Jaw is divided into maxilla and mandible. The bones and muscles that make up the upper and lower parts of the mouth are called maxilla and mandible.
Extended data
After jaw fracture, it is mainly reduction and fixation. The important sign of jaw fracture reduction is to restore the normal occlusal relationship between maxillary and mandibular teeth, that is, the extensive contact relationship between teeth. Otherwise it will affect the recovery of masticatory function after fracture healing. There are three common reset methods:
1. Manual reduction: In the early stage of jaw fracture, the fracture segment is relatively active, and the displaced fracture segment can be restored to its normal position by hand.
2. Traction reduction: After jaw fracture, after a long time, some fibrous tissues at the fracture site have healed, and manual reduction is unsuccessful, so traction reduction can be used. Intermaxillary traction is often used for mandibular fracture, that is, segmental dental arch splint is placed on the displaced fracture segment of mandible, and then elastic traction is carried out between it and maxillary dental arch splint with a small rubber band, and the normal occlusal relationship is gradually restored.
After maxillary fracture, if the fracture segment moves backward, dental arch splint can be placed on the maxillary dentition, plaster cap with metal bracket can be made on the head, and elastic traction can be carried out between the dental arch splint and the metal bracket to restore the maxillary fracture segment forward. When large traction is needed, horizontal gravity traction can also be used.
3. Open reduction: wide indications. When the fracture segment has been displaced for a long time, there is fiber healing or bone dislocation healing, and neither manipulation nor traction can reduce it, surgical open reduction should be performed. It is difficult to manually reduce or unstable fresh or open fractures after reduction, and surgical open reduction is generally adopted.
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