In a narrow sense, crystal refers to the white crystal in the seasonal family. Broadly speaking, it includes amethyst, topaz, powder crystal and so on.
Scientists speculate that the formation of crystals must first have enough production space, generally growing in caves, rock cracks or joint faults; Secondly, it needs two to three times of atmospheric pressure and high temperature above 570℃; Third, there must be a lot of hydrothermal solution rich in silicon dioxide to crystallize.
Crystal is a colorless and transparent timely crystal mineral. Its main chemical composition is silicon dioxide, which is a substance that "comes out of the uterus" with ordinary sand. When the silicon dioxide crystal is perfect, it is a crystal; Silica becomes agate after gelatinization and dehydration; Water-containing silica gel becomes opal after solidification; When the particle size of silica is less than several microns, chalcedony, flint and secondary quartzite are formed.
The crystal with perfect crystallization belongs to hexagonal system, often in hexagonal prism shape. The cylinder is pointed at one end or at both ends, and many long cylinders are connected together, commonly known as the crystal family, which is beautiful and spectacular. The crystal of silicon dioxide is incomplete, and its shape can be described as varied. Go to Hainan Crystal Exhibition Hall, and you will be an eye-opener: in addition to the common long columns, there are sword-shaped, plate-shaped, short columns and double cones. Some are as small as fingers, and some are as big as boulders; Some are less than half a second, and some weigh more than 300 kilograms.
Why can crystals withstand ordinary knocks? This is because it has strong "bones and muscles", which is called hardness in gemology. Hardness refers to the resistance of a gem.
How to measure the hardness of crystal?
A long time ago, pawnbrokers used a hard tip or a steel file to check the hardness of crystal imitations that they thought were suspicious. They scratched the surface, leaving a little inconspicuous trace to remind other pawnbrokers. Obviously, this is the most primitive and clumsy test method, which may lead to crystal fracture.
1824, an Austrian mineralogist named Frish Moss extracted 10 varieties from many minerals, and determined their relative hardness through scientific experiments, from which the crystal hardness was Mohs 7. Although the American National Bureau of Standards later used and popularized the more scientific Knoop hardness tester, jewelers in many countries in the world are still used to using Mohs hardness tester.
The hardness of the crystal is as hard as a steel file, which makes the fragile gems such as topaz, diamond, opal and emerald look pale and powerless.
Crystal cleavage: none.
Cleavage, commonly known as cleavage. Some precious stones (such as topaz and diamonds) will crack along a plane after being knocked, squeezed or collided by external forces. This property of a gem is called cleavage.
Crystal broken: shell-shaped.
Fracture, mineralogy is called fracture. It means that under the impact of a certain external force, the gem does not break in a certain crystallization direction, but forms a fracture surface. In other words, the crack of a gem can extend in any direction, not along cleavage.
Well-crystallized crystals usually have a good herringbone fracture with parallel ridges; In amethyst and heat-treated topaz, most of them are uneven sheet fractures.
Crystal specific gravity: 2.56-2.66g/cm3.
This means that the weight of a certain volume of crystals is 2.56-2.66 times that of the same volume of water. Bulk crystals may have a slightly higher density.
Crystal stripes: colorless.
Stripes, commonly known as colors, are the result of human eyes' perception of light with a certain wavelength.
The transparency of a crystal is related to the quality and quantity of light passing through it. The transparency standard is that when light passes through crystal fragments or slices with a thickness greater than 1 cm, the reflected image can be clearly seen. If the bottom image is not clear enough and only the outline is seen, it will be translucent.
Crystal luster: glass luster. This is true for both polished and fractured surfaces.
Gloss refers to the optical characteristics of reflected light on the surface of a gem. Crystal does not reflect beautiful starlight stripes like starlight sapphire and starlight sapphire, nor does it shine with light blue waves like moonstone, nor does it shine with colors like opal.
Refractive index of crystal: 1.544- 1.553, which is almost within this range.
Refractive index is the ratio of sine of incident angle to sine of refraction angle when light penetrates into gem crystal from air and produces refraction phenomenon.
Crystal refractive index: 0.009 (maximum), very stable.
Optical characteristics of crystal: uniaxial crystal positive light.
Crystal dispersion: 0.0 13.
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Question 2: What is the composition of crystal? Crystal, which means Bai Bing, vividly depicts the crystal's clear and thorough appearance. The crystal is a timely crystal with high transparency and complete crystal form. Crystal belongs to a large family at the right time. The chemical composition of rock crystals is silicon dioxide, and the chemical molecular formula is SiO2, which can contain trace impurities such as iron, manganese, magnesium, aluminum and titanium. It belongs to the tripartite crystal system. The crystal is a collection of hexagonal columns, rhomboids or hexagonal bipyramids, and the cylinder has transverse grains. Crystals are usually clustered and most of them are colorless and transparent. Impurities can be purple, yellow, pink, brown, gray and black. Good transparency, crystal surface glass luster, fracture grease luster. The refractive index is 1.544- 1.533, the birefringence is 0.008, and the dispersion is 0.0 13. Purple crystal has dichroism. Hardness 7, density 2.66g/cm3. Shell fracture. It is piezoelectric. According to color, inclusions and technological characteristics, it can be divided into crystal, amethyst, topaz, smoke crystal, Barasuishou, black crystal, hair crystal and bristle crystal, water capsule crystal, starlight crystal, cat's eye crystal and sand crystal. The difference between crystal and similar gemstones and artificial crystals. The common crystal varieties in the market are rock crystal, artificial color-changing crystal and synthetic crystal. Gems similar to crystals include topaz, tourmaline, beryl and spodumene. Rock crystals include colorless crystals, topaz, amethyst and smoky crystals. Artificial color-changing crystals include blue crystals, orange crystals and purple crystals. Synthetic crystals include colorless crystals and purple crystals. Because their generating conditions are basically the same, it is not easy to distinguish them. The difference from similar gems is mainly in density: topaz 3.59g/cm3, tourmaline 3.06g/cm3, spodumene 3. 18g/cm3, beryl 2.8g/cm3 and crystal 2.66g/cm3. When they are put into tribromomethane (2.95g/cm3), crystals and beryl float, while topaz and beryl float. Natural colorless crystals are crystal clear, with gas-liquid inclusions, uneven inner wall of bubbles, soft luster, average purity and low density. Natural amethyst has uneven color and irregular flake distribution, and also contains gas-liquid inclusions. The color of the artificially colored crystal is uniform, and no irregular flake color groups can be seen in the crystal. The characteristics of synthetic crystals are basically the same as those of rock crystals. The synthesized crystal has uniform color, flaky nucleus in the center, uniform color and low hardness and density.
Question 3: What is the main composition of crystal? The main component of crystal is silicon dioxide, which is a kind of gem that people like. In ancient times, it was called water essence, that is, water essence. In addition, it is also called water jade, white accessory jade, jade crystal, Millennium ice, bodhisattva stone, flash stone and so on. Aristotle, a famous philosopher in ancient Greece, also believed that crystals evolved from ice. In fact, crystal is a crystal of silicon dioxide, which has no internal connection with water or ice. Usually colorless and transparent, but it can have different colors when it contains iron elements, such as purple, yellow, smoky gray and so on. When the crystal contains fibers or needle-like minerals arranged in a certain direction, it can be processed into crystal cat's eye or starlight crystal or hair products, and if it contains water inclusions, it may become crystal-filled.
China and Jiangsu Donghai crystal production accounts for half of the country, and is known as the "hometown of crystals". For a long time, crystal has been regarded as a sacred object because of its crystal clear, moist and pure, and it is considered to be a symbol of good luck, which can "resist evil spirits and repel ghosts and gods". Crystal ornaments are cool and gorgeous. Wear the Great Wall of Wan Li in summer to add coolness and relieve the stimulation of summer heat. In the northwest of China, people suffering from ocular fire (an eye disease) think that wearing crystal glasses can dispel the fire in their eyes, thus eliminating eye diseases. The whiteness of the crystal also makes people believe that there are gods hidden in it. Making it into a ball and staring at it can predict the future, so the Japanese are always happy to display crystal balls at home.
Among the varieties of crystal, amethyst is the most precious. In addition to its elegant color, our ancestors have always believed that amethyst can promote mutual understanding and bless everything. At present, bishops of the Roman Cathedral often wear amethyst rings, and wine is served in goblets made of crystal at ceremonies. In addition, the crystal contains a variety of elements beneficial to the human body and is not radioactive. All these make crystal and its products attract people's attention very early.
In daily life, we can easily see crystals of various colors and properties:
Crystals can be divided into:
(1) white crystal: colorless and transparent as water;
(2) Amethyst: purple is transparent or translucent (containing trivalent iron and manganese);
(3) Smoke crystal (commonly known as tea crystal) is a transparent crystal, which is smoky yellow or smoky brown;
(4) Ink crystal: black, translucent crystal containing organic matter;
(5) Topaz: a transparent crystal (containing ferrous iron), yellow to red, orange, yellow and brown;
(6) Barasuishou (also known as "hibiscus stone"): rose, light rose to dense block (containing trace elements such as Ti);
(7) hair crystal: hair-like mineral inclusions containing diamond, hornblende, etc.
(8) Green crystal: needle-like inclusions containing actinolite;
(9) Rainbow crystal: a crystal containing tiny bubbles or quenching bodies to fill cracks, which produces a rainbow by interfering with light.
Question 4: What is the main composition of crystal? Crystal is a very popular gem. In ancient times, it was called water essence, that is, water essence. In addition, it is also called Shuiyu, Baifu, Yujing, Millennium Ice, Bodhisattva Stone, Flash Stone and so on. Aristotle, a famous philosopher in ancient Greece, also believed that crystals evolved from ice. In fact, crystal is a crystal of silicon dioxide, which has no internal connection with water or ice. Usually colorless and transparent, but it can have different colors when it contains iron elements, such as purple, yellow, smoky gray and so on. When the crystal contains fibers or needle-like minerals arranged in a certain direction, it can be processed into crystal cat's eye or starlight crystal or hair products, and if it contains water inclusions, it may become crystal-filled.
China and Jiangsu Donghai crystal production accounts for half of the country, and is known as the "hometown of crystals". For a long time, crystal has been regarded as a sacred object because of its crystal clear, moist and pure, and it is considered to be a symbol of good luck, which can "resist evil spirits and repel ghosts and gods". Crystal ornaments are cool and gorgeous. Wear the Great Wall of Wan Li in summer to add coolness and relieve the stimulation of summer heat. In the northwest of China, people suffering from ocular fire (an eye disease) think that wearing crystal glasses can dispel the fire in their eyes, thus eliminating eye diseases. The whiteness of the crystal also makes people believe that there are gods hidden in it. Making it into a ball and staring at it can predict the future, so the Japanese are always happy to display crystal balls at home.
Among the varieties of crystal, amethyst is the most precious. In addition to its elegant color, our ancestors have always believed that amethyst can promote mutual understanding and bless everything. At present, bishops of the Roman Cathedral often wear amethyst rings, and wine is served in goblets made of crystal at ceremonies. In addition, natural water contains many elements beneficial to human body and is not radioactive. All these make crystal and its products attract people's attention for a long time.
In daily life, we can easily see crystals of various colors and properties:
Crystals can be divided into:
(1) white crystal: colorless and transparent as water;
(2) Amethyst: purple is transparent or translucent (containing trivalent iron and manganese);
(3) Smoke crystal (commonly known as tea crystal) is a transparent crystal, which is smoky yellow or smoky brown;
(4) Ink crystal: black, translucent crystal containing organic matter;
(5) Topaz: a transparent crystal (containing ferrous iron), yellow to red, orange, yellow and brown;
(6) Barasuishou (also known as "hibiscus stone"): rose, light rose to dense block (containing trace elements such as Ti);
(7) hair crystal: hair-like mineral inclusions containing diamond, hornblende, etc.
(8) Green crystal: needle-like inclusions containing actinolite;
(9) Rainbow crystal: a crystal containing tiny bubbles or quenching bodies to fill cracks, which produces a rainbow by interfering with light.
Question 5: What is the composition of crystal? The composition of the crystal is silicon dioxide.
Crystal is a rare mineral, a kind of gem, and a kind of timely crystal, which belongs to the timely family in mineralogy. Its main chemical composition is silicon dioxide, and its chemical formula is SiO2. When it is pure, it forms colorless and transparent crystals, and when it contains trace elements such as aluminum and iron, it is purple, yellow and brown. After irradiation, trace elements form different types of color centers and produce different colors, such as purple, yellow, brown and pink.
Inclusion crystals containing associated inclusion minerals, such as frosted crystals and green ghosts, include rutile, tourmaline, actinolite, mica and chlorite.
Question 6: What is the raw material of crystal? How come? If you mean artificial crystal, the main raw material is artificial crystal containing silicon dioxide, that is, "high lead glass" or "lead crystal glass", that is, adding 24% lead oxide to ordinary glass (containing silicon dioxide), you will get artificial crystal with brightness and transparency similar to that of rock crystal.
Compared with ordinary glass, it is mainly heavier and feels heavier; Large refractive index, capable of transmitting color spectrum; High hardness and wear resistance.
Question 7: What kind of crystal is this? What's the ingredient? Hello, this is an artificial crystal, which imitates the growth process of the crystal in the laboratory and accelerates its growth.
Question 8: What is crystal and what chemical elements are it made of? Chemical composition and properties of crystals;
The chemical formula is silicon dioxide. Pure colorless and transparent crystal is a variety of seasonable. The chemical composition contains 46.7% silicon and 53.3% oxygen. Because it contains different mixtures or mechanical mixtures, it has many colors. Purple and green are caused by iron (Fe2+) ions, purple can also be caused by titanium (Ti4+), and other colors are caused by color centers. The crystals contain sandy and fragmented goethite, hematite, rutile, magnetite, garnet and chlorite. Hair crystals are formed by inclusions containing hairy needle-like minerals visible to the naked eye. Containing manganese and iron is called amethyst; Iron (stalk golden or lemon color) is called topaz; Rose color containing manganese and titanium is called rose season; Smoke color is called smoke crystal; Brown is called tea crystal; Black and transparent are called ink crystals; The light green one is called stone pulp.