In spring, lilacs are luxuriant in leaves and flowers in bloom. The fragrance is pleasant and refreshing, giving people a fresh and elegant, fragrant and quiet feeling.
Can be planted in front of lawns or buildings and around architectural sketches; It can also be planted on both sides of the garden road to form a clove road; It can also be planted with other kinds of lilacs to create a special lilac garden.
In addition, clove has strong resistance to toxic gases such as sulfur dioxide and hydrogen fluoride, and is a good material for greening and beautifying industrial and mining areas.
Lilac is a deciduous shrub or small tree with a spherical crown and a height of 4-5 meters.
Branchlets smooth and glabrous, gray.
Single leaf opposite, round or kidney-shaped, entire.
Corolla purple, terminal 4-lobed, calyx bell-shaped, 4-toothed, densely panicled.
Flowering in April-May, fruit ripening in September-65438+10.
The capsule is long and round. After the capsule cracked, the dark brown peel and fruit sequence existed on the tree for a long time.
Common varieties are: white lilac with white flowers, small leaves and slightly hairy back; Lavender calyx, inflorescence axis and calyx purple-blue, leaf apex narrow and sharp, abaxial surface slightly pilose; Bergamot lilac, white, double.
Lilac likes light, is slightly tolerant to shade, and can grow in the shade, but rarely or never blooms.
Strong cold tolerance.
Drought resistance, avoid low humidity water accumulation.
It needs fertile and moist soil with good drainage.
But avoid big fertilizer, too much fertilization will make the branches grow white, but they will not bloom.
Clove branches are thick, pseudo-binary, dry and layered.
Strong germination and strong tree potential.
Summer and autumn differentiation type, July-August is the concentrated differentiation period of flower buds, which is a mixed bud, differentiated from several axillary buds near the top of branches.
The shaping method of clove is usually multi-stem, and the shaping zone is about 100 cm, and the shaping is carried out in winter.
The branching form of clove determines that it is easy to form a "two-branch" tree shape, which not only affects the growth height, but also is unsightly.
Therefore, when the plastic zone is not reached at the seedling stage, we should choose branches with vigorous growth and small angle to replace the middle stem in time, choose a strong new shoot as the main stem for culture, and take another weak new shoot as the core to inhibit its growth and keep it as an auxiliary branch to maintain the growth of a single stem.
At this time, the rootstock buds and shoots should be drained at the same base.
When cutting in the winter of the following year, the branches reserved as auxiliary branches in the first year begin to taper from the base.
Then, according to the strength of the left middle trunk, the opposite buds under the incision are erased by 1, and the direction of the buds is relative to the previous year, so that they grow continuously from left to right to form a straight trunk.
The remaining branches extracted from the middle trunk can be discarded as long as their thickness does not exceed 1/3 of the thickness of the growth part, but the branches near the incision should be thinned to avoid competing branches and affecting the cultivation of the trunk.
Four to five stout, well-oriented and staggered main branches are evenly distributed around them, forming a multi-tap trunk.
Then, the lateral branches were cultured in the same way and gradually shaped.
Cut the extended branches of the main branches short, leaving external buds or lateral buds at the incision.
When the angle of the main branch is wide, leave lateral buds, when the angle of the main branch is small, leave external buds, and at the same time, erase another opposite bud.
When the main branch extends to a certain length, the robust branch can be properly selected as the side branch, and special attention should be paid to the stagger of the side branches, so as to effectively use the space and make the plants achieve the effect of three-dimensional flowering.
The auxiliary branches left before the middle stem should be gradually sparse, and the useless branches should be cut off as soon as possible; Useful weak branches can be released slowly, and strong branches can be cut short at weak buds and weak branches.
Cloves can also be multi-trunk or multi-trunk.
Leave more branches, usually 4 ~ 6.
Proper selection of main branches and lateral branches on each trunk does not need to pay too much attention to the order of branches, as long as the opposite branches are removed as far as possible to avoid the disorder of branches in the crown.
However, there is a great difference between the height of more dry or more dry, which is not suitable for group planting in gardens.
Cloves are usually pruned twice a year: first, after flowering, the purpose is to cut off the residual flowers, prevent the consumption of nutrients due to fruit, promote the germination and long-term release of new branches, promote the differentiation of flower buds and ensure the flower quantity in the next year.
It is also a troublesome pruning job to remove the sprouting tillers of lilacs during the growing season. Due to the strong germination of lilacs, if we don't pay attention to timely thinning, it will make the branches dense and flourish, which will affect ventilation and light transmission, cause pests and diseases, and affect the growth and flowering of lilacs.
Therefore, except the regenerated branches, the budding branches should be all thinned from the base of the plant.
The second is pruning during dormancy, which is mainly to drain the branches that are too dense, dry and dead, branches that are harmful to pests and diseases and branches that interfere with trees.
Pay attention to pruning in winter, don't cut it short, or most of the flower buds will be cut off, and there will be no flower scenery in spring.
In the dormant period, in addition to regular thinning, pruning needs to be updated. Adult plants can prune old branches every 1 ~ 3 years.
It is carried out in two situations: one is to retract where there is a new branch; The other is to cut flat from the ground to promote germination at the base.
The germination ability of clove is very strong, depending on the specific situation of the plant. If there is space, you can leave a few sprouting branches as regeneration branches. If the space is small, leave 1 ~ 2 branches, and all the others are sparse.
The next spring, the remaining regenerated branches were cut short, 60 ~ 80 cm long, and they could bloom in 2 ~ 4 years.