Don) is a plant of Cedar in Pinaceae. An evergreen tree with a pointed crown, with large branches extending and slightly drooping branchlets. Needle-shaped leaves, 8-60 cm long, hard, gray-green or silver-gray, scattered on long branches and clustered on short branches. 10- 165438+ flowers in October. The cones mature in the second year, and they are oval and reddish brown when they mature. Produced in West Asia, West Himalayas and Africa, along the Mediterranean coast, there is only one Himalayan cedar in China, which is distributed in southern Tibet, India and Afghanistan. Distributed from Afghanistan to India, at an altitude of 1300-3300m, and cultivated in many places in China.

Morphological characteristics of 1

Trees, 50 meters high and 3 meters in diameter at breast height; Bark dark gray, split into irregular scales; Branches are flat, slightly inclined or slightly drooping, basal bud scales are bent outward, and branchlets are often drooping. Annual branches are grayish yellow, densely covered with short villi and slightly powdery. The branches in the second and third years are gray, light brown gray or dark gray. The leaves on the long branches are radial, and the leaves on the short branches are clustered (about 15-20 new leaves are born every year), needle-shaped, hard, light green or dark green.

Cedar fruit

Color, 2.5-5cm long,1-1.5mm wide at the upper part, sharp at the apex, narrow at the lower part, often triangular, and obviously sparse at the back. There are 2-3 stomatal lines on both sides of the ventral surface of the leaf, and 4-6 on the back surface. When I was young, there was white powder on the stomatal line. Male cones are ovoid or oval, 2-3 cm long and about 65438 0 cm in diameter; The female cone is ovoid, about 8 mm long and 5 mm in diameter. The cone is light green before ripening, slightly powdery, reddish brown when ripening, ovoid or wide oval, 7- 12 cm long, 5-9 cm in diameter, blunt tip and short stalk; The middle seed scale is a fan-shaped inverted triangle, 2.5-4 cm long and 4-6 cm wide, with a rounded upper part, a curved edge, a wedge-shaped middle part, an ear-shaped lower part and a claw-shaped base, and dense short hairs on the back of the scale; Bracts scales short; The seed is nearly triangular, with wide wings, longer than the seed, and 2.2-3.7 cm long together with the seed. [ 1]

2 growth environment

It grows vigorously in acidic soil with mild and cool climate, deep soil layer and good drainage. It needs a mild and cool climate and deep and well-drained soil in the upper layer. I like sunshine, but I am also quiet, shade-tolerant, in acidic soil and slightly alkaline. Altitude1300-3300m. North warm temperate deciduous broad-leaved forest area, south warm temperate deciduous broad-leaved forest area, middle subtropical evergreen deciduous broad-leaved forest area and evergreen broad-leaved mixed forest area. Cedar belongs to the tropical climate from warm temperate zone to Central Asia, with annual precipitation of 600 ~ 1000ml, which grows best in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in China.

3 distribution

From Afghanistan to India, at an altitude of1300-3300m. Garden trees have been widely cultivated in Beijing, Lushun, Dalian, Qingdao, Xuzhou, Shanghai, Nanjing, Hangzhou, Nanping, Lushan, Wuhan, Changsha and Kunming. [ 1]

Four breeding methods

Generally, it is propagated by sowing and cutting. Sowing can be carried out in the middle and late March, and the sowing amount is 75 kg/hectare. You can also sow early to increase the disease resistance of seedlings. Choose sandy loam with good drainage and ventilation as seedbed. Soak the seeds in cold water for 1-2 days before sowing, and then dry them before sowing. After 3-5 days, the seeds began to germinate for about 1 month, and the germination rate reached 90%. Pay attention to shading at seedling stage to prevent the harm of Rhizoctonia solani and cutworms. Annual seedlings can reach 30-40 cm high and can be transplanted in the next spring. Cutting propagation can be carried out in spring and summer. Spring should be before March 20, and summer is best in late July. In spring, cutting off the annual thick branches of young mother trees and treating them with rooting powder or 500 mg/L NAA can promote rooting. Then insert it into sandy loam with good ventilation, water it fully, and build a double-layer shade shed for shade. In summer, semi-lignified branches should be selected as cuttings. In addition to strengthening shading, plastic film should be covered to keep humidity. Callus can be formed 30-50 days after transplanting. At this time, 0.2% urea and 0. 1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution can be used for external fertilization.

Himalayan Cedar (22)

Propagation seedlings can be transplanted after bed 1-2 years. Transplantation can be carried out in February-March. Plants need to carry earth balls and erect poles. The plant spacing is from 50 cm to 200 cm, and gradually increases. Topdressing 2-3 times during the growth period, generally without pruning, only thinning diseased dead branches and closed weak branches. Botrytis cinerea can be controlled by spraying benomyl or zineb, and scale insects, moths and butterflies can be controlled by spraying omethoate and trichlorfon.

Sexual soil can adapt and grow on cohesive loess and barren dry land; However, in waterlogged depressions or places where the groundwater level is too high, it will grow poorly or even die, and it is a shallow-rooted tree species. Easy to be blown down by the wind. Young leaves are extremely sensitive to sulfur dioxide and have weak resistance to tobacco damage. Seedling growth is slow. Usually, male plants bloom after the age of 20, and female plants bloom and bear seeds after the age of 30. Because of the different flowering periods, the natural pollination effect is poor. It is usually necessary to collect and store pollen in advance, and artificial pollination can be carried out when the female Qionghua is mature to obtain more high-quality seeds. Usually propagated by sowing or cutting. Sowing can be done in late March, and the sowing amount is about 5 kg per mu. It will germinate and be unearthed in about 15 days. The seedlings need a shade shed. Cuttings are usually carried out in spring and autumn. Soaking the base of cuttings with 500PPm NAA for 5 minutes can promote rooting. After insertion, a 1-2-layer shading shed should be built, covered with plastic film and strictly shaded. About 30 ~ 50 large leaves form callus after insertion. At this time, 0.2% urea solution and 0. 1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution can be used for root fertilization. Propagation seedlings can be transplanted in seedbed 1-2 years later. For leaf transplantation in February and March, the plant needs to bring a ball and erect a pole. The row spacing of the first transplanted plants is about 50 cm, and the row spacing of the second transplanted plants should be expanded to 1-2 meters. Top dressing should be applied 2-3 times during the growth period. Diseases and insect pests are prone to occur at seedling stage, especially Rhizoctonia solani and cutworms. Other pests include grubs, giant bag moths, Dendrolimus punctatus, Dendrolimus punctatus, red wax scale, termites, etc. , to control in time. [2-3]

5 bonsai making

Basin selection

Cedar Bonsai (25 pieces)

Cedar should use purple sand pottery basin or glazed tile pottery basin. Large bonsai can be made of deep round pots or various chiseled stone pots, but the roots must be fixed with metal wires. Medium-sized bonsai should use begonia-shaped and manger-shaped pots, and seedlings can be planted in jungle-shaped shallow pots with stones such as alum or marble.

Use soil

Cedar can be made of slightly acidic sandy loam with loose soil and good drainage. Potted plants are usually used with mature pastoral soil or humus mixed sand.

plant

March-April in spring is appropriate, or after autumn. Cedar seedlings dug out of the ground should be brought with overnight soil to facilitate survival. Thin the dead roots, spread out the fibrous roots, cover them with fine soil, gently shake the pots, and compact them with bamboo sticks to make the pots and roots stick together. The trunk of planting position should be inclined to one side at 1B3.

process

The processing and modeling of cedar bonsai is mainly climbing, supplemented by pruning, which is suitable for climbing in winter and spring, and often climbs with brown silk. The trunk of cedar stands upright and the lateral branches are flat, so most of the lateral branches are bent into an S-shape, and the trunk generally does not bend, and naturally rises into a tree shape, which is extremely simple and beautiful. It is also advisable to have 5-7 seedlings born that year, scattered at different heights, planted in the jungle, with swaying branches and leaves and unique charm.

tree form

The fir tree is tall and straight, and its lateral branches are flat and stretched. To make bonsai, we must make use of its natural form, and the tree shape should be straight, double, oblique and jungle. Branches and leaves can be cut into layers or clouds, and after years of maintenance, they can become a good bonsai with both rigidity and softness and elegant posture.