Shen Douyuan and Chen Shigong (1555 ~ 1636), a native of Nantong, Jiangsu Province, is a famous doctor in the history of surgical development in China. I have studied surgery from young people for more than 40 years and learned a lot. The book Authentic Surgery has a wide and far-reaching influence. Chen's surgical academic thought has important reference significance. He quoted the correct argument of predecessors, that is, "it is more difficult to rule from the outside, which one?" Internal disease, or external disease, must be rooted in this. "Oppose the wrong view that doctors despise surgery. In clinical treatment and research, we should attach importance to the cultivation of medical theory, emphasize the theory that external diseases must be treated from the inside, and oppose the style of study in which doctors despise diagnosis, operate indiscriminately and throw drugs around. He systematically discussed 100 kinds of common surgical diseases. Generally speaking, under each disease, he first summarizes the etiology and pathology, then describes the symptoms and syndromes, then discusses the diagnosis and various treatment methods, then analyzes and introduces the successful or failed medical records, and finally selects the prescription. In surgical treatment, he creatively inherited and developed toe amputation, mandibular dislocation reduction, bone tuberculosis dead bone removal, nasal polyps removal, pharyngeal foreign body removal, esophagogastrostomy and so on. For example, in "Tracheotomy", Chen's account points out: "Suicide, which changes rapidly, must be saved as soon as possible, but it is cold-blooded at night and difficult to save. "Just cut, I was still breathing, the body is not cold. I'm anxious to sew the knife edge with silk thread ... the pillow is high and the knife edge can't be opened. I used silk strips outside, wrapped them three times and sewed them with needle and thread. " Another example is the removal of foreign bodies in pharynx and esophagus. Chen creatively developed the previous medical technology and skillfully made an oolong needle to take out foreign bodies. He described: "Oolong acupuncture is used to treat people whose bones are difficult to take out after swallowing. Burn them soft with fine wire, make pills with yellow wax as big as longan at both ends, wrap them around the wire head, then wrap them with silk cotton for external use and push them into the throat where the bones are stuck. The bones naturally go down and can't be pushed down any more. " Another method, such as "swallowing needles by mistake, rubbing longan around tendons, tying thread, leaving thread outside, swallowing soup in a hurry, and pulling it out", is another example of mandibular dislocation plastic surgery. Chen correctly pointed out: "Those who fall into chin cannot be hooked due to qi deficiency. Let the patient sit up straight, hold the chin with both hands, put the molars in the mouth, hold the chin tightly, press it hard under the shoulder, open and close the mouth, put it on the back of the head, and put it on the top of the chin with silk ribbon. It can be cured in an hour. " Another example is nasal polyps, and he elaborated its etiology and symptoms more accurately, pointing out that "nasal hemorrhoids are caused by unclear lung qi and rheumatism." Nasal polyps, such as pomegranate seeds, gradually droop, blocking the orifices, and qi can't pass. "Regarding the methods and steps of surgical treatment, he described his own surgical instruments, surgical anesthesia, surgical methods and postoperative care under the Method of Taking Nose Hemorrhoids. He stressed: "First, use fennel powder (local anesthetic) to blow into the nasal mucosa twice, and then use two thin copper ribs (namely copper chopsticks) to drill a small hole at one end of the copper rib and thread the silk thread into the small hole. The silk thread between the two ribs is five minutes apart. Two copper ribs directly penetrate one end of the silk thread into the root of nasal polyps, then tie the silk thread of the ribs to the root of nasal hemorrhoids, and then pull it down, and the hemorrhoids naturally fall off. Put it in the water to see its size. Then the fetal hair ash and ivory powder prepared before operation were blown into the wound at the root of nasal polyps, and the bleeding stopped. "Although there is no high, deep and difficult technology in this operation, it is indeed very advanced in medical device design, surgical anesthesia, surgical methods and steps. Great progress has also been made in toe and finger necrosis caused by thromboangiitis obliterans and Chen's toe amputation. Chen not only correctly discussed the prone site, symptom diagnosis and drug treatment of this disease, but also pointed out its serious prognosis. In order to get better therapeutic effect, he developed the conclusion of "quick death" in Neijing, emphasizing: "Find this joint with a sharp knife, take off Xu Shun's finger and stop it with a golden knife." He believes that some "gangrene" can be cured as long as it is diagnosed early and treated by surgery early. There are 4 cases in his medical record, of which 3 cases were cured recently.