The female prostate, like the male prostate, is prone to hyperplasia or infection, leading to dysuria. The difference is that due to the anatomical characteristics of female lower urinary tract (short urethra), there are more chances of gland infection, which often leads to infection and even dysuria in young girls. After the onset, the chronic infection of gland causes its structure to be destroyed, shrunk and fibrosed, further involving urethra and bladder neck, leading to fiber contraction, resulting in bladder outlet stenosis, obstruction and dysuria. This is a major manifestation of "female prostate disease". It is easy to be complicated with senile urethritis, chronic urethritis and urethral caruncle, and it can also be complicated with senile vaginitis, cervicitis, trichomonas vaginalis and vaginal fungal infection.
Another manifestation of prostate disease in women is "prostatic hyperplasia" (or prostatic hypertrophy) like that in elderly men. According to statistics, about 1/4 middle-aged and elderly women suffer from "female prostatic hyperplasia". When middle-aged and elderly women have symptoms such as dysuria, nocturia, urinary incontinence, drops of urine, incomplete flow, etc., they should go to the hospital in time to see if they have "female prostate disease".
2. menopausal women should not ignore calcium supplementation. Osteoporosis is one of the common diseases of middle-aged and elderly people, and the incidence rate of women is 3 ~ 4 times higher than that of men. This is because women lose the most bone (mainly calcium) in the first 10 year after menopause. Because of the loss of a lot of calcium, the bones of elderly women are easy to become brittle, and it is easy to break when walking carelessly. In recent years, relevant statistics show that the osteoporosis rate of middle-aged and elderly people is 2 1% at the age of 50, 58% at the age of 60 and 90% at the age of 70-80. In addition, among the elderly over 60 who suffer from low back pain and leg pain, 5% of men suffer from osteoporosis, while 38% of women suffer from osteoporosis.
Therefore, menopausal women should prevent osteoporosis in time. In daily life, they should appropriately add some nutrients, especially calcium, protein and other nutrients, which can play a good preventive role in common osteoporosis. In addition, menopausal women should eat less vegetables containing oxalic acid when drinking milk, but should eat more calcium-rich non-staple foods such as shrimp, shrimp skin, bone meal and tofu.
3. Menopausal women should not ignore menstrual changes. With the increase of age, the ovarian function changes from instability to recession and imbalance. Often manifested as abnormal menstruation, menstrual cycle disorder, prolonged menstruation, premenopausal bleeding and so on. Usually from the decline of ovarian function to the cessation of menstruation, menstrual changes can be summarized into three types:
One is occasional menstruation. The menstrual cycle interval is longer, from normal 20-30 days to 2-3 months or longer, with 1 menstrual cycle. The menstrual flow can be normal or reduced, and the interval is gradually extended to 4 ~ 5 months or half a year later 1 time, and then it stops completely.
The second is menstrual cycle disorder. From normal menstrual cycle to irregular vaginal bleeding, sometimes the menstrual period is prolonged or becomes persistent vaginal bleeding, lasting for more than 1-2 months; A large amount of vaginal bleeding may also occur, and patients may have symptoms such as anemia, sallow complexion, general fatigue, palpitation, shortness of breath, etc. In severe cases, hemoglobin can be significantly reduced. Some have recurrent bleeding, and menstruation stops completely after 1 ~ 2 years. At this time, the doctor should do a detailed examination, first of all, exclude the bleeding caused by the tumor, and conduct a comprehensive examination or endometrial biopsy for women over 40 years old. After the tumor was excluded, it was treated as menopausal menstrual disorder. Menstrual cycle disorder before menopause is the most common. Some people observed 282 premenopausal women and found that 18 1 case had menstrual cycle disorder, accounting for 63.8%.
The third is sudden menopause. A few women used to have normal menstrual cycles and periods, but now they suddenly enter menopause; Some cycles are normal, only a few times the menstrual flow gradually decreases, and then menstruation suddenly stops. Some people observed 282 cases of natural menopausal women, and found 40 cases of sudden menopause, accounting for 14438+0%.
Another part of patients suffered from uterine bleeding after menopause for 2-4 weeks. Blood volume and duration are related to the duration and decline rate of estrogen action.
4. menopausal women should not ignore that beauty is human nature. Menopausal women should pay more attention to beauty, keep young appearance and give people a pleasant feeling. Besides appearance, mental state is also very important. Some women aged 50-60 are younger and more energetic than those aged 35-45, which is related to their personality, cultivation and health.
In order to keep the facial skin healthy, we should often do outdoor exercise, maintain a cheerful spirit, make the skin metabolize vigorously, fully supply protein and vitamins, and ensure the nutritional needs; Choose soap with low alkalinity and good quality to wash your face, and then apply a layer of cream to moisturize your skin and prevent dryness; Use the sporadic time after meals to insist on doing facial exercises; Avoid actions that may increase facial wrinkles, such as biting your lips, squeezing your mouth, squinting, frowning, etc. Clever makeup can also help keep skin soft and shiny, cover up freckles and wrinkles, and increase beauty and vitality. If necessary, you can consult a beautician and improve your makeup artist. Women in the entertainment circle can also choose a specialist for facial plastic surgery.
Menopausal women should also keep their skin clean and hygienic, and wash it with warm water, especially the wrinkled parts should be kept clean and dry; Close-fitting clothes should be soft and absorbent, and cotton fabrics should be suitable; Hair is also washed in Qin Ying. The hairstyle should be neat and dignified, and the gray hair can be dyed black. In addition, we should avoid strong sunlight, wind and sand blowing, too cold or too dry climate and other unfavorable factors, because they will accelerate skin aging. Vitamin e has anti-aging effect on skin, and it is very beneficial to take 100 ~ 200mg orally every day.
5. Menopausal women should not ignore physical activity. Menopausal women should choose sports content scientifically and reasonably. The so-called scientific and reasonable means to exercise according to the actual situation and health requirements of the body, and its purpose is to strengthen the body, rather than blindly bravado and damage the body. On the basis of physical examination, we should choose different sports according to our work nature, environmental conditions, time and solar terms. For example, if you are in good physical condition, you can choose some sports with large amount of exercise, such as running and martial arts. If you are in poor health, you can choose some sports with less exercise, such as walking and qigong. People who often work at their desks should do more exercises such as raising their heads, expanding their chests, stretching their backs and turning their legs; People who work or work in some special postures should focus on relaxing the muscles and joints in the tense parts; Try to exercise outdoors with outdoor exercise conditions, and arrange indoors without outdoor exercise conditions; In terms of solar terms, you can choose projects with a large amount of exercise in winter and projects with a small amount of exercise in summer. In short, no matter what kind of exercise you choose, you must do full-body exercise. Disco and Yangko, popular among middle-aged and elderly people in recent years, are more suitable for women.
Physical exercise should be gradual and persistent. After choosing an exercise plan, you should actively exercise. The movements should be from easy to difficult, from simple to complex, from weak to strong, from local to whole body, and gradually increase the amount of exercise, so as to achieve gradual progress. Once you start exercising, you should persevere, otherwise it will be harmful to your health.
Menopausal exercise should master the right amount of exercise. Too much exercise often leads to danger, especially when you start exercising. The appropriate amount of exercise is: the heart rate (heart rate) received during exercise is slightly higher than 120 minutes, and it returns to the basic level within 5 ~ 10 minutes after exercise; Lower your heart rate before getting up the next day after exercise. If it is not reduced, it means that the amount of exercise is small, and the amount of exercise can be increased appropriately. If it is not only a lot, but also more than 5 points, it means that the amount of exercise is too large, and the amount of exercise should be moderately reduced.
In addition, in order to keep fit, we should pay attention to the correct posture. "Sit like a bell, walk like the wind, stand like a pine, sleep like a bow" is a posture advocated since ancient times. Always pay attention to the correct posture, which can reduce the occurrence of hunchback and other deformities. In order to observe the effect, you can measure your weight and hip circumference, thigh circumference and waist circumference regularly. It will be very beneficial to join some sports organizations if there is an opportunity, because the influence of mutual competition will promote sports. 6. menopausal women should not use intrauterine contraceptive rings, and it is not recommended for menopausal women to use intrauterine devices. Because menopausal women tend to have menstrual disorders, intrauterine devices may lead to excessive menstrual flow or dripping due to chronic stimulation of endometrium, thus aggravating menstrual disorders in menopausal women. If the contraceptive effect has been very good since the IUD was placed in childbearing age, the menstrual changes after menopause are not significant, and there is no irregular vaginal bleeding, the IUD can be kept until after menopause 1 year. At this time, the uterus has not shrunk, so there should be no difficulty in taking out the IUD. If irregular vaginal bleeding occurs after menopause, the IUD should be removed as soon as possible and the symptoms should be observed. Further examination should be carried out when necessary to find out the cause of bleeding and treat it in time.
If the intrauterine device has not been taken out for many years after menopause, it should be taken out in time and not left in the uterus. If it is difficult to take out the IUD due to uterine atrophy, the doctor will give some estrogen first, take it for a few days, and then take it again, which can usually be taken out smoothly.
7. menopausal women should not ignore the adjustment of mentality. Middle-aged women should understand that the arrival of menopause is inevitable. Only by understanding the natural laws and basic knowledge of menopause can we treat some symptoms correctly and calmly. At the same time, we should also be aware of the changes in our social status and family life, make necessary adjustments to ourselves, eliminate worries, cultivate optimistic, cheerful and stable emotions, strengthen our beliefs and spend menopause happily.
Women who retire at home can arrange their lives reasonably and avoid being pessimistic and world-weary because they are too idle. You can carry out appropriate and beneficial social activities or housework, or take part in the work of some units, or raise the third generation for your children. You can also cultivate some hobbies to enrich your life.
Working women should properly master the workload and prevent overwork. Practice has proved that rational use of brain is not only harmless, but also can delay brain aging. At the same time, we should pay attention to regulation and rest, strengthen nutrition, and supplement the protein needed by brain cells.
Middle-aged people often encounter some unpleasant things in their work and family life, so they should learn to handle them properly. As long as it is a non-principled problem, we should proceed from the overall situation, be open-minded, tolerant and generous, handle it calmly, and actively establish good interpersonal relationships. Don't haggle over unpleasant things. Relatives, friends, children and colleagues around us should also give them ideological guidance, let them dispel doubts, respect them and give them care and comfort.
8. Menopausal women should not neglect personal hygiene. Paying attention to personal hygiene is an important measure to prevent diseases. Women entering menopause should pay more attention to personal hygiene. Usually mainly from the following aspects:
One is pudendal hygiene. After entering menopause, the number of baths should not be too much, but the vulva and anus should be cleaned for one day. Because the secretion of sex hormones in menopause is reduced, the external reproductive organs are atrophied and the local resistance is obviously reduced. If you don't pay attention to hygiene, it will easily lead to vulvar infection. It is usually required to clean vulva with clean water or 1: 5000 potassium permanganate before going to bed every night, and change underwear frequently. For women suffering from senile vulvitis and vaginitis, dilute solution of boric acid and lactic acid can be used to wash vulva or hip bath, and traditional Chinese medicine such as Cortex Phellodendri and Radix Sophorae Flavescentis can also be used to wash vulva or hip bath.
The second is oral hygiene. After entering menopause, the incidence of periodontal diseases and oral mucosal diseases has increased significantly due to reasons such as loose teeth, crown wear and gingival atrophy, which often affects the breaking of food and aggravates the gastrointestinal burden, leading to gastrointestinal dysfunction, indigestion and malnutrition. So be sure to pay attention to oral hygiene. First of all, we should develop the habit of gargling after meals and brushing our teeth in the morning and evening, especially before going to bed, and pay special attention to the method of brushing our teeth. Secondly, we should actively treat oral diseases and dental diseases, treat dental caries in time and insert dentures (dentures) in time. Oral inflammation should be treated in time, you can rinse your mouth with light salt water and use antibiotics and vitamins when necessary.
The third is skin hygiene. During menopause, the secretion and excretion functions of sebaceous glands and sweat glands are reduced to varying degrees, and the barrier function of skin is weakened; At the same time, the skin elasticity is slightly reduced, wrinkles and dandruff are obviously increased, which irritates the skin and leads to itching. Therefore, menopause is prone to skin infections and itchy skin. In order to prevent skin itching and maintain skin hygiene, first of all, wash your face and hands frequently, at least 3 ~ 4 times a day, preferably with warm water. In addition, take a bath frequently, usually once a week 1 time. Be careful that the water temperature is not too high when washing your hair, and don't use too much soap, especially inferior soap or soap with too strong alkalinity, so as not to damage your skin. At the same time, it is necessary to change underwear frequently. If it is limited to people who can't take a bath often, it is even more important to pay attention to changing underwear. In addition, doing whole body skin self-massage every night, especially facial massage, can improve skin nutrition and slow down skin aging.
The fourth is food hygiene. Poor food hygiene will lead to many diseases. Especially in menopause, a series of changes have taken place in the body's biochemical indicators, endocrine hormones have decreased, and the body's disease resistance has declined to a certain extent compared with when it was young. Therefore, special attention should be paid to the food hygiene of menopause.
9. Menopausal women should not ignore sexual life. Some women who enter menopause often think that menstruation does not come, they are infertile, their sexual desire has also declined, and their sexual life is dispensable. Even if the wife asks for sex at this time, she will be laughed at. In fact, these are all very one-sided understandings. Female menopause mainly refers to the transition period from vigorous ovarian function to recession. Sexual life is necessary for menopausal women and more conducive to maintaining physical and mental health.
Menopausal women will feel vaginal dryness's pain during sexual life. Try to apply some lubricants to the vaginal opening, such as contraceptive cream and body lubricant, to improve the dryness of the vaginal opening and vagina. Sexual intercourse should be slow and gentle, and sexual excitement should be aroused by touching and verbal stimulation before sexual intercourse. In addition, some menopausal women can show strong sexual activity ability in the early hours of the morning, so it is better to arrange their sexual life in the early hours. A few women do have difficulties in sexual life, so they can take estrogen under the guidance of a doctor to make up for the deficiency of endocrine function. Women should not avoid, suppress or refuse to have sex with their own changes, which not only violates people's instinctive needs, but also intensifies loneliness. Therefore, menopausal women should not ignore or refuse sexual life.