First, the cultivation method of Lycium barbarum:
1. Direct seeding afforestation: two methods can be used: drilling or hole sowing. Sow the soil in late March to April after thawing in spring, and the earlier the better. The sowing depth is1-3cm. Lycium barbarum L. is easy to be eaten and uprooted by livestock because of its low ground at seedling stage, and grazing must be prohibited after sowing.
2. Seedling raising and transplanting: Seedlings can be raised in all seasons, but spring and autumn are the best.
3. Cut strips and layering: The roots of medlar are particularly strong. Cutting layering is easy to survive in spring and autumn. Soak Lycium barbarum branches growing on barren slopes for 2-3 days, and then cut them into cuttings with a thickness of 0.5- 1 cm and a length of 30-50 cm.
4. Tillering propagation: in order to increase the coverage area, the trunk of 2-year-old Lycium barbarum is cut off above the root neck, and many young branches can sprout in the second year, or the main root of Lycium barbarum is cut off, that is, many young branches sprout from both ends of the cut main root to increase the coverage. Spring is the best time to cut roots.
Second, the cultivation techniques of Lycium barbarum:
1. Seed propagation: excellent varieties can be selected. Mature fruits with large fruits, bright colors and no pests and diseases can be picked in summer, soaked in warm water at 30-60℃, rubbed and dried for later use. Before sowing, evenly block with wet sand (1: 3), put it at room temperature of 20℃ to accelerate germination, and sow after 30% of the seeds turn white or soak in clear water for one day and night. Sowing can be done in spring, summer and autumn, mainly in spring. Spring sowing in late March to early April, furrow sowing with row spacing of 40cm, furrow sowing depth of 1.5-3cm, covering soil of 1-3cm. After the seedlings are unearthed, they should be watered according to the soil moisture. Seedling height 1.5-3cm, weeding 1 time, and weeding 1 time every 20-30 days. The height of seedlings is 6-9cm, and the planting should be regular. The plant spacing should be 12- 15cm, and 15,000-18,000 seedlings should be reserved per 1hm2. Combined with irrigation, topdressing should be carried out three times in May, June and July. In order to ensure the growth of seedlings, the lateral buds of seedlings should be pulled out in time when they are 40cm off the ground, and the seedlings should be cored when they grow to 60cm, so as to accelerate the growth of trunk and upper branches. When the roots grow to 0.7 cm thick, they can be transplanted from the nursery.
2. Cutting propagation: on excellent mother plants, lignified annual branches with a diameter of more than 0.3cm are collected, cut into cuttings with a length of 18-20cm, tied into small bundles, vertically soaked in a pot with 100× 10-6α- naphthylacetic acid for 2-3 hours, and then cut, with a plant spacing of 6.
Third, the field management of Lycium barbarum:
May, June and July 1 intertillage weeding, 65438+1late October-165438+1early October, sheep manure, manure, cake fertilizer, etc. It can be used as base fertilizer and topdressing. Urea is applied in May, and phosphorus and potassium are applied in June and July. The young trees were reshaped. After planting Lycium barbarum, 3-5 stout branches were selected as main branches around the upper part of the trunk in the autumn of that year, and they were cut short at about 20 cm. When new branches appeared on the branches in the next spring, they were cut short at 20-25 cm as backbone branches. In the third and fourth years, we will continue to use the long branches on the main branches to expand, heighten and enrich the crown skeleton. After 5-6 years of plastic culture, it entered the stage of tree formation. Adult trees are pruned every spring, including dead branches, transverse branches and sprouting branches at the roots. In summer, dense branches are removed and sparse branches are kept, and overgrown branches, pest branches and needle-punched branches are removed. Prune completely in autumn, arrange the crown, and choose to keep good fruiting branches. Pruning principle: remove the old and keep the new, remove the disease and protect the health, remove the weak and protect the strong, so that the bearing branches are evenly distributed in the crown. It is required to cultivate more fruiting branches and cut off unfruitful branches.
Fourth, the prevention and control of Lycium barbarum pests and diseases:
The disease is black fruit disease of Lycium barbarum, which harms buds, flowers and olives. The Bordeaux mixture of 1: 1: 100 can be sprayed at the fruiting stage; Spraying 600 times 50% bacterial rejuvenation powder immediately after rain has a good effect. Root rot can be irrigated with 50% thiophanate 1000- 1500 times or 50% carbendazim 1000- 1500 times. There are fruit flies in Lycium barbarum L., and the control measures can be as follows: when overwintering adults emerge, 45kg/hm2 of 50% carbaryl powder is sprinkled on the ground of Qiyuan Garden to remove maggots and bury them deeply, and the overwintering pupae are killed by irrigation in autumn and winter or turning over the soil. Lycium barbarum can irrigate the soil in spring and destroy the insect source killed by overwintering sound. In mid-April, 5% carbaryl powder (1kg mixed fine soil 5-7kg) was sprayed on the ground of Qiyuan Garden to kill overwintering adults, and trichlorfon was controlled with 800- 1000 times solution. There are wolfberry aphids, wolfberry mites and so on.
In order to grow high-quality Lycium barbarum trees, it is very important to replenish water, manage fertilization, prevent and control pests and diseases. The planting of crops seems simple, but there will be many problems in actual operation. You can consult the planting manual of related Lycium barbarum trees, consult gardening professionals and seek help to solve the problems. It is worth noting that although Lycium barbarum has a good health care function, it should also be remembered not to use it excessively.