In addition, shrimp is its favorite. If not, meat and shrimp skin can also be treated. Don't buy turtle food. .
Mainly to change water frequently. If possible, it is best to let the tap water stand for a while before using it/
Most turtles in my family died of eye diseases. I posted the prevention and treatment of turtle disease for your reference.
Highlights of turtle disease prevention and treatment
External parasites:
Cause: The tortoise is attached by parasites because it lives in the wild.
Symptoms: The sick turtle is weak, with spotted water spots on the head, neck and limbs. The damaged skin of the sick turtle is easy to be infected, which can lead to death in severe cases. The main species of parasites on turtle body are ticks, mites and leeches. , mainly concentrated on the skin of the tortoise neck fossa, armpit and crotch fossa.
Treatment:
First, the skin of the newly bought turtle should be carefully examined, and the parasites should be removed immediately. Never use your hands or tweezers to clamp the parasite and forcibly take it out. Because of the strong adhesion of parasites, forced removal will hurt the turtle. The turtle can be soaked in 5% sodium chloride (salt) solution or weak potassium permanganate solution for 10- 15 minutes, which can eliminate parasites on the turtle.
2. Soak in 0.7 mg/L copper sulfate solution for 20-30 minutes.
Internal parasites:
Etiology: The parasites on the same surface are almost the same. Because turtles live in the wild, when eating, they will take food with parasite eggs into their bodies, so that parasites can live in various organs in the abdominal cavity of turtles.
Symptoms: The sick turtle is weak, with poor resistance, emaciation and weakness of limbs. A large number of parasites can be seen in the feces of some newly bought turtles. Parasites in soft-shelled turtles mainly include trypanosoma, Clonorchis sinensis, nematodes and paragonimiasis.
Treatment:
First, in the daily feeding management process, it is forbidden to feed rotten feed, and vegetables, fruits and vegetables should be thoroughly cleaned before feeding. For newly purchased soft-shelled turtles, some drugs for expelling intestinal worms should be mixed into the feed, such as enterotoxin and imidazole. , or directly feed. At present, there are several imported amphibian and reptile anthelmintics on the market. The effect is good, but the price is more expensive. For soft-shelled turtles fed with fresh feed such as live fish, live shrimp and red nematodes, insect repellent should be given once every six months or so to drive away parasites. Before feeding, you can also irradiate fresh feed with ultraviolet rays for a period of time to kill parasites attached to it.
Second, feed insect repellent, such as imidazole, which produces enterotoxin. ..
Gastroenteritis:
Etiology: After the soft-shelled turtle eats, the sudden drop of the ambient temperature of more than 5C or less than 22C is easy to cause this disease, and the deterioration of water quality can also cause this disease if it is fed with rotten food.
Symptoms: the sick turtle is listless, unresponsive, and eats little or nothing; There is a small amount of mucus or soft stool in the feces of mild turtle, which is yellow, green or dark green, and the turtle eats less. Severe turtle dung is watery or sticky, reddish brown or blood red. A small amount of cotton swabs are smeared on white paper, and blood can be seen, and turtles hunger strike. Anatomy showed gastrointestinal congestion. The disease mostly occurs in spring, summer and autumn, and is prevalent in summer and high temperature seasons.
Treatment: antibiotics, such as oxytetracycline, berberine, furazolidone and chloramphenicol. , can be added to the feed of sick turtles, the first dose can be larger, and it can be cured after continuous feeding for one week. Soft-shelled turtles that refuse to eat can be directly fed with tablets, and the dosage is given according to the weight of soft-shelled turtles. Severe intramuscular injection and vitamin supplementation.
First, your turtle refuses to eat, which shows that gastroenteritis is serious and must be treated in time. If your turtle eats, let him eat small and fast food containing vitamins now, and the amount will be less (to avoid the turtle's illness getting worse). Go to the turtle market to buy turtle protection solution (for soaking, it has the effect of treating gastroenteritis). It is best to go to the pharmacy to grind berberine into powder and feed it in food (or dissolve it in the water in the turtle box). I believe your tortoise will recover soon.
Second, oxytetracycline 1 tablet, Liushen pill 3 tablets, Ganchuanmu tablet orally, 1 twice a day for 3 days, and the effect is good.
3. Soak the sick soft-shelled turtle in 300,000 units of erythromycin solution for 60 minutes, and then add a proper amount of oxytetracycline into the feed to feed the sick soft-shelled turtle; Mild turtles can take furazolidone, berberine, chloramphenicol and so on. Severe cases were treated by intramuscular injection and supplemented with vitamins.
Fourthly, antibiotics, such as oxytetracycline, chloramphenicol and gentamicin, are added to the bait. Turtle with diarrhea can be fed furazolidone and berberine. The first dose can be larger, and you can recover after continuous feeding for about a week. For turtles who are seriously ill and refuse to eat, they can be fed directly with tablets, and the dose can be calculated according to the weight of turtles. Chloramphenicol can also be injected subcutaneously, with a weight of 40,000-50,000 units per kilogram. At the same time, supplement vitamins.
Mumps:
Etiology: Aeromonas punctata subspecies, water quality
Symptoms: slow movement, frequent head-up and swelling of the neck, swelling of the hind limbs, gas under the skin, edema of the limbs, and severe bleeding in the mouth and nose.
Treatment: intramuscular injection of streptomycin sulfate, 200 thousand units per kilogram of soft-shelled turtle for 3 days; Soak in oxytetracycline solution (3 tablets per kilogram of oxytetracycline) for 30 minutes.
Fibroma:
Etiology: A benign tumor virus produced by tuberculosis tissue.
Symptoms: induration, round or oval.
Treatment: Resection as soon as possible, and some will metastasize internally.
lipodystrophy
Etiology: Long-term feeding with a large amount of single high-fat bait leads to a large accumulation of fat in the turtle, which leads to imbalance of organs in the turtle, dysfunction and even other diseases in severe cases.
Symptoms: At the beginning of the disease, it is difficult to identify the diseased turtle through external observation. However, with the aggravation of the disease, the body color of the sick turtle is obviously deepened, the limbs and neck are swollen, the skin is inelastic when the fingers are pressed, the body becomes thicker and stinks. In severe cases, the action is slow, the phenomenon of refusing to eat appears, and the visceral function is out of order, which eventually leads to death.
Treatment: In daily feeding management, it is forbidden to feed fatty foods such as fat meat, silkworm chrysalis and fly maggots for a long time. Fresh tenderloin should be fed. Moreover, attention should be paid to the matching feeding of animal bait and plant bait. It is forbidden to feed spoiled bait, and regularly feed some vitamin drugs, such as vitamin B, vitamin C, vitamin E, etc. For soft-shelled turtles that are already sick, the lighter ones can be fed with appropriate amounts of the above vitamins to promote their body fat metabolism. There is generally no effective treatment for turtles with serious illness, and the mortality rate is extremely high.
High temperature death
Etiology: Crocodiles, lateral-necked tortoises and some tortoises are sensitive to high temperature. During the high temperature period in summer, soft-shelled turtles are in direct sunlight, so the environment is poor, and the environmental temperature exceeds their bearing capacity for a long time.
Symptoms: the sick turtle has no eyes, little or no movement, slow movement and stops eating. Some of them stood upright in the corner of the feeding container, causing serious coma and eventually death.
Treatment: When the high temperature period comes in summer, cover the feeding container, avoid long-term direct sunlight, deepen the water level, increase the number of water changes, and ensure good feeding environment conditions. If possible, the water in the feeding container can be made into circulating water, or diving or filters can be added to the water to make the water flow. For sick turtles, they should be moved to the shade immediately to rest, so that they can recover slowly. However, the water temperature should not drop more than 5℃ in a short time, otherwise it will lead to other diseases and even death.
water poisoning
Etiology: the water in the feeding container has not been changed for a long time, and there are a lot of turtle droppings and bait residues in the water. With the decay of feces, bait or residue, harmful substances such as methane, ammonia and hydrogen sulfide are produced, which leads to turtle poisoning and disease, especially when the temperature is high in summer.
Symptoms: swollen neck and limbs, red skin, inflexible hands, slow movement, less movement, less food or refusal to eat bait. If left untreated for a long time, it will lead to death.
Treatment: In the daily feeding management, Qin Ying changed water, and fished dregs and dung. Especially in the high temperature period in summer, change the water in time after feeding bait for 6 hours, and add appropriate antibiotics to the water to inhibit the growth of bacteria. For sick turtles, clean fresh water should be replaced in time, and the feeding containers should be disinfected with potassium permanganate or bleaching powder. The difference between the water temperature of new water and that of old water shall not exceed 5℃. Sick turtles should be fed an appropriate amount of antibiotics, such as oxytetracycline, penicillin, or sulfonamides, such as sulfonamides and synergistic sulfonamides. Continuous feeding for about a week should be able to recover, but if the turtle is seriously ill, the treatment effect is minimal and the mortality rate is extremely high, so prevention is still the main thing.
omphalitis
Etiology: The navel of the newly hatched turtle has not completely healed. Due to climbing friction, the navel of the young turtle was damaged and inflamed. Without timely and effective treatment, young turtles are prone to die.
Symptoms: Umbilical part (yolk sac) of the sick turtle is swollen due to inflammation, the sick turtle eats less or refuses to eat, and the abdomen smells bad.
Treatment: In daily feeding management, young turtles should be kept in smooth glass containers, and rough objects such as sand and stones should not be laid in the containers, so the stocking density should not be too high. Ill turtles should be fished out in time, and the feeding containers should be soaked and disinfected with potassium permanganate. After the sick turtle is soaked in potassium permanganate solution for about 1 hour, apply antibiotics such as chlortetracycline eye ointment to the affected area and rest in a dry place to avoid expanding infection. Change the dressing every day and it will be fine in a week or so.
reproductive death
Etiology: Tortoise failed to supplement enough nutrition during mating and spawning, and died of failure after mating or spawning. This disease usually occurs after the female lays eggs.
Symptoms: turtles are weak before mating and spawning, and feel lighter in their hands. Turtles are weak in limbs and are easily pulled out of the body. After mating and spawning, you can't eat or move, and finally you die.
Treatment: when the breeding season comes, the feeding amount should be increased, and appropriate nutritional drugs and antibiotics should be mixed into the bait regularly. Feed some live shrimp and lean meat if possible. For parent turtles that have been selected, it is more important to note that cooked egg yolk can be mixed into the bait.
water mould
Etiology: Turtles live in water or dark and humid places for a long time, which is not suitable for water quality and caused by fungal infection of turtle skin.
Symptoms: Water mold mostly occurs in the head, neck, limbs and tail of soft-shelled turtle. The mycelium is white, soft and cotton-ball-shaped. At the beginning of the disease, the sick turtle lost appetite and fidgeted. In severe cases, the turtle is emaciated and weak, which can cause death. Chinese tortoises, Brazilian tortoises, Nessler's tortoises and scarabs are susceptible to this disease.
Treatment: In the daily feeding and management of turtles, turtles should be exposed to the sun frequently to inhibit the growth of water mold and achieve the preventive effect. Sick turtles can be soaked in low-concentration salt solution, and feeding containers can be soaked in potassium permanganate solution for disinfection. At the same time, adding proper amount of antibiotics to the feed can improve the resistance of soft-shelled turtle, and it can also be raised in 1% Chidamycin solution for a period of time, which also has good results.
pneumonia
Etiology: This disease mostly occurs in winter and summer, which is caused by the sudden increase or decrease of air temperature or water temperature when the environmental temperature is high and humidity is high.
Symptoms: The sick turtle moves slowly and eats less or stops eating. There is snot commonly known as "snot" on the nose, which leads to nasal congestion. In severe cases, the nose is thick and smelly. Sick turtles often breathe through their mouths, breathing loudly and spitting out white foam or mucus. When tortoises suffer from this disease, they refuse to eat, have a runny nose, often drink a lot of water (obviously more than usual) and have less activities.
Treatment: keep ventilation in summer, pay attention to the change of ambient temperature in winter, and heat it in time, so as not to let the ambient temperature be lower than 5C. In daily management, the ambient temperature should not exceed 5C in a short time. Sick turtles should be treated in isolation, so the ambient temperature is about 25 degrees Celsius.
One,
1. isolation, raise the temperature in the feeding box to about 30 degrees.
2. Add gentamicin into water according to the ratio of 1: 20.
The most important thing is to give medicine. Crush amoxicillin and vitamin XXI (a little), mix it with raw eggs (a little) evenly, gently hold the sides of the head with thumb and forefinger when the tortoise stretches its head, open its mouth with a large needle tail, and drip the mixture of medicine and eggs with a syringe. One or two drops each time, about ten drops each time, twice a day.
2. Prescription composition: 8 grams of Pulsatilla chinensis, 6 grams of Gentiana macrophylla, 8 grams of hawthorn 10, 8 grams of Sanguisorba officinalis, 0/2 grams of ebony/kloc-0, and 4 grams of coptis chinensis. This medicine is decocted, three bowls of water are boiled into one bowl of water, and the medicine juice is put into the Brazilian tortoise pond at the ratio of 1:20, and soaked twice a day for 20 times each time.
3. Use amoxicillin powder as much as mung bean, add 1-2 ml water, stir well, hold its small head with a dropper, be cruel, open its small mouth with a toothpick, and ask someone to help drop a drop. In this way, feed it once every morning and evening for the first two days, and once every day for the next three days, depending on the size of your turtle.
White eye disease
Etiology: the feeding density is too high, the water quality is getting worse, the alkalinity is too heavy or eye damage is caused, which is more common in spring and autumn.
Symptoms: the eyes of the sick turtle are inflamed and congested, and gradually turn gray and swollen. The cornea and its surroundings are eroded by inflammation, and the outside of the eyeball is covered with a layer of white secretion. After illness, turtles often wipe their eyes with their forelimbs, so they can't eat anything. In severe cases, they will be blind, have difficulty breathing, and die of emaciation.
Treatment:
First, the sick turtles were isolated and raised separately, and the original feeding containers were soaked in potassium permanganate solution for 30 minutes for disinfection. For soft-shelled turtles (those who can open their eyes and take the initiative to eat) with mild illness, they can be soaked in low-concentration salt water or fed with 15 mg/L furacilin solution, and they can recover in about a week. If the turtle's condition is serious (he has refused to eat and can't keep his eyes open), he should add antibiotic drug solution to low-concentration salt water and soak the turtle all day. According to my personal experience in treating soft-shelled turtle, it is more appropriate to put 3-5 gentamicin in 500ml water, and so on. Never use penicillin. The solution is easy to dissolve in water, but the tablets are not easy to dissolve, which makes the water turbid. If the effect is not obvious after a few days, you can gradually increase 1-2 gentamicin every day. It is forbidden to use a single antibiotic for a long time, and it should be used alternately, so as to avoid the turtle's drug resistance and weaken its efficacy. If the tortoise tries to open his eyes after a few days, the white membrane of his eyes will fall off. Antibiotic eye ointment can be applied to the eyes and placed in a dark and humid place to promote the white secretion to fall off as soon as possible.
2, soaking the sick soft-shelled turtle in 5 ml erythromycin solution for 60min; Or use other anti-inflammatory eye drops to smear chloramphenicol or other anti-inflammatory eye drops (such as Zhenshiming) twice a day 1-2 times. If the turtle's eyes can't be opened, you can dip a cotton swab or a hairbrush in the aqueous solution of 1% nitrofurazone or 1% Rafnuel twice a day, and then put it in clean water. Rivanol 1% aqueous solution can also be applied, each time 1 min, once a day 1 time for 5-8 days.
3. Use chloramphenicol or other anti-inflammatory eye drops, 1-2 times a day, and then take penicillin tablets (1 tablet) 1-2 times; Or dip a cotton swab or a new wool nib in the aqueous solution of 1% nitrofurazone or 1% Rafnuel, smear your eyes twice a day, and then put them in clean water. It can be cured in six days. Don't forget to add twice as much tortoise protection liquid to the water.
Fourth, feed more animal livers, disinfect them, and soak them in 1% water solution once a day for 40-60 seconds for 3-8 days.
5. Soak in furacilin (or furazolidone) solution with a concentration of 20 mg/L, and apply it to the turtle; Young turtles 30 mg/l, adult turtles and young turtles, 40 minutes each time, 1 time every day, for 3-5 days.
Six, Dakening Eye Ointment.
Seven, pick out white material with a toothpick, put chloramphenicol eye drops, heat feed, basically good for a week.
Nail shedding
Etiology: calcium and vitamin D deficiency.
Symptoms: It's just that the nails are falling off.
Treatment: supplement calcium and vitamin D, get more sunshine, and the food should be nutritious.
Rotting skin
Etiology: It is caused by single Bacillus infection, or high feeding density, turtle bite, bacterial invasion and water quality infection.
Symptoms: white epidermis
Treatment: completely remove the focus and apply it with chlortetracycline eye ointment once a day. If the turtle eats it, add oxytetracycline to the food, isolate the sick turtle, avoid releasing water, and put it into the water after recovery.
Pulmonary asphyxia syndrome
Etiology: The water level of semi-aquatic soft-shelled turtle is too deep, or the soft-shelled turtle is weak and can't rest ashore for a long time, which causes the soft-shelled turtle to suffocate. When changing water for the turtle, the water depth suddenly increases greatly, which will also cause the turtle to suffocate and die.
Symptoms: the sick turtle choked on water, with thick neck, weak limbs and light skin color. Serious and easy to die.
Treatment: When feeding semi-aquatic turtles daily, the water level should not exceed 2/3 of their carapace. For water turtles that can live in deep water, such as turtles, Brazilian colored turtles and four-eyed turtles, a climbable object should also be set in the water for turtles to rest and bask in their shells. The sick turtle should be fished out in time, with its head down, and its limbs should be gently squeezed into the body to make the turtle spit out the water in its stomach, and then the turtle should be placed in a damp place to recover slowly. For turtles who are still eating, some nutritional drugs can be mixed into the feed to help them recover, but turtles with serious illness are difficult to recover and have a high mortality rate.
Rotting nail disease
Reason: The damaged or overstocked crustaceans caused bacteria to invade the tortoise shells, which led to crustaceans festering.
Symptoms: The tortoise's carapace or navel begins to show white spots and gradually forms red spots. When you squeeze hard, the blood will come out, and it will smell rancid. Severe crustacean surface will fester into holes, and armpit and buttock fossa will swell. Sick turtles stop eating, reduce their activities and shrink their heads.
Treatment:
1. Take the sick turtle out of monoculture, then remove the rotten part of the sick turtle, scrub the affected part with hydrogen peroxide, and then directly apply it with potassium permanganate crystal powder, or apply it with other anti-inflammatory drugs, or apply notoginseng or fresh notoginseng to the affected part of the sick turtle.
Second, take out the rotten things, wipe them with a warm cloth and potassium permanganate, then dry them for ten minutes, and then let them grow in water (it is best to put some chlortetracycline on them). Third, cut off the bright skin outside the rotten nails, which is as soft as bean curd residue and stinks inside. Take out the rotten nails with sterilized tweezers and needles, rub them with alcohol, and finally apply erythromycin ointment and put them in a jar with only a little water (only enough to drink).
Pseudomonas aeruginosa septicemia
Etiology: The bacterium is widely distributed in water and soil.
Symptoms: no eating, vomiting, diarrhea, brown or yellow purulent stool.
Treatment: intramuscular injection of streptomycin once a day.
Scabies:
Cause: The pathogen is Aeromonas punctata subspecies, which is a good turtle carrier. Once infected, you will get sick.
Symptoms: there are one or several white scabies about the size of soybeans on the neck and limbs, and there are yellow and white bean curd residue-like contents squeezed by hand. Sick turtles can eat at first, and usually die in 2-3 weeks.
Treatment: isolate, completely squeeze out the focus, coat oxytetracycline powder with iodine, and then put the cotton ball (coated with oxytetracycline or chlortetracycline eye ointment) into the hole. If turtles are aquatic turtles, put them in shallow water, feed them and add antibiotics.
Prevention and treatment of hibernating death
Etiology: Soft-shelled turtle didn't get enough nutrition before hibernation, and the water temperature and temperature in its hibernation environment were too low, which made it difficult for soft-shelled turtle to endure for a long time. Or because the turtle didn't supplement enough nutrition before hibernation, the nutrients stored in the body could not meet its consumption during hibernation, which led to the turtle's death.
Symptoms: During or after hibernation, the sick turtle dies motionless.
Treatment: When the temperature is high in summer and autumn, the feeding amount of soft-shelled turtle should be increased, and some nutrients and antibiotics, such as vitamin D3 and oxytetracycline, should be supplemented to ensure regular, quantitative and qualitative feeding to ensure that soft-shelled turtle has enough nutrients to resist the cold. Before hibernation, you should carefully check the turtle's health. Soft-shelled turtles and sick soft-shelled turtles that are thin and light in touch and float in the water for a long time should be raised by heating, that is, the environmental temperature should be kept above 24℃ to prevent them from hibernating. For hibernating turtles, the water temperature should also be kept above 5C, and it is best to warm the young turtles weighing less than 50g to avoid death.
Proteus disease of turtle
Cause: parasitic bacteria
Symptoms: There is a large amount of white transparent foamy mucus in the nostrils and mouth in the early stage, and yellow viscous liquid flows out in the later stage. The glans penis often sticks out of the body, does not eat, and crawls uneasily.
Treatment: isolation, intramuscular injection of chloramphenicol or kanamycin or streptomycin, daily 1 time for 3 days.
Trauma:
Etiology: In the daily feeding management process, the feeding density is too high, and turtles compete for food, territory or spouse, resulting in mutual biting and trauma.
Symptoms: The main obvious features of the sick turtle are: obvious trauma to the head, neck, limbs, tail or carapace, skin erosion, whitening, tissue necrosis, serious pus outflow, accompanied by rancid smell.
Treatment:
First, if a turtle with trauma is found, it should be fished out in time. Clean the wound and remove necrotic tissue until fresh muscle is exposed. Then rinse the wound with hydrogen peroxide or light potassium permanganate solution, apply chlortetracycline eye ointment or other antibiotic powder, and rest in a damp place. Never put it back into the water to prevent the wound from getting worse. In severe cases, the wound can be sutured, and the sick turtle can be fed or injected with antibiotics, such as chloramphenicol, erythromycin and penicillin. And feed some nutritional drugs to speed up its recovery.
Second, stop bleeding first, apply gauze and Yunnan Baiyao, and clean the affected area with 93% hydrogen peroxide and 0.5% potassium permanganate.
Nutritional bone diseases, rickets or rickets
Etiology: lack of vitamins and calcium, lack of sunbathing and liver or kidney diseases. Young turtles and young turtles are prone to this disease.
Symptoms: The sick turtle moves and eats normally. But if you hold the turtle in your hand, you can feel that the shell of the sick turtle is very soft and the joints of the limbs are very thick. A seriously ill tortoise lost its fingers and toes and its carapace was irregularly deformed.
Treatment:
First, in the daily feeding management, it is necessary to ensure sufficient sunshine (except crocodiles). For turtles who have the habit of drying their shells, climbing objects should be set in the feeding container for drying their shells. Appropriate amount of calcium powder, cod liver oil and some nutritional drugs such as jinshikang should be added to the daily feed. Young turtles and young turtles should regularly feed some live shrimps (with shells). In addition, attention should be paid to the collocation of animal bait and plant bait, and some green leafy vegetables can be properly fed. There is no way to recover the seriously ill turtle, which has caused abnormal shell and lost its normal ornamental value, but some businessmen will find it strange and sell it at a high price for profiteering.
Second, supplement the soft-shelled turtle with vitamin D and calcium, modify the diet, eat more omnivores and get more sunshine; Severe intramuscular injection of 10% calcium gluconate (1ml/kg).
stomatitis
Etiology: oral epidermis injury or ulcer caused by ingestion of sharp foreign bodies or lack of vitamin C.
Symptoms: oral ulcer, white necrotizing inflammation on the epidermis, purulent secretion in severe cases, and turtle stopped eating.
Treatment: wrap tweezers with sterile cotton wool, remove pus, and scrub the mouth with refenonu solution. Spray watermelon frost on the affected area once a day 1 time. Human antibiotics were mixed in the bait and fed continuously for 3 days.
esophagitis
Etiology: some of the captured aquatic turtles have hooks in their mouths; In daily feeding, when feeding bait such as small fish and shrimp, the hard spines are not removed, which leads to esophageal injury of soft-shelled turtle.
Symptoms: the tortoise stopped eating, the esophageal mucosa was damaged, and there was a strange smell in his mouth.
Treatment: Treatment requires two people. Put the turtle upright, open the turtle mouth with a hard object, put a wooden stick in the turtle mouth to separate the upper and lower jaws, put tweezers in the esophagus, clamp the steel hook and pull it down hard. Withdraw the barb from the meat, and then take out the steel hook along the esophagus. Wash the wound with 0.3% potassium permanganate solution and apply antibiotic powder to the affected area. Turtles should not be placed in deep water to avoid wound infection.
Esophageal injury
Cause: There is a fishhook in the esophagus of the wild turtle caught outside. In daily feeding, large fishbones or shrimp heads and skins can also stab turtles' esophagus and cause diseases.
Symptoms: The activity of the sick turtle is reduced, so stop eating. Breaking the upper and lower jaws has a strong odor, and occasionally blood will flow out of the mouth when it is serious. Some sick turtles with fishhooks in their esophagus can find the cut fishing line in their mouths by breaking their jaws.
Treatment: The sick turtle should be treated in time, the glans of the turtle should be erected upwards, and ways should be found to make the turtle open, break its upper and lower jaws, and open it with hard objects to avoid closure. Then slowly put a tweezers spoon into the esophagus of the sick turtle to find the residual hook. After finding it, clamp it hard with tweezers and slowly pull it down to make the hook separate from the esophageal wall. Never pull up forcibly, lest the wound expand and cause infection or other diseases. After taking out the hook, feed or inject some antibiotics to the sick turtle, and rest in a damp place, not in water to avoid wound infection. For sick turtles with oral trauma, sharp objects should be removed first, then the wound should be cleaned and disinfected with weak potassium permanganate solution, and then some antibiotics should be applied to the wound. In daily finishing, sharp bones and big spines should be carefully removed before feeding bait, especially when feeding fresh river shrimp, the sharp spines in the front of its head should be removed first.
Rectal infarction
Etiology: This disease occurs in spring and autumn, mainly because the temperature difference of turtle's environment changes too fast and too big, especially within six hours after eating, which makes turtle's body temperature drop rapidly and its physiological function drop, so it can't be digested and excreted normally. The feces piled up in the body and hardened, which led to the rupture of the rectum and eventually led to the death of the turtle.
Symptoms: the sick turtle moves little or does not move, stops eating, the tail base is thicker than normal, the limbs are slightly swollen, and the eyes are dull. When the posterior nail is inverted, it can't move for a long time or turn back on its own, and no feces are discharged.
Treatment: The disease should be mainly prevented. The feeding of turtles should be stopped a few days before hibernation. Before hibernation, the turtles should be put into water of about 30C, and the water level should be soaked for 20 minutes to let the turtles excrete feces. After that, let it go into hibernation naturally. In the early stage of turtle disease, the turtle can be soaked in water of about 35C for 20 minutes to see if there is feces discharged. If not, you can slowly squeeze the limbs and head of the turtle into the shell with your hands to help it excrete, or you can directly drop dew or warm soapy water into the rectum of the sick turtle, then soak it in warm water for a period of time (about 20 minutes), and then squeeze it to help it excrete. This method is ineffective for seriously ill turtles, and the mortality rate is extremely high.
Prescription for treating leukoplakia on back
Treatment: apply osmanthus liquid, bask in the sun, protect food and purify water. It will get better gradually.
Other diseases
Symptoms: the eyes are swollen, usually closed, and white things may flow out.
Cause: bacterial infection, usually caused by water quality, may also be caused by incorrect temperature.
Treatment: Apply antibiotics, insoluble ointment and pay attention to hygiene.
Symptoms: white spots on the body and fluffy skin, which can be rubbed and infected.
Reason: The water quality is either high temperature or low temperature or low temperature for a long time.
Treatment: Diluted potassium permanganate soaking has a good effect, but turtle skin will turn purple until molting. Salt water bubble, low effect, plays a disinfection role. Gentamicin with blisters. It is suggested to disinfect with salt solution, soak in gentamicin twice a day and dry in the sun.
Symptoms: There is metallic necrotic tongue coating in the mouth. May refuse to eat, or even have swollen eyes.
Cause: Bacterial infection is contagious.
Treatment: isolation. The environment urgently needs investigation and improvement. In addition to applying iodine several times a day, necrotic tissue should be removed. There are also effective antibiotics to treat negative gram-negative bacteria.
Symptoms: The tortoise is sleepy, with its head held high, its front and rear legs weak, and its nose and mouth will gasp.
Cause: Severe respiratory infection, possibly pneumonia.
Treatment: Find a veterinarian to inject antibiotics immediately. Don't take it orally, only by injection.
Symptoms: the crustacean and carapace are soft, even bloodshot, which may smell bad, and the affected area expands rapidly.
Cause: It may be bacterial infection caused by trauma (heater scald) or Gram-negative bacteria.
Treatment: clean the necrotic area with iodine, remove it, then isolate it and apply antibiotics.
Symptoms: weakness, weakness, red spots on the nails of limbs or abdomen.
Cause: Sepsis, your water quality is not only stagnant but also seriously polluted. Liver-machine dysfunction
Treatment: Before treatment, a blood test was conducted at the veterinarian, and then antibiotics were injected.
Commonly used drugs
Note: Do not use two (or more) drugs at the same time, but saline can be used with antibiotics.
1, potassium permanganate: also known as potassium permanganate and potassium permanganate ash. It is a deep purple crystal, which is easily soluble in water. When it meets organic matter, it will release oxygen, which will oxidize the organic matter and then play a role in sterilization. Low-concentration potassium permanganate solution has astringent effect, which can be used to disinfect turtle bodies in turtle tanks, ponds or newly purchased turtles, and has a certain effect on treating trauma.
2, salt: also known as refined white salt, sodium oxide, pure white, soluble in water, with disinfection and sterilization. Iodized salt is better. Be careful not to use coarse salt, because there are too many impurities, which is not conducive to the health of turtles.
3. Bleaching powder: also known as chlorine lime, it is a mixture of calcium hypochlorite, calcium hydroxide and calcium oxide. It is grayish white or white dry powder, which can be used for disinfection of turtle tanks and ponds, but it cannot directly soak turtle bodies.
4. Chlortetracycline eye ointment: Erythromycin or chloramphenicol eye ointment can also be used. It is a light yellow paste, which is mainly used to treat turtle eye diseases and minor injuries.
5. Purple liquid: alkaline, purple liquid, used for superficial wounds of turtles and minor injuries of carapace.
6. Antibiotics: also known as antibiotics, are substances produced by microorganisms in the process of growth and reproduction that can kill or inhibit other pathogenic microorganisms. Chloramphenicol, oxytetracycline, chlortetracycline and other tablets and injections. There should be inventory to use in different situations. It is forbidden to use a single antibiotic for a long time in the process of use, and it should be used alternately to avoid the turtle's drug resistance and weaken its efficacy.
7. Vitamin C: Vitamins can participate in various metabolic processes of turtles, reduce the fragility of capillaries and increase the body's resistance, which can be used as an auxiliary medicine for turtles when they are sick.
8. Jinshi Erkang: It is a vitamin and trace element medicine, which contains a variety of nutrients. Soft-shelled turtles that can be used for breeding for a long time are fed regularly and quantitatively. It can be used as a nutritional medicine for weak soft-shelled turtle.
9. Insect repellent: There may be parasites in soft-shelled turtles that are often fed fresh feed and newly bought wild soft-shelled turtles. Insect repellent can be fed regularly to ensure the healthy growth of turtles.
10, Furacillin: Also known as Furacillin, it is lemon yellow crystalline powder, slightly soluble in water, mainly used to treat gastrointestinal diseases such as enteritis of soft-shelled turtle, and can also be used for prevention.
1 1, Kaisailu: a kind of lubricating laxative, transparent and colorless oily liquid, which is mainly used for intestinal secret knot and can be used to treat turtle intestinal obstruction.
12. Multi-enzyme tablets: digestive AIDS. It is light yellow granular solid, mainly used for digestive dysfunction caused by some diseases and dyspepsia caused by pepsin deficiency. Can be used for treating dyspepsia and gastrointestinal discomfort of soft-shelled turtle.
13, watermelon frost: This medicine has the functions of clearing away heat and toxic materials, diminishing inflammation and relieving pain. It is a khaki powdery solid, which is mainly used to treat diseases.