Question 1: home care 1. The convenience, comfort and safety of bedridden patients should be considered as much as possible in the setting of bed units. The width of the bed depends on the patient's illness needs and living habits. Generally, it is wider than the average bed 10 ~ 30cm, and daily necessities (such as glasses, watches, radios, combs, small mirrors, etc.) should be left beside the bed. Placement of bedside objects: such as small mirrors can improve the interest of bedridden patients' life, see the environment around the room, broaden their horizons, and see the "world" outside and the guests entering the house through the mirror, so that patients can establish confidence in life and overcome the difficulties brought by bedridden. 2. Basic nursing (1) Morning nursing: it can promote patients' blood circulation and maintain oral hygiene, make patients feel clean and comfortable, and help prevent complications; By observing the progress of the disease, it can provide basis for diagnosis, treatment and nursing plan. The contents include: cleaning of mouth, face, hands, feet, skin and bed units, as well as combing hair (shaving for male patients) and pressing parts. (2) Night care: it can make patients comfortable, clean and promote sleep. Give the patient an evening care after supper. The contents include: in addition to repeating morning care, wiping the patient's back and buttocks and soaking his feet with hot water; Female patients should clean the perineum, cut their nails (the shape of nails should be the same as that of fingertips, and the toes should be cut flat. After cutting, they should be smoothed with a control knife) and make the bed. Keep warm. (3) Assist the patient to eat: first urinate, wash your hands, hold the patient's waist with a quilt or a big pillow, put your hands on the dining table of the bed, assist the patient to eat, wash your hands after meals, and tidy up things. For those who can't sit and eat, they can eat on their side. 3. Family preventive care of major complications of long-term bedridden patients (1) Major complications: respiratory and urinary tract infections, bedsores, venous thrombosis and secondary functional damage. (2) Prevention and prevention of functional damage in home care A. Prevention of foot drop: Foot drop, also known as foot drop deformity, is easy to form in patients with lower limb paralysis. Feet should be supported, such as using baseboard support and pillows. Make the feet and legs at right angles, keep back flexion and prevent calcaneal contracture. When keeping warm in winter, we should pay attention to the pressure of the quilt on our feet. We can support the quilt with brackets or clean cartons to avoid crushing the instep. Guide and help patients to exercise their ankles to avoid muscle atrophy and joint stiffness. B. Prevention of knee joint deformity: A cushion on the knee joint can prevent the knee joint from swelling and overstretching (knee supination), and the time should not be too long. Go to bed many times a day to prevent knee flexion and contracture. C prevention of shoulder and hip joint A. supine: put a cushion under the shoulder joint to prevent dislocation of the shoulder joint; Roll the towel on the outside of the legs and hips to prevent joint abduction and external rotation. Prevent the mattress from being too soft and the buttocks from sinking, so that the buttocks are in a flexion position for a long time and cause flexion deformity. Once the patient can get out of bed and stand, the frontal joint of the body can bend and cannot stand. B. Hemiplegic patients lie on the healthy side: the upper limb of the affected side retracts to below the chest and elbow, and a cushion is placed; The patient's lower limbs are bent and the cushion is placed under his legs. Put a pillow on your back to prevent trunk spasm. C. The patient with hemiplegia lies on the affected side: the affected upper limb is straight, the healthy upper limb is bent on the chest, the affected lower limb is bent, and a pad is placed under the foot. D. Semi-sitting position: Keep your arms away from the trunk, slightly bend your upper limbs, and put a cushion under your elbow to prevent shoulder adduction deformity. D. Exercise: prevent joint stiffness, muscle atrophy and disuse, which is an important condition to ensure joint activity when the rehabilitation period comes. Don't let the muscles be inhibited for a long time in life, and make a joint exercise plan according to the patient's situation. A. passive movement; When patients can't take active exercise, they should take passive exercise in bed. Methods: All joints (upper limbs: shoulder, elbow, wrist and finger; Lower limbs: joints of marrow, knee, ankle and toe); All directions (front, back, left, right, up and down); The sequence of activities is from the big joint to the small joint; The range of motion (flexion, extension and rotation) is from small to large; Time: each joint moves in all directions 3 ~ 5 times, l ~ 2 times a day; Slow, gentle, step by step, with * * *. B. Active exercise: keep active and exercise all unrestricted parts when the condition permits. Because exercise can promote blood circulation, it is the basic factor to maintain the physiological function of articular cartilage surface, and it is also an effective method to prevent articular surface degeneration. Exercise content: upper and lower limb joints: according to the range of physiological activities, encourage patients to take active activities and do L-shaped exercises; Hand joints: make a fist and fully extend your fingers; Foot joints: ankle flexion, toe extension and flexion. And often maintain the training of fine hand movements, such as writing and eating with chopsticks. 4. Oral care and prevention of respiratory infection. Bedridden patients are weak, their immunity is weakened and their resistance is reduced. Shout ... >>

Question 2: What principles should nurses follow when making home care plans? They should follow the correct operating procedures, skilled and gentle movements and strictly abide by the principle of aseptic technology.

Question 3: Your own family care plan. . .

Question 4: The terminology of home-based pension plan is incorrectly explained and cannot be answered.

Question 5: Principles to be followed in making nursing plans (1) Set priorities. According to the light, heavy, slow and urgent health problems, multiple nursing diagnoses are arranged according to the urgency. The principle of arc sequence (1) gives priority to solving problems that directly endanger patients' lives and need to be solved immediately. (2) According to Maslow's hierarchy theory of basic human needs, priority is given to solving low-level problems, and then high-level problems. (3) On the basis of not violating the treatment principle, priority is given to solving problems that patients subjectively think are important. (4) Give priority to solving existing problems and don't ignore potential problems. 2. Ranking order (1) The first outstanding problem threatens the life of patients, and the problem that needs immediate action ranks first. Mainly about vital signs. (2) Although the problem of getting the best grades will not directly threaten the life of patients, it will also lead to poor health or emotional changes. (3) The suboptimal problem can be solved in the later stage of nursing process.