Asparagus originated in South Africa and is now cultivated all over the world. Its nature likes warm, humid, semi-cloudy environment, does not tolerate cold and drought, and avoids direct sunlight. Suitable for sandy loam with good drainage and rich humus. The optimum growth temperature is 15-25℃, and the overwintering temperature is 5℃.

Plastic stage design method

With the improvement of living standards, people's taste in living environment is getting higher and higher. Because Gracilaria lemaneiformis leaves are beautiful and generous, potted plants are often placed on bookshelves, desks and coffee tables to beautify the room. However, due to its rapid growth, its small and beautiful appearance often cannot last long, and it must be remolded. Now the plastic methods are introduced as follows:

1, pot control method: the size ratio of flowerpot to plant should be 1: 3, which can limit the growth of root system and keep the plant size unchanged.

2. Remove the growing point: When the new bud grows to 2-3 cm, remove the growing point, which can promote the regeneration of branches and leaves on the stem, control them not to grow vines, and make the branches and leaves flat and the plant shape full.

3. Using the phototaxis of asparagus: rotating the direction of flowerpot in time can correct the growth shape of branches and leaves and keep the plant type unchanged.

4. Object shading method: that is, press the branches and leaves with cardboard or shade the sun, so that when the branches and leaves grow, they will rotate or bend to shade when they meet objects, thus achieving the purpose of modeling.

5. Comprehensive application of several modeling methods:

(1) Tower: Choose 2-3 tall, straight and beautiful stems as the main peak, remove all the growing points on the stems, and set the height to 30-35 cm. The remaining branches and new stems should not be higher than the main peak. For new shoots, the growing point can be determined according to the thickness of their stems. If its stem is thicker than the main peak, it should be picked; If it is thinner than the main peak, there is no need to pick it and let it grow. At the same time, it is necessary to constantly adjust the plant morphology by using the object occlusion method and its own phototaxis.

(2) Double-clump type: plant two asparagus plants, one high and one low, with a height of about 30 cm and a minimum of about 18 cm, and then shape them into tower asparagus in the growth process.

(3) Natural style: The natural growth of asparagus is the main plant type, and the basic methods such as picking growing points, covering things and using its phototaxis are still used to stretch the branches and leaves, giving people a natural aesthetic feeling.

It should be noted that the shaping of asparagus must be combined with fertilizer control and water control. That is, when the room temperature is 15- 18℃, water it once a week to keep the soil moist (it is advisable to press it with your fingers). Not fertilized or less fertilized.

breeding method

Asparagus can be planted and divided into plants. From February 65438 to April of the following year, the seeds matured and the ripe berries were purple. When the fruit changes color, harvest the seeds in time, remove the seed coat, dry the seeds, then sow them on the substrate mixed with the same amount of river sand and humus soil, cover them with soil (not too thick), water them and keep them moist. It can germinate in about one month at the temperature of 20-30℃. When the height of seedlings exceeds 5 cm, they can be transplanted into small pots. -3-5-year-old plants grow densely and can be propagated by ramets. Generally, ramets are divided in spring. Divide the clustered stems and roots into 2-3 clusters with a sharp knife, so that each cluster contains 3-5 buds, and then plant them in pots respectively. When dividing plants, damage the root system as little as possible, and pay attention to moisturizing and shading after dividing plants.

1. Asparagus berries mature in winter after sowing and propagation. When the berries turn purple-black, they can be harvested. After picking berries, wipe off the exocarp and take out the seeds. After washing, you can sow. If the room temperature is lower than 15C, do not sow until spring is warm. During this period, sand storage and sowing should be carried out, mainly indoor potted plants. Generally, seeds should be planted in shallow pots with a spacing of 2 cm, and the soil should not be covered too deeply. After soaking in water, cover it with glass or film to reduce water evaporation, keep the flowerpot moist, and place it in a sunny place. After sowing, the temperature is kept at about 20C, and it can germinate in 25-30 days, and it takes 30-40 days for15c-0/8c. When the seedlings grow to a height of 3 cm to 4 cm, they can be transplanted separately.

2. The propagation of ramets should be carried out when changing pots in spring, and the roots should be peeled off to avoid too many root injuries. According to the plant size, potted plants or ground plants should be selected. After planting, water it and put it in a semi-shady or shady place. Water should be properly controlled in the future, otherwise it will easily cause yellow leaves.

Cultivation management

Potted asparagus is usually mixed with 1 humus soil, 2 parts garden soil and 1 river sand as the base material, and a small amount of decomposed animal manure is added as the base fertilizer when planting. The key problem in its cultivation management is watering. Too much watering is easy to cause root rot and yellow leaves to fall off; If there is too little water, the soil in the basin is too dry, which will easily lead to yellowing of the tip and leaf falling off. Therefore, it is necessary to properly control the amount of watering at ordinary times, so that it will be transparent if it is not done, and the basin soil will always be wet. When the weather is hot, in addition to watering the basin soil, we should also often spray water on the leaves to improve the air humidity; After winter, the amount of watering can be reduced appropriately. Apply dilute liquid fertilizer 1-2 times a month during the growth period, and avoid applying thick fertilizer, otherwise the branches and leaves will turn yellow. In plant modeling, we can reduce the amount of fertilizer, avoid unnecessary growth and affect the beautiful modeling of plants, and at the same time pay attention to proper pruning and modeling. Suitable for growing in a semi-cool and ventilated environment, pay attention to proper shading, especially in summer and autumn to avoid direct sunlight and yellow leaves. It is best to cultivate in a place with a certain diffuse light indoors.

cultivation techniques

The key to asparagus management is watering. Too much watering, branches and leaves are easy to turn yellow, and the growth is not good, which is easy to cause rotten roots. The watering amount should be adjusted according to the plant growth and season. Water should be properly controlled in winter, spring and autumn. Generally speaking, the surface of basin soil is dry before watering. If the water quantity is difficult to master, it can also be done alternately. That is, after watering for 3 ~ 5 times, water 1 times the water permeability, keep the basin soil moist from top to bottom, and do not water much. Water in the morning and evening in summer, and the amount of water is slightly larger.

Potted soil should be watered only when it is dry. Irrigation should be sufficient during the growth period, but not too much, otherwise the roots will rot easily. It is necessary to grasp that water will quickly penetrate into the soil and there will be no water on the soil surface. Use less water after the end of autumn. Organic fertilizer can be applied every 20 days during the growth period, such as decomposed cake and fat water. Keep it indoors in a warmer place in winter.

Although asparagus doesn't like fertilization very much, it should be supplemented with nutrients when potted, especially when plants are ready to be planted. The fertilization of asparagus should be thin and diligent, and thick fertilizer should not be used. In the growing season, the decomposed organic liquid fertilizer is generally applied ~ times every 15 ~ 20 days. Asparagus likes slightly acidic soil. Therefore, combined with fertilization, some alum fertilizer water can be properly applied to improve the soil pH value.

Asparagus should be wintered indoors, and the room temperature should be kept at about 10C in winter, with sufficient sunlight, so it can be moved outdoors for maintenance after April next year.

Asparagus is planted in the ground, with lush foliage and rapid growth of new vines. It must be erected in time to facilitate ventilation and light transmission. Prune old vines with dead branches properly to promote the germination of new vines. Apply bone meal or calcium superphosphate again before flowering to improve the seed setting rate.

As a kind of cut-off asparagus, when harvesting, branches with length meeting the requirements of marketing are selected for cutting, and every 20 branches are bundled for marketing. Generally, the price in winter is more than 20% higher than that in summer and autumn.

1. Plant in spring or turn over pots to change soil. Use potted plants more. The fleshy fibrous roots have strict requirements on the soil during their growth. The culture soil with humus soil and a small amount of fine sand for potted plants requires good ventilation and drainage. Change the soil in the basin every year 1 time. When the root system is full of pots, replace the big pots. When changing pots, cut off the peripheral fibrous roots, remove part of the old pot soil and add new fertile soil. With the growth and height of plants, scaffolding should be inserted.

2. Asparagus should be kept warm indoors in winter, and the room temperature should be kept above 65438 00℃. Freezing injury is easy to occur below 5℃, and it can be wintered outdoors in the south. The optimum growth temperature is 15-25℃. When the temperature is 32℃, the growth will stop and the leaves will turn yellow. If the sun shines directly, it will not only cause the leaves to turn yellow, but also cause anxiety. Poor ventilation will not only leave many leaves, but also fail to bear fruit. Therefore, asparagus should be displayed indoors or under a shade shed, but it should not be shaded for a long time and should be placed in a bright place indoors. In late autumn and winter, it should be placed near the south window, where you can see more sunshine.

3. Water and fertilizer asparagus should be fully watered during the growth period, and the pot soil should be moist frequently, but it should not be watered too much or accumulated water, otherwise it will rot and fall off leaves, reducing the ornamental value. Use less water after autumn. During the growing period, apply 1-2 thin fertilizers containing ammonia and phosphorus every month to promote the flourishing of leaves, and other liquid fertilizers can also be used. It should be noted that fertilization should not be excessive during flowering, and liquid fertilizer should be applied twice in May-June and September-10 respectively. The watering amount should be flexibly controlled according to the plant size, and the principle of seeing dry and seeing wet should be followed. When the branches of plants are long, they should be tied in time and trimmed properly to keep the plants neat and beautiful.

Maintenance precautions

First, prevent the sun from being too strong and keep it in a semi-shady place. Although asparagus likes warmth, its tip is easy to wither under strong light.

The second is to prevent watering too much or too little. Although asparagus likes to be wet, it should not be too wet. If the basin soil is too wet and the drainage is not smooth, the roots will rot. Too little or no watering will cause the leaves to fall off because of the large evaporation and small absorption of asparagus.

The third is to prevent the pollution of harmful gases. Asparagus likes a clean and ventilated environment. If it is stimulated by harmful gases such as smoke, gas and pesticides, its leaves will turn yellow, curl and even die.

Dwarfing method

The stem of asparagus is climbing. If it is allowed to grow, it will lose its lightness if it can reach several meters high. Measures to shorten asparagus are:

1. For seedlings, it is not allowed to apply more fertilizer in spring and summer when they grow vigorously, but only once a month. The amount of fertilization should not be too large, and the principle of light should be mastered. For old plants, it is best to apply little or no chemical fertilizer, just use the opportunity of changing pots to fill the bottom of pots with fresh soil or apply a little fertilizer. In this way, both young and old plants can maintain a stable growth potential.

2. Pay attention to frequent pruning. Asparagus grows fast, so it is necessary to trim the old branches and dry stems at any time and keep the posture of low bottom. At the same time, cut off the trailing branches in time to keep them tall, beautiful and lush and green.

3. Selection of dwarf asparagus varieties. Short asparagus stems have no tendrils and can be kept small and exquisite.

4. Using chemical dwarfing method. When the new seedlings grow to the height of 100cm, spraying paclobutrazol diluted by 1000 times can effectively control their growth height and increase their ornamental value and time.

5。 When asparagus reaches the seedling stage, it can also be sprayed on the leaves with a proper amount of chlormequat or Sanxi, which also has a good ornamental effect.

control of insect

Asparagus is a perennial green herbaceous flower, which is called yunzhu, Songshan grass and Yunzhushan grass in some places. Although asparagus has the characteristics of evergreen for many years, if it is not properly maintained, it will often appear the symptoms of yellowing of branches and leaves, which will affect the ornamental effect.

Why do bamboo leaves produce symptoms of yellowing? According to the author's practice of preserving asparagus, there are probably the following reasons: First, if asparagus is left by the fire for a long time, not only will the whole branches and leaves turn yellow and fall off, but the stems will also dry up. Second, asparagus will gradually dry up when it is placed next to the TV. Third, exposed to strong light for a long time, plants first stagnate, and then their leaves turn yellow. Fourth, neglect watering, or only watering the surface pot soil, the roots did not absorb enough water, and the stems and leaves slowly turned yellow. Fifth, excessive watering leads to root rot, and then stems and leaves wither. Sixth, improper fertilization, high concentration or immature fertilizer application will easily dry up when using the seedling burning machine, and will also lose fertilizer and turn yellow if it is not topdressing for a long time. Seventh, plants will grow weak and turn yellow if they are placed in a cool environment for a long time. Eight is suffering from freezing injury, which leads to yellowing of branches and leaves.

In order to keep asparagus fresh and beautiful, the following measures should be taken to prevent the stems and leaves from turning yellow:

First, adjust the fertilizer and water. During the growth of asparagus, there is no need to apply fertilizer too frequently. Generally, it is only suitable for topdressing in spring and autumn, and dilute decomposed manure or low-concentration compound fertilizer solution, or rice washing water and bean juice water are applied every 18 ~ 15 days. High temperature in summer and low temperature in winter are not suitable for fertilization. Fertilization should be controlled not too much or too late. Water without watering. When it is dry, water it thoroughly at one time, and don't leave waterlogging on the basin surface. The dust on the leaf surface should be sprinkled regularly for dust removal.

Second, proper placement. Asparagus likes semi-cloudy, semi-sunny and slightly wet environments. First, avoid exposure to the sun, but where you can see the sun; Second, you should be able to feel the air circulation; Third, stay away from stoves and televisions; Fourth, keep warm, and the room temperature should not be lower than 5℃. If the room temperature is between 0℃ and 4℃, cover it with plastic to keep out the cold.

Third, plastic surgery in time. Asparagus tends to clump. First, when changing pots and covering soil, it is necessary to trim old and residual fibrous roots and redundant stems and leaves to avoid excessive consumption of nutrients, so as to support roots and protect leaves; The second is to cut off the partially yellow leaves; The third is to cut off the stems and leaves that are yellow at the same time.