1. Manage soil, fertilizer and water reasonably to promote the growth of trees. (1) For big hole planting, it is best to dig the tree pit 2 ~ 3 months in advance, then plant adult fruit seedlings and disinfect the tree pit with direct sunlight. The planting point has a length and width of 80 ~ 100 cm and a depth of about 80cm. When planting, the pit bottom should be filled with live soil and organic fertilizer. For the soil that is easy to harden, it is best to add 1/3 new sand and apply 0.2kg compound fertilizer. Fill the top floor with subsoil and irrigate it appropriately according to the water content. Large hole planting is very beneficial to seedling growth. Generally speaking, the root growth of 1 year-old seedlings is more than 1 times that of new shoots. Loose and fertile soil is conducive to root growth, while hard and barren soil is not conducive to root growth. In addition, after planting in big holes, expanding holes year by year combined with applying base fertilizer in autumn is also the key to early fruiting and high yield of young trees. (2) The base fertilizer was applied earlier in Jinzhong area. The peak activity of young apple root system is from mid-August to early October of 10. The earlier the base fertilizer was applied in this period, the more roots were absorbed before wintering. Apply base fertilizer in mid-August, and observe from 165438+ in early October. The average length of absorption roots is about 25 cm, and the longest is 45 cm. . When applying fertilizer in early September, it was observed that the growth of absorption roots was 15 ~ 18 cm in the same period. Therefore, we think that in Jinzhong area, the effect of applying base fertilizer is the best from late August to late September.

2. Choose suitable tree species according to site conditions. (1) There are obvious main branches in the center of the tree, with 5-7 main branches and 2-3 layers, which are suitable for varieties with deep and fertile soil and upright branches. The main points of shaping are: the dry height should be fixed at about 1m, and when the soil condition is poor, it should be kept low and dry; The main branch spacing should be 1 ~ 1.5m, and the position and direction should be appropriate; The first of the three main branches at the base is about 0.6m away from the trunk. If the apple tree flower and fruit protection technology is too close, it will form a door side, and the distance between branches will be further reduced to the periphery of the crown. It is necessary to control the back branches properly. The treatment method of posterior branch is: when the posterior branch is similar to the extended branch, treat the posterior branch in time; When the original branch is weak and the direction and angle of the back branch are good, replace the original head with the back branch; The branches at the back grow well and have formed flower buds, which can control the growth and make it bear fruit. (2) The central trunk of the tree has no obvious natural joy, with 2- 3 main branches, which are 2-or 3- branched, and are suitable for varieties with thin soil and open crown. Where the soil quality is poor, leave 3 lateral branches on each main branch; Where the soil quality is good, choose 1 ~ 2 secondary side branches for each side branch. When modeling, the tree potential should be balanced, and the lateral branches at all levels should retain certain growth advantages and make rational use of space. (3) The upright cylindrical main and lateral branches are short and arranged in layers or spirals on the central trunk, which can make full use of space and is suitable for areas with high mountains and deep valleys and insufficient illumination and varieties with strong uprightness.