04 3 1805627 color density of group VIII elements (g/cm ) melting point (℃) boiling point (℃) iron silvery white 7.86 1535286 1 cobalt silvery gray 8.9 1495527 nickel silvery white 8.9 145329 13 ruthenium silvery white.50007.0000000005

Element color density (g/cm? ) melting point (℃) boiling point (℃) zinc silvery white 7. 14 4 19.6 907 cadmium silvery gray 8.65 320.9765 mercury silvery white 13.59-38.87356.6 element color and state density (g/cm? ) melting point (℃) boiling point (℃) boron black, hard 2.3420763927 aluminum silver white, soft 2.76602327 gallium silver white, soft 5.90429.76 2403 indium silver white, soft 7.3 1. 156.22080 thallium silver white, Hard. 5656666. Melting point (℃) Boiling point (℃) Carbon (1006.20666606 Soft 6.697 630.63 1587 Bi is silvery white, soft 9.71kloc-0/564 by elemental color. ) melting point (℃) boiling point (℃) oxygen is colorless, g/cm is 0.00143-222.65-182.95 sulfur, hard 2.07 1 15.36444.6 selenium (red Hard 4.4086.00000000066) Melting point (℃) Boiling point (℃) Fluorine is light yellow liquid 3.119-7.158.8 iodine violet black, hard 4.93133.5/kloc. ) Melting point (℃) Boiling point (℃) Helium is colorless, gas 0.000 13 -272.98 (pressurized) -268.93 neon is colorless, gas 0.0009 -248.45-246.08 argon is colorless, and gas 0.00178-/kl. The gas 0.00374-157.22-153.22 xenon is colorless, and the gas 0.00589-11.7-108.12 radioactive elements * * atoms. ) melting point (℃) boiling point (℃)43 technetium 11.487 2200487717.229313000841300084.3008888886 0.07 65448 Plutonium +0 13245438+03 193 neptunium +09+0994. 1898686867

* Hardness of radioactive elements and sub-group elements is unknown. * * promethium and technetium are radioactive elements, and their properties will be discussed later.

All attributes after element ***98 (californium) are unknown.