The second question is not much, at least not before the Song Dynasty. Please refer to the following for details.
Garlic: It is said that Zhang Qian brought back the seeds when he went to the Western Regions.
Coriander: Originated from the coast of China, it was introduced to China after Zhang Qian went to the Western Regions.
Celery: China has existed since ancient times, but it is different from celery in the world. It's called China Celery, and it is said that it was introduced by Emperor Zhang Qian when he went to the Western Regions. The varieties of celery we eat now have been introduced for less than a hundred years.
Cauliflower: Originated in India, China has a long history of cultivation, and it was one of the 20 kinds of vegetables cultivated artificially in the later Han Dynasty.
Chinese cabbage: referred to as Chinese cabbage and green vegetables. Originated in China, it was recorded as early as the post-Han period.
Chinese cabbage: Song Dynasty, called in ancient times, is a product artificially cultivated in China, and it is an authentic China native dish.
Zizania latifolia: the source is the same as above. Once used as a food crop, the seeds were called solitary rice and carved beard, which was one of the "six valleys", but it was not until the 5 th to 7 th centuries that water bamboo was eaten as a vegetable.
Cucumber: Also known as cucumber, it is native to the northwest of East India and was brought to China by Zhang Qian when he returned to China in the Western Han Dynasty. Formerly known as "cucumber", it was renamed "cucumber" in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. But there were wild cucumbers in Yunnan, China.
Broad bean: also known as bean, cold bean, arhat bean, etc. Originated from southwest Asia to north Africa, it was introduced when Zhang Qian was sent to the Western Regions.
Pea: It originated in China's coastal areas and was introduced to China in the Han Dynasty. But it was not until the early Yuan Dynasty that there was a record of eating pea pods (that is, eating peas now).
Water spinach: it is water spinach, which is produced in rainy areas in southern China. It is called the exotic vegetable in the south. Old Cao Cao has eaten it. Needless to say, it is time.
Lentils: originally from India, introduced in Han and Jin Dynasties.
Eggplant: native to Southeast Asia and India, it was introduced to China in the Jin Dynasty, and was especially favored by Emperor Yang Di, who also named it "Kunlun Purple Melon".
Spinach: Originally from Persia, it was introduced to China in the Tang Dynasty.
Mushroom: scientific name sunflower, also known as carmine. Hehe, this name sounds good and can be used for writing. Native to Asia and North America, it was cultivated before the Song Dynasty.
Lettuce: Originated in the coastal areas of China, China has a cultivation history of 1000 years. It was eaten before the Song Dynasty and was introduced by envoys from the Western Regions when they came to China.
Carrots are native to northern Europe. In the Yuan Dynasty, Persians brought them to Yunnan when they came to China, and then spread them all over the country.
Sweet potato: native to America, Chen Zhenlong, a native of Jin 'an, was introduced to Fujian from the Philippines during the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty.
Potato: Originated in South America, it was introduced to China in the late Ming Dynasty.
Pepper: Native to tropical areas of Central and South America. Pepper cultivation in China began in the late Ming Dynasty. Before that, Cornus officinalis was used for seasoning (I don't know if it tastes good, but I think it is an ornamental plant, probably not very spicy). As for sweet pepper, it was only in the18th century that it was introduced to China.
Cabbage: Also known as cabbage, it was introduced to China in the early Qing Dynasty.
Pumpkin: Native to Africa. It was introduced into southern China from Persia, and was called "cucumber" at that time. The date of introduction is unknown. There is also a kind of pumpkin, which originated in Southeast Asia. China has a long history of cultivation, probably in the Song Dynasty.
Green beans: Native to Central and South America, introduced to China in Ming Dynasty.
Tomato: Everyone knows this is a tomato. Peru, originally from South America, was introduced to China through the "Silk Road" in the middle and late Qing Dynasty. However, in 1983, the archaeological team of Sichuan Province in China found the seeds of tomatoes and other crops from the ancient tomb of the Western Han Dynasty, which became the Phoenix Mountain, and the Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences also carefully cultivated plants, which proved that this thing existed in China more than 2,000 years ago. Of course, you must not call it your current name at that time.
Zucchini: American pumpkin, introduced to China in the middle of Qing Dynasty.
Lettuce: Originated near Zhonghai, it was introduced to China in the late Qing Dynasty.
Cauliflower: Cauliflower originated in the coastal area of China, and it has been 100 years since it was introduced to China.
Onion: Originated in Iran and Afghanistan, it has a cultivation history of more than 5,000 years, and was introduced to China only for more than 100 years. "
Needless to say, there are many fruits in China, such as peaches, apricots, plums, pears, dates, longan, lychee, oranges, tangerines, grapefruit, persimmons, bayberry, plums and pomegranate. Even bananas have been planted for more than 2000 years, which is enough for writing. There are also several exotic fruits, which also existed before the Song Dynasty. For example, grapes, brought back by Zhang Qian; Watermelon came from the Silk Road in the Five Dynasties. Figs were introduced before the Tang Dynasty, but they were hard to eat in the Central Plains. Pay attention to the following results when writing:
Mango: It is said that the seeds were brought back by the Tang Priest when he learned Buddhist scriptures. Now mango was introduced by the Dutch when they were in Taiwan Province.
Hami melon: It was first recorded in the Southern Song Dynasty. Before the Ming Dynasty, it was seldom eaten in the Central Plains. It will also be a tribute in the future.
Pineapple: Originally from Brazil, it was introduced in Ming Dynasty.
Strawberry: Wild strawberries were cultivated in the Ming Dynasty. However, it was not until the middle of Qing Dynasty that improved varieties were introduced from Britain, France and other countries.
Papaya: Originally from Mexico, it was introduced to China in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties.
As for snacks, before the Song Dynasty, there were all kinds of jiaozi, wonton, noodles, sesame cakes, steamed buns, steamed buns and jiaozi.