There are many kinds of ginseng products. According to the planting and growth mode, they were named wild ginseng, wild ginseng and garden ginseng respectively. According to different producing areas, they are named Jilin Ginseng, Liaoning Ginseng and Shizhu Ginseng respectively. According to the processing method, it is named red ginseng, sugar ginseng, sun-dried ginseng, fresh-keeping ginseng, freeze-dried ginseng and so on. According to the physical specifications, they are named as: common red ginseng and red ginseng. According to the processed varieties, it can be divided into Huang Feng Ginseng and Xinkaihe Red Ginseng. (1) wild ginseng. It generally grows in virgin forests at an altitude of 1000 ~ 2000m, mainly distributed in Fusong County, Changbai County and Ji 'an City of Changbai Mountain, and generally grows for more than10 years, 20 ~ 30 years, decades or even hundreds of years. The taproot is thick and short with two main branches. Reed is slender, about 2 ~ 8 cm long, slightly twisted like a wild goose neck, commonly known as "wild goose neck reed". There are dense bowl-shaped scars on reeds, commonly known as "reed bowls". Due to years of experience, the lower reed bowl gradually disappeared, and the reed was cylindrical, commonly known as "round reed". Some reeds have spindle-shaped adventitious roots, which are shaped like jujube stones, commonly known as "jujube stone taro". The top of the taproot is wide and round, commonly known as "broad shoulder", gray-yellow, densely skinned, with longitudinal wrinkles, and the upper part has obvious and fine ring lines, commonly known as "spiral". The texture is solid, the fibrous root is not so thin, and the length is 2 ~ 3 times that of ginseng. There are often many small warts on it, commonly known as "pearl bumps", which are slightly fragrant, sweet and sour. The quality characteristics of wild ginseng are long growth, long reed, dense bowl, round reed, full body, deep butterfly shape, jujube kernel taro, long pimples with pearl pimples. (2) Yishan ginseng. Transplanting young wild ginseng into the wild and then artificially cultivating and growing, or transplanting young garden ginseng planted in Shan Ye and letting it grow naturally, are collectively called Yishan ginseng. (3) Garden ginseng. Ginseng cultivated artificially. It takes 6-8 years to harvest cultivated ginseng. Excavation is carried out from September to 65438+ 10 every year. (4) Jilin ginseng. Jilin Province is the main producing area of ginseng in China. Fusong is known as the "hometown of ginseng". Jilin ginseng comes from an authentic medicinal material called ginseng in Chinese medicine. When doctors prescribe medicine, they all write "Jilin Ginseng" with the title of origin. Because the processing methods are different, the efficacy is also different. The medicinal properties of red ginseng and other varieties treated by heating are warm, while the medicinal properties of white ginseng, freeze-dried ginseng and fresh-keeping ginseng are cold. (5) red ginseng. Clean fresh ginseng and steam in a steamer until the roots turn yellow and the epidermis is translucent. Taking out and drying in the sun or drying in the sun to become red ginseng. The dried red ginseng is ruddy, brownish yellow and fragrant. Commonly used commodities include red ginseng and ginseng. It is warm in nature and suitable for people with qi deficiency and yang deficiency. (6) dried ginseng. Wash fresh ginseng, expose it to the sun for a day, and then dry it in the sun. Commonly used commodities include sun-dried ginseng, dried ginseng and sun-dried ginseng. Sun-dried ginseng is peaceful, which can not only replenish qi, but also nourish body fluid. It is suitable for patients with qi deficiency and yin deficiency and body fluid deficiency. (7) sugar ginseng. Clean fresh ginseng, blanch it in boiling water, puncture countless holes along the length or vertical direction of ginseng with a special needle, then soak it in concentrated sugar water for sugar filling, finally take it out, wash off floating sugar, and dry it in the sun or oven, thus obtaining the sugar ginseng. Its nature is peaceful, and it is suitable for people with insufficient qi and yin.

Huang Feng ginseng

Ginseng processing varieties. It was developed in1June, 987 and 65438+February with the traditional common ginseng "Damaya" and "Ermaya" in Fusong Road, Jilin Province as raw materials, after more than 20 years of painstaking research by ginseng expert Du Erxun, and with the strong cooperation of Professor Li of Jilin Agricultural University, Associate Professor Lv Pin of Provincial Science and Technology Commission and Jia Guichen, a senior ginseng technician in Beijing Tongrentang. Compared with Korean ginseng with the same specification, the contents of saponins Ro, Rb, Re, total saponins of volatile oil, essential amino acids, malt acid, ginseng polysaccharide and hot extracts such as water, ethanol and ether in Huang Feng Korean ginseng are higher than those in Korean ginseng. The appearance is brownish red, the cutin is translucent, the ginseng oil is moist and heavy, the ginseng flavor is rich, the branches are neat and even, the pulp foot feels firm, the moisture content is low, the density is high, and there are no scars, broken bellies, stuffing, hollowness, flash, yellow peel, red rust and adhesion. Since 1988 was put into domestic and foreign markets, it has been favored by the world. Imperial ginseng can be seen all over the world, especially in the hearts of Taiwan Province compatriots. Huangshen is a pearl among mainland specialties and is highly respected. Over the years, the sales of Huang Feng ginseng exceeded 1 100 million yuan. 1987 65438+February, won the first prize of scientific and technological progress of the Ministry of Agriculture. 1988 10, won the gold medal in Beijing International Invention Exhibition. 1990165438+1October, won the eureka gold medal in the 39th international invention exhibition in Brussels, Belgium. 1990 12, won the gold medal at the China Practical New Technology and Achievements Exhibition held in He Man, Thailand.

Xinkaihe Hong Shen

Ginseng processing varieties. It was developed by 14 key scientific research institutions such as Jilin Agricultural University, Jilin University (formerly Bethune Medical University), Jilin University, Northeast Normal University, Jilin Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, and Provincial Institute of Drug Control 1986, with Ji 'an Xinkaihe Co., Ltd. and the meeting of the board of directors of provincial ginseng development as raw materials. The main feature is that the ginseng age is longer. Xinkaihe ginseng is not only the only ginseng in the world that has undergone root cutting and plastic surgery twice, but also the only ginseng that has been transplanted twice. Xinkaihe ginseng is older. The main indexes of Xinkaihe ginseng exceed Korean ginseng, and the content of total saponins ranks first among all kinds of ginseng. Xinkaihe Ginseng contains more than 17 kinds of amino acids and more than 29 kinds of essential trace elements. Xinkaihe Ginseng is made by combining unique modern processing technology with traditional formula. The scientific combination and the unique aroma of dozens of Chinese medicines make it different from any other ginseng. The moisture content has dropped below the safe moisture content, and the appearance and physical properties are excellent. It is vacuum packed and can be kept for a long time. 1986, won the special prize for scientific and technological progress in Jilin province; 1988 won the National Science and Technology Progress Award, and 16 won the gold medal at the Geneva International New Invention and Technology Expo. 1990 won the gold medal of China Practical Technology Achievements Expo in Bangkok, Thailand; 1992, won the excellent product award of Hong Kong International Health Products Exhibition. 1999, the first in the domestic ginseng industry to pass the ISO9002 international quality system certification. 1999 "Xinkaihe" trademark was recognized as a well-known trademark in China by the State Administration for Industry and Commerce and the Trademark Office.

Lindong brand ginseng

Ginseng processing varieties. It is 1988 Sun ginseng, a new product with low pesticide residue, jointly developed by Fusong No.1 ginseng farm, Jilin Medicine and Health Products Import and Export Corporation and a Japanese customer. The difference from other common sun-dried ginseng lies in: when planting, the pesticide residue index in the soil should be detected strictly according to the standard, and it should not exceed the standard; Cultivate seeds without pesticide residues; In field management, pesticides and fertilizers containing heavy metals are not used; In the process of ginseng processing, the fresh ginseng is strictly tested to ensure that the fresh ginseng does not contain pesticide residues, does not add any additives, and the water and steam are clean and hygienic; Before the finished product is sold, it should be tested again in batches to ensure that the pesticide residue does not exceed 0.2PPH (international standard) before it can be sold to the outside world. 1998, named as a famous trademark of Jilin Province by the people's government of Jilin Province. 1999, was rated as the famous brand product of China International Agricultural Expo.

American Ginseng

Perennial herbs of Araliaceae and Ginseng. Native to America, also known as American ginseng, American ginseng and American ginseng. Yes, it's cold, bitter, sweet and thin. It is suitable for tonifying lung, reducing fire, promoting fluid production, quenching thirst, and eliminating fatigue and asthenic fire. Traditional Chinese medicine has been used in China for more than 300 years, and it always needs to be imported. From 65438 to 0975, China introduced a large number of American ginseng seeds for trial planting, and Jilin Province was one of the first trial planting bases. It was successfully planted in 1980 and achieved scientific research results. It is mainly distributed in Ji 'an, Tonghua, Changbai, Jingyu, Fusong, Huinan, Dunhua and Antu counties (cities) in Changbai Mountain. The existing area is 4 million square meters, and the output is 300 tons, accounting for 70% of the country and 0/5% of the world. American ginseng produced in Jilin Province has high yield, good quality and advanced processing technology, which can be compared with American and Canadian American ginseng. After more than 20 years of research and development, researchers in Jilin Province have succeeded in cultivating American ginseng in large areas of farmland and mountainous forest land. Formed a set of cultivation techniques from seed treatment, planting management, pest control, improved seed cultivation and product processing. In order to realize the transformation of American ginseng from extensive cultivation to intensive cultivation, Jilin American ginseng Group Co., Ltd. and the Institute of Specialty of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences established a suitable model of soilless cultivation of American ginseng, and popularized the factory production technology of high-quality American ginseng seedlings, pollution-free direct seeding technology of American ginseng and green American ginseng product development technology. In addition, the standardized production demonstration bases were established in Ji 'an City and Jingyu County, and the SOP of American ginseng planting technology was formulated, so that American ginseng production moved towards the standardized track.

Pollution-free ginseng

Production according to international standards. Starting from 1989, China ginseng was restricted by Japan for the first time because the content of pesticide residues exceeded the standard, which attracted the attention of ginseng importing countries all over the world. Reducing pesticide residue content, developing pollution-free ginseng, improving the quality of Jilin ginseng products, reshaping the market position at home and abroad, and improving the social and economic benefits of ginseng industry have become the consensus of people from all walks of life in the province, which has been highly valued by government departments at all levels and adopted a series of work measures. 65438-0989 Provincial Bureau of Standards and Metrology promulgated and implemented the Technical Regulations for the Production and Management of Ginseng in Jilin Province. 1998 to revise the technical regulations for high-quality and high-yield cultivation of ginseng promulgated and implemented by the Provincial Bureau of Technical Supervision; 200 1, the state bureau of technical supervision approved the technical specification for high quality and high yield cultivation of ginseng as the national standard. Through the popularization and application of technical standards for ginseng production, the use of harmful pesticides and fertilizers is strictly restricted. The standardized production of ginseng was widely carried out in Jilin Province, and the pesticide residue content of ginseng was effectively controlled, which greatly increased the production ratio of ginseng with low pesticide residue. In the research of ginseng pesticide residue degradation, China Academy of Agricultural Sciences has successfully studied soil antidote and ginseng pesticide residue degradation technology. According to the task of the provincial government to revitalize Jilin ginseng project and develop modern Chinese medicine industry, a provincial demonstration base for pollution-free ginseng production was established in Fusong County in 200 1. Standardized management should be implemented according to GAP requirements, and the SOP of ginseng production should be formulated to realize the international integration of ginseng products. The quality inspection center of ginseng products of the Ministry of Agriculture is located in Jilin Agricultural University, and the quality inspection center of agricultural products of the Ministry of Agriculture is located in the professional research institute of China Academy of Agricultural Sciences, both of which are nationally recognized quality inspection institutions for ginseng products. With the decrease of land for planting ginseng under forest, Jilin Province vigorously develops the production of wild ginseng under forest, and develops green ginseng products under natural conditions by planting wild seeds, planting wild ginseng seedlings and artificially closing hillsides to facilitate afforestation.

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