Camellia oleifera has strong adaptability and can be planted in hills, hills and plains. Camellia oleifera should be planted below 500 meters above sea level, with a slope below 25 degrees, sufficient sunshine and good drainage. Too large a slope is not conducive to management, and it is not convenient to pick after maturity. It is best to plant in a large area with a slope of not less than 5 degrees. Taiping is easy to accumulate water, which will lead to root necrosis of Camellia oleifera.

Second, the soil requirements

Camellia oleifera likes warm and humid climate, and it is most suitable to grow on loam acid red soil or red-yellow soil with loose and moist, good ventilation, strong water-holding capacity, deep and fertile ph value of 5-6 and a small amount of gravel. Camellia oleifera grown on this soil is full of fruit, with high yield and oil yield.

Third, land consolidation.

1. Complete reclamation: Complete reclamation can be used for flat or gentle slopes. In August-September, it is necessary to plough with a machine, with a depth of 8 inches-1 ft, to remove stones, roots and other sundries, and let the soil solidify in the sun. After harrowing in June, 1 1 month, it is necessary to dig a hole around the mountain at a fixed point, with a hole of 40-50cm3.

2. Strip cultivation: a horizontal belt around the mountain is opened according to the row spacing, with a width of 2 meters, and the belt is dug at a fixed point according to the plant spacing, with the same specifications as the whole cultivation.

3. Hole tillage: Hole tillage should be used for land with large slope, and holes should be dug horizontally around the mountain according to the row spacing of plants, with the same specifications as full tillage. If all cultivated, it is easy to cause soil erosion, and the best and most fertile soil will be lost.

The planting density should be determined according to the conditions of the base, the characteristics of varieties and the business purpose. 2.5-3? 3 meters, that is, planting 74-89 plants per mu. A few years ago, you can interplant low-stem crops such as beans and peanuts. Don't interplant vine crops, which will affect the growth of Camellia oleifera. Pay attention to leave enough 1 for Camellia oleifera. 1 m growth space to avoid the competition between crops and young trees for water, fertilizer and sunshine; ); For the land with poor soil fertility and large slope, the row spacing between plants is 2-2.5? 3 meters, that is, 89-11plant per mu. In a word, it is necessary to adjust measures to local conditions, reasonably plant closely, and Camellia oleifera enters the fruiting period, and the coverage density is not less than 0.6 and not more than 0.8.

Fourthly, base fertilizer and acupoint cultivation.

Adequate base fertilizer: In order to improve soil fertility, garbage fertilizer, rice straw, Dicranopteris indica and farmyard manure should be applied appropriately after digging, and 0.25 kg lime, 0.25-0.5 kg compound fertilizer, or 0.25-0.5 kg phosphate fertilizer, 0./kloc-0.5 kg potash fertilizer and 0./kloc-0.5 kg urea should be added to each hole. The topsoil must be backfilled back to the hole, and the surface layer should be covered with the original subsoil to prevent grass from growing, and then the hole should be cultivated into a steamed bread shape about 15 cm above the ground for planting.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) variety selection

Excellent clonal seedlings of Camellia oleifera for afforestation at present. Through the cutting of excellent camellia oleifera clones identified at or above the provincial level, the buds cultivated by robust camellia oleifera seeds are used as rootstocks, and the seedlings of camellia oleifera are cultivated and produced in May-June by grafting technology.

Varieties suitable for planting in Fujian 1

Fujian 43, 48 and 60 clone series were approved and cultivated by the Provincial Forestry Department.

2, seedling quality

One-year-old seedlings should be above 15cm in height and 0. 15 cm in ground diameter. Two-year-old seedlings have a height of more than 30cm and a ground diameter of more than 0.3cm; And at least five seedlings are used for afforestation. It is strictly forbidden to plant seedlings and not transport seedlings from other provinces, because:

(1) Although the seedlings from other provinces may be excellent varieties identified locally, they can only show that they have performed well in the local area. Due to the difference of soil and climate conditions, if it is not planted in our province for a period of time, it cannot be said whether it can adapt to Fujian and whether it can also produce high yield.

(2) Long-distance seedling adjustment takes a long time to lose water, which affects survival rate.

The seedling sales unit must have a seedling production license and a business license, and the seedlings sold must also have two certificates and one sign.

Sixth, planting

The general planting time is from late winter to early spring, and from the end of February to the beginning of March, the soil is moist. During this period, it rained intermittently, and migrant workers went home for the New Year. Therefore, planting at this time can meet the needs of temperature, rain and labor for camellia oleifera seedlings. )

Preparation before planting: Pay attention to the weather forecast. After all afforestation teams enter the site, choose rainy days and notify the nursery to pick up seedlings. After picking up the seedlings, they should be shipped back overnight. Don't stay on the road. The shorter the storage time of bare-rooted seedlings outdoors, the higher the survival rate. When transporting, cover the seedlings with tarpaulins to prevent the seedlings from being dried in the process of transportation. After the seedlings are transported to the mountain field and unloaded, the roots of the tea seedlings should be surrounded with wet soil immediately, so as to be inserted; Before planting, the roots of tea seedlings should all be dipped in slurry evenly, and it is best to use rich field mud and pond mud in paddy fields or ponds. If there are too many seedlings, they should be picked and transported in stages, and each transportation volume should be controlled within 1-2 days.

When planting, plant one plant in one hole, dig a hole suitable for the size and depth of seedling root system in the hole filled with soil, and plant seedlings, preferably after rain or cloudy days. When planting, the soil should be subdivided, the seedlings should be planted properly, the roots should be stretched, the soil should be filled, and the roots and soil should be closely connected. Take the one-year-old seedlings as an example, the planting depth is better at the upper end of mating interface of Camellia oleifera seedlings (about 1-3cm higher than the roots of seedlings), and the two-year-old seedlings should also be planted moderately deep. Cover with a layer of loose soil after planting. After planting, it is best to pour the planting water thoroughly. In case of dry season, it should be replenished regularly.

Seven, tending management

After planting Camellia oleifera, tending management should be carried out in time to create superior environmental conditions and meet the requirements of growth and development of Camellia oleifera for fertilizer and water. This is the key measure to ensure the survival, early fruiting and high yield of Camellia oleifera.

1, intertillage weeding. Generally, young Camellia oleifera will loosen the soil and weed twice a year, the first time in May and the second time in September. The depth of scarification is generally 3-5 cm, which should be shallow in that year, and the topsoil is hot in dog days, which is not suitable for scarification and weeding. In order to make Camellia oleifera grow orderly, weeds were placed around the roots and covered with soil as fertilizer in combination with seedling support and soil fertility. Check the seedlings and replant them in time within 1-2 years after planting. If missing plants are found, replanting should be done in the appropriate planting season to preserve the seedlings. Camellia oleifera should be reclaimed by deep excavation, the depth is generally 2 1-24 cm, once every three years, so as not to damage the root system. Requirements: The forest is deep, the young trees are shallow, the crown is deep and the crown is shallow.

2. Irrigation. Camellia oleifera seedlings should have enough water. In case of summer drought during the strong fruit period, irrigation should be done in time.

3. Fertilize. Camellia oleifera must absorb a lot of nutrients from the soil at all stages of its growth and development. With the growth of tree age, more fertilizer is needed. In order to make Camellia oleifera high and stable yield, it is necessary to apply fertilizer reasonably. Generally, topdressing is done once in early March, late May and middle and late July, with organic fertilizer as the main fertilizer, chemical fertilizer as the supplement, and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium as the coordination.

(1) Young stands are fertilized twice a year, and farmyard manure (10-20kg) is applied to each plant in winter, quick-acting fertilizer is applied in spring, and compound fertilizer is applied before spring shoots germinate. You can also spray leaves with 0.25 kg urea mixed with 50 kg liquid fertilizer, which has a good effect on protecting flowers and fruits.

(2) Fertilization of mature Camellia oleifera forest is mainly based on phosphorus, potassium and organic fertilizer in big years and phosphorus and nitrogen fertilizer in small years. Apply compound fertilizer 15 kg per mu every year, mainly applying organic fertilizer, which can be applied in holes or ditches. Fertilization of Camellia oleifera should be applied on the upper edge of hillside. If the rain is saturated with fertilizer, it can permeate downward along the direction of water flow, so that the roots can be evenly fertilized.

4, plastic trimming. In order to form a reasonable structure and high-yield crown, young trees must be pruned and reshaped in stages and topped at 50 cm to control high growth, promote the development of lateral branches and form a crown width. General molding? One shot, three branches and nine tips? The most reasonable structure. It is suggested that trees should be pruned after fruit picking and before spring shoots germinate. The steps of pruning are: first cut the lower part, then cut the middle and upper part, first trim the inside of the crown, then trim the outside of the crown, which requires small space, full inside and full outside, not heavy left and right, lush branches and leaves, ventilation and light transmission, and increase the volume of results. Generally, it is dead branches, old branches, waste branches, pests and diseases, shade branches, etc. , and according to the situation reasonable pruning long branches and cross branches.

5, pest control. The main diseases of Camellia oleifera are anthracnose, soft rot of Camellia oleifera and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum of seedlings. The main pests are camellia moth, camellia oleifera, camellia oleifera, scarab, weevil, longicorn beetle, red spider and so on. The prevention and control of pests and diseases is based on the principle of combining biological control with chemical control. Prevention and control methods: First, combine forest management measures to eliminate the source of the disease. 2. During the peak period from July to September, 2% tea bran water was sprayed with 1% Bordeaux solution for 3-4 times, and the control effect was good. To control scale insects and aphids, spray 40% omethoate 1000 times water from August to September.

Prevention and control methods of camellia oleifera diseases

1) Anthracnose: control before winter, 50% carbendazim, 500 times wettable powder. Use 50% WP 300 times solution or 50% carbendazim 500 times solution for prevention and control in summer.

(2) Soft rot: 300-500 times of 50% carbendazim, 300-500 times of 75% thiophanate-methyl, 50% carbendazim 1000- 1500 times,1100.

(3) Root rot: 1% disinfected seedlings such as copper sulfate or dixone.

(4) Blue-winged Anoplophora longicorn: 20% fruit emulsion can be sprayed 500 times at the peak of adult emergence, 90% trichlorfon 1000 times and 90% trichlorfon can be sprayed 500 times at the larval stage.