The technical regulations of jujube cultivation are summarized as follows: 1. Variety Selection According to the good geographical communication and biological characteristics of jujube varieties planted in Ruoqiang County, Ruoqiang County mainly develops dry varieties, supplemented by fresh food varieties, so the dry varieties mainly choose the following varieties: Huizao and Zanhuang Jujube, and the varieties suitable for coarse fresh food mainly include Lizao, Dongzao and Xuezao. Jujube, as a dried fruit variety, has excellent fruit characters and high drying rate in our county, so jujube is mainly used as the local main planting variety, followed by winter jujube as the local anti-season fresh food variety. 2. The requirements for selecting jujube trees in the garden are not strict. Generally, it can be planted on flat land. The sandy loam with good water permeability is a plot with convenient irrigation and drainage conditions. It is heavy clay with poor air permeability, so jujube trees are not suitable for planting. The planting density of jujube trees in our county is 4× 1.35M, that is, the plant spacing is 1.35M, and the row spacing is 4 m, so the jujube trees should be planted in ditches. Ditching is easy to adjust the water consumption of jujube trees, improve the survival rate of jujube trees, and is also easy to manage. Ditching mainly takes the north-south direction as the best way, which can provide more sufficient light time for jujube trees and is beneficial to their survival and overwintering. Jujube custom-made holes, it is necessary to dig big holes and apply sufficient base fertilizer, and the survival rate of cultivation is high when it just germinates in spring. Water sowing and plastic film mulching are more conducive to the survival of seedlings. 3. Management of jujube trees 3. 1 In order to prevent weeds and jujube trees from getting water and nutrients, in the growing season, it is necessary to loosen the soil in time to weed jujube ditches, improve soil aggregate structure, improve soil permeability and promote seedling growth. 3. 1.2 Tree-making disk. At the end of autumn, in the planting belt or around the tree 1-3M, base fertilizer should be fully applied and the soil should be turned deep, which is shallow near the trunk and deep in the periphery, with a depth of 1-5cm, which can thicken the living soil, improve the soil and eliminate the underground wintering pests. 3.2. 1 water for accelerating germination: Before germination in early spring, water should be applied together with topdressing to promote germination and accelerate the growth of branches, leaves and roots. 3.2.2 Pre-flowering water: in the early and full flowering period of jujube trees (around the middle and late May). Because of the high temperature and drought, the phenomenon of "scorching flowers" is caused and the fruit setting rate is reduced, so it is necessary to combine topdressing with watering before flowering. 3.2.3 Fruit protection water: from mid-June to late July, young fruits wilt, and should be watered twice during this period. 3.2.4 Fruit-promoting water: the fruit expansion period is from late July to August. Irrigation in this period can promote fruit expansion, which is of great significance to improve yield and fruit quality. Topdressing should be done while watering. 3.2.5 Frozen water: Water the soil once before freezing to enhance the drought resistance of jujube trees, which is beneficial to overwintering. 10 It is better to water winter water in our county around June 20th. 3.3. 1 basal fertilizer application: the last basal fertilizer application from the end of 10 to the middle of10 is very important for the fruit and growth of the tree in the second year. Young trees usually adopt the method of annular furrow application, that is, an annual annular furrow with a depth of about 40cm and a width of about 40 cm is dug around the crown. 4-8-year-old jujube trees are applied with farm manure of 20-50 kg, 65438+ calcium superphosphate of 0-2 kg and urea of 0.2-0.5 kg every year, which are mixed and put into ditches to cover the soil; For jujube trees over 8 years old, the radial ditching method is usually adopted, that is, 4-6 radial ditches are dug with the trunk as the center, that is, 50 cm, the length reaches about 1M around the crown, the width is 40 cm, and the depth is 20-40 cm, and they are watered near one end of the tree, and each plant is applied with 50- 100 kg of farm manure and urea. 3.3.2 Topdressing: The common topdressing is quick-acting fertilizer, with nitrogen fertilizer as the main fertilizer in the early stage and phosphorus and potassium fertilizer as the main fertilizer in the later stage. Young trees planted for 1-3 years can be properly topdressing with seedling fertilizer, and topdressing with urea100-500g or diammonium150-200g per plant in early June every year. A large number of fruitful jujube trees are topdressing 2-3 times a year, the first time is from mid-late April to mid-May. Apply urea 100-200g to each fruit tree in 4-8 years, and urea 1kg to fruit trees above 10. For the second time, after flowering, that is, from early June to early July, urea or diammonium 150-300g or NPK compound fertilizer 200-400 g is applied to fruit trees for 4-8 years; For fruit trees over 10 years old, urea 1 kg and potassium sulfate 1.5-2 kg should be applied to each tree. The third topdressing time was from mid-July to early August, and 0.5 kg diammonium phosphate was applied to the early auxiliary seedlings with poor soil fertility. 4. Measures to protect flowers and promote fruit 4. 1. Picking young trees: picking new jujube heads, secondary branches and dates at the beginning of May to inhibit the excessive growth of jujube heads. The centralized nutrient supply of flowering and fruiting can obviously improve the fruit setting rate of jujube trees. 3.4.2 Water spraying at flowering stage: The air humidity required for jujube pollen germination is above 80%, and the germination rate is obviously reduced when it is lower than 60%. Therefore, spraying clear water with a sprayer at flowering stage can improve the air humidity and the fruit setting rate of jujube trees. Water spraying should be carried out before and after the full flowering period, and the effect will be better after 6 pm. Water should be sprayed 3-5 times during flowering, with an interval of 1-3 days. 3.4.3 Fertilizer spraying at flowering stage: Combined with water spraying at flowering stage, spraying 0.3% urea or 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate on leaves can also significantly improve the fruit setting rate of jujube trees, and spraying wine 2-3 times at flowering stage with an interval of 5-7 days each time. 3.4.4 Jujube Orchard Flowering: Bees are the main pollination media of jujube trees. Generally, releasing bees at flowering stage can increase the seed setting rate by more than 1 times. When releasing bees, the beehives should be evenly placed in the center of the jujube garden, and the beehives should be within 300 meters. 3.4.5 Spraying plant growth regulators and trace elements: spraying 10× 10-6 hematoxylin twice at the full flowering stage and the end of flowering stage, with an interval of 3-5 days each time, can significantly improve the fruit setting rate, and spraying 0.3% borax solution at the full flowering stage can also significantly improve the fruit setting rate of jujube trees. 5. Pruning jujube trees is dry. Jujube varieties have obvious stratification, and most of them use trunk thinning. The shaping process of young trees is: the first three years are the extension period of main branches, and 4-5 years are the cultivation period of 1 and 2 layers of main branches. Selecting three primary branches about 80- 120cm away from the ground as the first layer main branches, and selecting 2-6 branches about 80cm away from the first layer main branches as the second layer main branches; The main branches of the first and second layers leave four short nodes from the base to promote the germination of developing branches. In the growing period, all developing branches except the main branch are topped to control their growth. The spacing between layers should be as small as 60cm, and attention should be paid to the cultivation of lateral branches. In order to maintain the vitality of jujube trees in full fruit period, the following two aspects should be paid attention to when pruning: first, thinning the branches, keeping the trees ventilated and transparent, and preventing the inner chamber from being closed; The second is retraction. When the crown height exceeds the plastic requirements, the trunk and main branches should be retracted as soon as possible to prevent the upper part from being strong and the lower part from being weak, so as to promote the resulting parts to move outward. 6. Pests and diseases Prevention and control of jujube pests and diseases should adhere to the principle of "prevention first, comprehensive management" and advocate the combination of artificial control, physical control, biological control and chemical control. During the sleep period, the old bark on the branches was scraped off by pruning and pruning in winter, and concentrated burning was carried out to eliminate the overwintering bacteria. Spraying 5 Baume lime-sulfur mixture before germination (late March-early April) to kill overwintering bacteria. From mid-June to mid-August, you can use 40% fast-killing EC with 1000 times or 40% fast-killing EC with 1000 times, and you can also add 2000 times of pyrethroid pesticides, which can control both scale insects and red spiders. Spraying 1 time lime and double Bordeaux mixture in late July can prevent jujube rust.