1. The scientific name of computer is electronic computer, which developed from the early electronic calculator. 1946, the first electronic digital computer "ENIAC" appeared in the world, which was used to calculate the trajectory. It is made by Moore Institute of Electrical Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, USA, but it is huge, covering an area of 170 square meters and weighing about 30 tons. It consumes nearly 100 kilowatts of electricity. Obviously, this kind of computer is expensive and inconvenient to use. 1956, the transistor electronic computer was born, which is the second generation electronic computer. Only a few larger cabinets can be installed, and the operation speed is greatly improved. 1959, the third generation integrated circuit computer appeared.
The original computer was invented by john von neumann (at that time, the computing power of the computer was equivalent to the current calculator), which was as big as three warehouses, and then gradually developed.
This is the latest stage of computer development since 1970s. By 1976, "Cray I" made of large-scale integrated circuits and very large-scale integrated circuits made computers enter the fourth generation. With the invention of VLSI, electronic computers are constantly updated in the direction of miniaturization, miniaturization, low power consumption, intelligence and systematization.
In the 1990s, computers developed in the direction of intelligence, which made them similar to human brains, and could do thinking, learning, memorizing, network communication and so on.
2 1 century, computers are more notebook, miniaturized and specialized, and the operation speed exceeds 1 100 million times per second. It is not only easy to operate and cheap, but also can replace part of people's mental work and even expand people's intelligence in some aspects. Therefore, today's microelectronic computers are vividly called computers.
The first personal computer in the world was launched by IBM in 19 1 year.
2. The appearance of nanotechnology has expanded a broad space for energy conservation and environmental protection, which is undoubtedly a revolution of new technologies. The application of nanotechnology in the field of materials has the characteristics of no contact with water and oil. Anti-fog windshield and self-cleaning nano-cloth have been put into use one after another. The test in the test center shows that the product transforms critical friction into rolling. Nano-fuel additive developed by Professor Li, a doctor studying in Peking University, was industrialized three years ago. The product is characterized by adding nano-water particles treated by liquid phase nano-assembly technology, which changes the combustion process of fuel with brand-new physical action. After the large-scale use of one million tons of fuel, the fuel saving rate reaches 10-20%. The second generation product ——Bonus nano fuel additive introduced by Beijing Bonnasse Science and Technology Co., Ltd. has been tested by Energy Utilization Testing Center of Automobile Transportation Industry of Ministry of Communications, Oil Field Energy Conservation Monitoring Center of China Petroleum and Natural Gas Group, Environmental Science Research Institute of State Environmental Protection Administration and Environmental Protection Monitoring Center of Beijing Environmental Protection Bureau. This product can greatly save energy and reduce the emission of harmful substances in tail gas, especially nitrogen oxides, which has become the focus of environmental protection. In addition, the company recently introduced nano lubricating oil additives, which passed the bench test of China People's Liberation Army Military Transportation College and the inspection of China People's Liberation Army oil and oil equipment to reduce wear. With the increase of cylinder pressure and power, it is energy-saving and environment-friendly. The adoption rate of The Answer to Forgetting the Crescent Moon15.7%: 2009-12-1512: 04 reported the results of the second annual selection of great inventions by Popular Science magazine 10. From the perspective of novel appearance and environmental protection, from the self-made cancer therapeutic instrument to the more flexible artificial foot, from the mine positioning life-saving system to the durable bridge design, all the wonderful ideas selected this year revolve around the same theme, that is, energy shortage, frequent disasters, diseases bothering human beings and the world needs help. The American magazine Popular Science selected the top ten inventions in 2009. Including plastic surgery will not pollute the water quality bait, heat insulation and fire-proof mushroom wallboard, the world's fastest tank, shock absorbers powered by cars, "robot legs" to help paraplegic patients walk again, and new catheters to make nurses no longer worry about finding veins.