In fact, these branches, such as preparatory branches, long branches, drooping branches and backbone branches, can be cultivated into good fruiting branches as long as they are cultivated and pruned. Let's talk about it below.
First, the cultivation of preparatory branches.
When pruning peach trees, leave spare branches at the beginning of fruit fullness. In the cultivation of backbone branches and regeneration of fruiting branches, it is very important to keep the branches, especially in the early stage of complete fruiting, there are many fruiting branches with good quality, and we are all happy to keep the fruits.
But in the second year, it will be weak, and in the third year, most of them will die, and there will be a phenomenon of "bare legs"; Because no reserve branches were left, the yield decreased. Therefore, we must attach importance to the cultivation of preparatory branches.
Cultivating preparatory branches can ensure that the fruiting branches are close to the backbone branches, and the growth potential of branches is not easy to weaken. There are two ways to train the preparatory branch.
Generally, for short fruit branches, long fruit branches and long branches, only two buds at the base are cut short to promote the germination of new shoots and then cultured into fruiting branches.
The second method is to cultivate with long branches. That is to say, for the upward inclined fruiting mother branch, only two fruit branches are left at the base, and the upper branch is left as long as possible, and then bent and drooped after fruiting, and the lower branch is left with two buds at the base as preparatory branches. Because the branches droop after fruiting, the preparatory branches rise to the top branches, which can grow into thick preparatory branches and gradually cultivate into fruiting branches.
Like the trunk peach tree, it is a kind of tree commonly used in close planting, with early fruiting and high yield. However, if it is not well controlled, there will often be problems such as strong on the top and weak on the bottom, premature aging of trees and short life span.
If your peach tree is trunk-shaped, let the lower branches extend at an angle of about 50 degrees, the upper and middle branches develop horizontally, and cultivate the prepared branches on the main branches to keep the main branches in a moderate state.
Second, the pruning of long branches
Peach trees have overgrown long branches, which are 1 ~ 2 meters long, with thick branches and long nodes, and many leaf buds, including secondary and tertiary branches and secondary branches.
The tree shape is disordered in the young tree stage, and it can be controlled and cultivated into fruiting branches in adulthood.
If the long branches on peach trees are of no use value, they should be thinned from the base as soon as possible to reduce nutrient consumption.
Long branches that grow in space should be cultivated into fruiting branches.
Generally speaking, the operation method is to leave 1.5 ~ 20 cm for short cutting, and the cut 1 ~ 2 buds are still in vain. When the top 1 ~ 3 vigorous branches are cut off in winter, the lower branches can become good fruiting branches.
Long branches can also be cultivated as main branches and lateral branches, which can be used to update backbone branches, and can be stored for a long time, so that the opening angle can meet the requirements of backbone branches.
As mentioned at the beginning, when the angle of the main branch is large, the overgrowth of the upper branch will be seriously weakened and more light will be blocked. As a result, the branches should be removed or cultivated in time to avoid the phenomenon of trees growing on trees.
Another example is the peach tree in full bloom. Don't pick off the leafy branches on the back, otherwise it will be easy to get sunburned. Pay attention to reasonable pruning and cultivation, and cultivate them into medium branchlets when there is space.
Third, the pruning of drooping branches
The drooping branches of young peach trees are easy to form flower buds and bear early fruits. It is good to form flower buds with oblique branches in full fruit stage, and flower buds with straight branches are easy to form in aging stage.
Young peach trees should make proper use of the fruit of drooping branches, and leave buds at the cut when pruning to improve the angle. The general cutting length is 10 ~ 20cm.
If the long branch pruning technique is used, the drooping branches that are too weak will be thinned and the remaining drooping branches will not be cut off. Therefore, the back branch with medium growth potential starting from the back base will shrink and raise the angle.
Fourth, short fruit branches are mainly pruned by long branches.
Peach varieties with short fruit branches, such as Feicheng Peach and Meixian, should be thinned and trimmed, and long branches should be thrown away, which is generally neither short nor light. Next year, branches will grow at the top and many short branches will grow at the bottom. These short branches will droop after a few years, aging the branches. At this time, 1 ~ 2 short branches should be left at the base of the branch group.
For varieties with short fruit branches and bouquets of fruit branches, as many fruit branches as possible should be left in the young tree stage and the early stage of full fruit, which can slow down the growth of trees. Some of these branches become thinner when the trees gradually weaken in full fruit.
Fifth, update and trim the main branches.
The retraction, renewal and pruning of trunk branches are mostly used for old trees. Pruning the backbone branches of old trees can promote the germination of vigorous branches, and can be shrunk to 3-4 years old parts for renewal. Trees with severe aging can even shrink to 7-8 years old.
When pruning, leave strong branches or long branches. In addition, trees that are not weakened by old age can be shrunk and cut in smooth and unbranched places, and strong long branches and developing branches can be generated by latent buds to re-form the crown.
Weak fruit branches can be renewed and rejuvenated by techniques such as retraction and re-cutting, and even retracted to branches near main branches. After re-pruning and retraction, the top of the branch group is easy to draw big branches, and the pruning in summer should be controlled by coring to promote the formation of a large number of full flower buds in the branch group.
For example, in an aging peach tree, the growth of the extension heads of the main branches decreases and the middle branchlets wither. At this time, it is necessary to contract the elongation head again in winter, stimulate the lower part to sprout new branches, renew them with new branches, and prolong the fruiting life.
Finally, it is emphasized that in the process of pruning peach trees in winter, the kerf must be smooth, and when the kerf on the main branch is greater than the thickness of the main branch, live piles can be left.