Block, drought-resistant, adaptable to soil, able to grow in slightly alkaline sandy loam and calcareous clay, shallow root system, cold tolerance and tolerance to general varieties.
At the low temperature of-12℃, cold-tolerant varieties can tolerate the low temperature of-18℃, and are long-lived trees with strong growth ability.
Cultivation techniques of olive
First, grow olives:
(1) a. Planting large seedlings:
Roots are closely combined with soil when planting. The trunk can be buried 6 cm deep. The top is sealed with yellow mud, and the trunk is wrapped with straw to prevent water loss from wind and sun. Straw must be higher than the ground 10 cm, and can't touch the soil to avoid termites. Watering after planting, attention: (1) Be very careful when planting seedlings, so as not to break the root bark and damage the root tip; (2) There is no base fertilizer in the cave, and only red and yellow soil topsoil which is easy to take root is used; (3) The soil must be compacted, which is the key to survival; (4) After planting, a protective frame should be built.
B. seedling planting:
Planting time: Grain Rain is suitable for long summer.
Planting method of olive tree: burning soil and leguminous green manure are used as base fertilizers in holes, and 1 kg lime is sprinkled in each hole to prevent termite damage. When planting, add water into the hole with fine soil on the surface and mix it into slurry, implant the seedlings into the slurry to make the lateral roots naturally extend, then cover the fine soil and compact it to make the roots fully contact with the soil.
(2) Specification: 6× 6m or 6× 7m, with about 20 plants per mu.
Second, intertillage weeding, mulching and intercropping ridging:
1, intertillage weeding:
A.3-4 times/year, that is, in Qingming (early April), summer (early July), autumnal equinox (late September) and first frost (late June 10).
B. spraying weeds:
(1) Glyphosate, an internally absorbed heteromorphic weed killer.
(2) Paraquat (Gramoxone): a contact herbicide.
Note: Herbicide has obvious phytotoxicity to olive branch leaves, so you should not touch branches and leaves when spraying.
The spraying time is generally controlled before the flowering and fruiting of spring grass and the long flowering period of summer grass in late June.
2. Covering: It is generally carried out in high temperature and drought, rainstorm season and autumn and winter drought season. Cover the tree tray with all kinds of weeds.
3. Intercropping: 50 cm away from the tree tray.
4. Soil cultivation: generally carried out in winter.
Three, fertilizer and water management:
(1) Fertilizer: Macroelements, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and sulfur.
A. fertilizing young trees:
Nitrogen fertilizer is the main fertilizer, mixed with other fertilizers properly, and applied frequently and thinly, generally every two months 1 time, or before and after bolting 1 time.
(2) Fertilization of fruit trees:
Three times a year: fertilizer before flowering: nitrogen application around March or: fertilizer before flowering.
After-fruit fertilizer: 10 month or so, nitrogen and potassium fertilizer can strengthen flowers and fruits.
Fertilizer for flower buds: 1 1-65438+ NPK fertilizer in February after fruit.
Fertilization method: under the dripping water on the periphery of the crown, open an annular ditch with a depth of 20 cm, or two half-moon ditches to fertilize the ditch. If it is liquid fertilizer, cover it when the soil is dry, and cover it after the dry fertilizer is applied. Good dream weaving, good dream weaving.
Fourth, plastic trimming:
(a) young tree shaping:
After the seedlings are planted, they should be aired when the height of the seedlings is1-1.5m. Generally, they should be cut at about 0.8m.. Select 3-5 main branches in different directions as main branches, when the main branches are too long, cut them by 60 cm, and treat each main branch step by step to form a crown with early fruiting and high yield.
(2) Pruning fruit trees:
In principle, the first-born trees are mainly cut lightly, mainly to cut off too long branches and promote side branches; Pruning in good years is mainly to adjust the ratio of vegetative growth to reproductive growth; Post-pruning is mainly to cut off dead branches, shady branches and insect branches inside the crown.