There are many factors affecting the quality of jadeite, including color, texture (structure), transparency (water head), cracks, impurities, processing technology, etc., which are the main basis for economic evaluation of jadeite. Let's briefly introduce them respectively.
(1) color: the color of jadeite is ever-changing, with different hues (color photos 35 and 36), but white is the most, and green is the most expensive. As the saying goes, "There are 10,000 Jin of jadeite at home, which is expensive in the green side". According to traditional customs, the color requirements of jadeite can be summarized as "positive, positive, strong and harmonious". Positive: that is, the color is bright green, pure, and there can be no blue feeling in green. Yang: It just requires bright colors and bright colors. Dense: refers to the saturation of color, the stronger the emerald, the better. Harmony: refers to the uniformity of the same color of the whole jade, and high-quality jade requires rich and uniform color.
Generally speaking, according to the standards of positive, positive, strong and harmonious, high-grade turquoise can be divided into four grades, and their similarity is that there is no blue, only yellow. They are:
Emerald (1) is dark positive green without any yellow;
(2) green, medium-depth positive green, without any yellow;
(3) Apple green, bright green like green apple, slightly yellow;
(4) Mabel Miao, with obvious yellow light green, also known as boxwood green, has a lively feeling or shows vitality.
In addition to the advanced green mentioned above, there are other greens, such as dark green, oil green, blue green, water green, melon skin green and so on. , all belong to poor green. The price of this green emerald is much lower than that of high-grade green.
Besides green, red and purple jadeites are also very popular. Red is the best and purple is the most expensive, but this kind of color is very few, mostly shallow.
(2) Texture: The texture of jadeite is also called "Di Zi", "Zhangdi" or "Bottom", and minerals are called structure. It is mainly related to the granularity, shape and arrangement of jadeite minerals. As we know, jadeite is the main component of jadeite, and jadeite is cleavage developed. When the particles are large, when observed with naked eyes or a magnifying glass, you will see flaky flashes of different sizes when the light reflects from the cleavage plane, and vaguely show many tiny mineral particles in jadeite, commonly known as "emerald", also known as "flying wing" and "ofloxacin" in the jewelry industry. Because other green jadeites do not have emeralds, emeralds have become an important symbol to identify jadeites. But really good jadeite requires that the finer the particles that make up the minerals, the better. The constituent minerals are too small to see emeralds. The smaller the mineral particles, the more transparent the jadeite, and the better the foundation. In order to describe the texture of jade, dozens of names can be used, such as glass land, water land, egg white land, porridge land, taro land, fine white land, dry land, white land, fragrant ash land, excrement land and so on. And it varies from region to region and customs. The best quality is the glass floor, which is composed of very fine minerals, and the jade is as bright as glass. Followed by water, which means jade is as transparent as water; Thirdly, egg white means like raw egg white. Although it is basically transparent and slightly turbid, it is a rare product in the market. Porridge refers to its coarse particles, which can also be seen by the naked eye, and its transparency is average. This texture is very common in the jade market, especially in the pendant and jade crafts market.
(3) Water head: transparency. It depends on the content of other minerals in jadeite, the granularity, shape and arrangement of various minerals. The better the transparency, the more sufficient the water head. The size of jadeite can generally be estimated by the naked eye, and it is called "a little water" in the jewelry industry. The first water diversion refers to the translucent jadeite with a thickness of 3mm, and the second water diversion refers to the translucent jadeite with a thickness of 6 mm.. Dishui jadeite can be considered as the best quality in the world.
(4) Clarity: Like other precious stones, clarity is a major factor in jade evaluation. Jade has two main defects: white and black. The white ones are mainly granular and blocky, which are generally called "stone talk" and "blisters". They are mainly albite minerals or aggregates, and jadeite with obvious stone flowers is of low quality.
Black defects are mainly some minerals or aggregates, mainly amphibole and magnetite. Black defects also have a great influence on the value of jadeite.
(5) Cracks: commonly known as "streaks", streaks have a great influence on the quality of jadeite. There are two kinds of cracks, one is cracks caused by external impact; The other is intergranular crack, the former has a greater influence on the quality, but the jadeite with intergranular crack is also poor in quality.
(6) Process quality: High-quality jadeite can be made into valuable jewelry, and its specific quality depends on the thickness, proportion, roundness and polishing degree in addition to the above factors. For ordinary jade carvings, it is more important to consider the technological level and high-quality jade crafts. The craft should be based on materials, with exquisite patterns, smooth lines and clever colors (color photos 37 and 38).
It is worth pointing out that the evaluation of jadeite is a very complicated problem: the color, moisture and texture of the above elements are often a comprehensive element, commonly known as species. There are many schemes for the division of species, and the common ones are:
(1) Laokeng species: This is the best species, and its color meets the requirements of sunshine, positivity, rich and harmonious, rich, even and bright; Fine texture; Good water head (color photos 39 and 40). If it is a glass ground, the color is strong, sunny, positive and harmonious, the color and texture of jadeite will be better, bright and dazzling, and the second variety is called Laokeng glass seed. This is the best jade, very rare. It can be said that it can be met but not sought, and the price is very expensive. Raw materials generally need 6,543.8+0,000-3,000,000 yuan/company.
(2) There is one kind of colorless: it refers to delicate texture, full head, but less color, lighter color or colorless. If this kind of jadeite is big, it will usually be made into bracelets. The bracelet is clear and transparent, and the water is clear. Wearing it on your hands gives you a pure and pure feeling. If someone likes it, it is deeply loved by the majority of women and the price is higher.
(3) Hibiscus species: Just like Hibiscus, its fragrance is light and long. Generally speaking, the color of hibiscus is light green. To the naked eye, its color is pure but not evil, without Huang Tiao, translucent or slightly transparent, and the jade is delicate. Under the magnifying glass of 10 times, I feel particles, but I can't find the boundary, and the quality is equivalent to the egg white floor. Generally speaking, it is somewhat similar to Xiuyu (color photo 4 1).
Hibiscus species have a large yield and belong to middle and high grade. Although the grade is not very high, the hibiscus species has dark green veins and is called "green-rooted hibiscus species". This is a very expensive high-end product. In the 1980s, at an auction in Hong Kong, a bracelet made of this jade sold for 2 million Hong Kong dollars.
(4) Gan Qing species: This kind of jade is coarse in texture, short in columnar mineral particles, fully crystalline and semi-circular in granular structure under microscope, pure green in color, but poor in transparency, and easy to see in the market, so it is a mid-range product.
(5) Bean species: Jade "has nine beans in ten", which fully shows its commonness. Its ten-component mineral particles are coarse, easily visible to the naked eye, and the water head is poor. The green color is called "bean green" and the green color is called "bean green". This kind of product has large output and poor quality, and is a low-grade product.
(6) Golden seed: This kind of color is good, green is fresh, green is arranged in parallel, jade is soft, there are only a few fibrous minerals visible to the naked eye, and the water head is sufficient. According to the growth direction of green silk road stripes, it is further divided into: plain silk, random clump, silk slice and ink silk. This kind of jadeite belongs to middle and high-grade products except Mosi Cui, and its price is also higher.
(7) Bai Diqing: Visually, the bottom is as white as snow, and the green is bright and durable. Green is usually irregular, lumpy or lumpy. Under the magnifying glass of 10 times, its texture is fine, often in fibrous structure, and most of them have different water heads. This kind is mainly suitable for grinding bracelets, carving and listing, and belongs to middle and low-grade products.
(8) Flower-green species: it is a kind of jadeite widely distributed in Myanmar, which shows that the green distribution is veined, dense or sparse, and the color can be dark or light. The background color can be light green or colorless, and the texture can be coarse or fine. According to the texture, it can be further subdivided, such as bean flower cyanine, horse tooth cyanine and oil-bottomed cyanine. This kind of jadeite is very common in the market, and it is mostly used as a small pendant, belonging to middle and low-grade products.
(9) Oil green species: Visually, green is dark and impure, mixed with gray or blue tones, giving people a very dull feeling. The water head of oil-green species is generally good, and the jade is delicate and glassy, but the surface light looks oily, and the fibrous crystal structure can be seen under a magnifying glass. The color can be from shallow to deep, and if the color is dark, it is called "melon skin is oily green"; If the color is lighter, it is called "fresh oil green". Youqing is easy to see in the market, and it is also a low-end product. Generally, the ring face is about tens to hundreds of yuan each.
(10) Horse tooth species: rough texture, white granular mineral inclusions in jade, poor transparency, as the saying goes; "Insufficient moisture or head". It looks a bit like porcelain to the naked eye. Under the magnifying glass of 10 times, you can clearly see a thin white stripe in the green. Although the horse tooth species is dark green, it is not uniform enough and its distribution is irregular. Horse tooth species rarely do ring face, but do more listing, ring, etc., which is more common in the market and the price is lower.
(1 1) Fee: It is a red and yellow variety in jadeite (color photos 42 and 43). This color was once thought to be caused by jade being soaked in human blood after being buried with him. This is a complete misunderstanding. In fact, this is only the secondary color of jadeite, that is, the color of jadeite original stone impregnated with iron minerals under weathering. Bright red costs little, but it is hard to find and the price is high. For example, Sotheby's auction took an excellent red fee sculpture with a price as high as HK$ 3.8 million. Topaz is relatively common, with a large output, and is not very popular with people. The price is extremely low, and you can buy it from a few yuan to dozens of yuan.
(12) Spring: refers to the purple variety in jadeite. Purple is generally lighter, like the color of violet flowers, also called violet (color photos 44 and 45). According to the different shades of purple, it can be further divided into pink purple and pink purple; Eggplant purple jujube purple with eggplant-like crimson; Blue purple jujube purple with blue. This kind of jadeite is generally carved at an average price. If it is dark purple, fine texture and good water head, it is a high-grade product that is very difficult to find, and the finished product is worth tens of thousands to hundreds of thousands.
(13) Blue flower species: the color is blue, green and blue, which is actually the appearance of tremolite and actinolite: this color is evil, with poor water head and ordinary texture, with a lot of dirty black inside, which belongs to low-grade jade material.
(14) Dirty species: inferior species in jadeite, including taro land, excrement land and fragrant ash land. Visually opaque, rough texture and large mineral particles. Under the magnifying glass of 10 times, there are many impurities in it, such as stone flower and stone brain, and the color is extremely abnormal, mixed with yellow, brown and gray. It is common in the market and belongs to very low grade.