cultivation techniques
method of grafting
Bud grafting is the main method, and sleeve bud grafting (tubular bud grafting) and T-shaped bud grafting are more common in bud grafting.
Cultivation mode
Almond planting mainly includes orchard and intercropping, which are too dense, poor in growth and low in yield. According to local conditions, we can choose 3×5(m), 4×4(m), 4×5(m) or 4×6(m), that is, planting 27 ~ 44 plants /667 square meters. In arid areas, it is necessary to plant densely, and in fertile irrigation areas, it can be planted thinly. Intercropping generally has a plant spacing of 3 ~ 4m and a row spacing of 12.5 ~ 50m.
Configure pollination tree
Almonds are not self-flowering, and can be planted every 2 ~ 3 rows 1 ~ 2 rows to pollinate varieties.
Plastic trimming
Apricot trees were planted that year and plastic surgery began the next year. Thin layer pruning or natural open-heart pruning can be used, and the height of trunk is 50 ~ 70 cm. There are 5 ~ 7 main branches on the sparse layer, which are divided into 2 ~ 3 layers. There are 3 ~ 4 main branches in the open shape, which are staggered on the trunk every 10 ~ 20 cm, and the azimuth between the main branches is 90 ~ 10~20cm. On the trunk, except the main branch, other branches can be kept as long as they are not too dense to promote the growth of the trunk. Pruning amount of almonds is relatively light, and pruning in winter and summer is the best. Pruning method is similar to apricot, young trees are mainly cut lightly and put slowly, and the branches produced are shortened appropriately. Cut the extended branches of backbone branches at all levels according to the required length, and remove long branches, dead branches, disease and insect branches and over-dense branches. Pruning trees in full fruit period is mainly based on thinning, appropriately cutting short, paying attention to retaining more short and medium fruit branches, and strengthening the cultivation and renewal of fruit branches.
Fertilizer and water management
Almond is a drought-tolerant and barren tree species with strong adaptability to soil. The almond orchard needs autumn ploughing 1 time a year. In the growing season, intertillage should be done in time to keep the soil loose, breathable and free from weeds. Generally, irrigation is not needed, and irrigation should be done in time when there is excessive drought. Pay attention to drainage in rainy season to prevent soil water from causing root rot. It is effective to pour antifreeze before wintering. Apricot trees should apply base fertilizer 1 time every autumn, and it is appropriate to harvest the fruits before the soil freezes. When young trees are applied with 2 ~ 4t/667m2 farmyard manure or 40 ~ 100kg/667m2 compound fertilizer, the base fertilizer should be appropriately increased in autumn. Topdressing should be applied 2 ~ 4 times in apricot growing season. Each adult tree needs nitrogen 1kg, phosphorus 0.4kg and potassium 0.4kg every year. In addition, attention should be paid to supplementing compound fertilizer containing zinc, boron, calcium and other elements.
Eliminate pests and diseases
The diseases of almond mainly include brown rot, bullet hole disease, canker, leaf spot disease, leaf blight, fruit soft rot, crown rot and so on. There are few diseases in almond production in Xinjiang, and only seedling damping-off is more common. Adult trees have non-communicable diseases, and weak trees are prone to gummosis. In addition, some viruses harm almonds. The pests of almond mainly include mites, scale insects, red spiders, bedbugs and aphids. Combining biological control with chemical control, the main measure is to select healthy seedlings without diseases.