(1) growing habits?

Positive tree species, light-loving, cold-tolerant, waterlogging-tolerant, cold-tolerant and drought-tolerant, barren saline-alkali soil. It is suitable for living in a warm and humid maritime climate zone and likes slightly acidic sandy loam. It is most suitable for growing in sandy soil with deep soil layer, loose soil and humus. Because it is resistant to sea fog and sea breeze, it can also grow in saline soil by the sea. Strong insect resistance, slow growth and long life. Black pine is evergreen all year round and has strong resistance to pests and diseases. It is the first choice for greening barren hills and roads. ?

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(b) Materials and cultivation measures

Artificial propagation: Black pine mostly uses seeds for seedling propagation, with high germination rate, up to 85%, and vigorous growth at seedling stage. The seeds were harvested in the middle and late June of 10, exposed to the sun, threshed, winnowed and stored in bags for winter use. Spring sowing should be early. It is best to use slightly acidic soil with loose soil and good drainage for nursery. Combined with soil preparation, sufficient base fertilizer was applied to disinfect the soil. Soak the seeds in 0.5% potassium permanganate solution for 2 hours before sowing, and then soak them in warm water at 60℃ for one day and night (natural cooling).

Take it out, spread it in a warm place, spray water 1 ~ 2 times a day, and sow it one week later.

It will germinate and be unearthed in the middle and late April, and it will come out in 10 days. The seedlings in that year can be as high as 10 ~ 15 cm. Potted plants can be made of 2-3-year-old stout saplings, and then processed and shaped.

Shan Ye Mining Industry: In the black pine forest land in Shan Ye, natural aerial seeding seeds are selected to cultivate stocky wild seedlings of black pine, especially small and old stumps growing in gaps.

After digging, cultivate in the open field first, and then go to pot modeling when the root system is developed and the branches and leaves are lush.

In order to meet the needs of making bonsai materials, the cultivation of Pinus thunbergii seedlings should be carried out in places with sufficient sunlight and poor soil, and its water and nutrients should be controlled, so that its main roots are thick and short, its lateral roots have developed fibrous roots, its stems are short and curved, its branches and leaves are dense, its posture is beautiful, and it is simple and unique. It is a good bonsai material.

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(3) pot feeding process

Selection of basin: black pine generally uses purple sand pottery basin; Large bonsai can be carved with alum and marble; You can also choose glazed pottery pots for small bonsai. In addition to the cliff type, it is advisable to use a deep thousand-barrel basin or a medium-deep Fiona Fang basin, and other tree types should use shallow basins, and the shape depends on the tree type.

Soil: Black pine is not strict with soil, and loose, deep, humus-rich neutral soil or slightly acidic soil is suitable. ?

It is best to use mountain soil or humus soil mixed with 30% sand as culture soil for potted plants.

Planting: It is best to plant black pine before germination in March, and it can also be planted in autumn. When digging black pine seedlings, it is advisable to bring soil and mud balls to survive. But for the straight roots that extend downward, they can be cut shorter and used for potted plants. The planting method can refer to the planting of Pinus quinquefolius.

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(4) overall posture technique

Processing: The overall posture processing of black pine is mainly climbing, supplemented by pruning. Climbing can be done with wire or brown wire.

To cultivate black pine bonsai, if young saplings are used as materials, it is best to use 2-3 years old robust saplings. The trunk is bent to a certain extent, the redundant branches are cut off, then the remaining side branches are climbed into a flat or drooping shape, and then processed year by year, and it can be shaped in 3-5 years.

Black pine stumps excavated in Shan Ye can be processed in flowerpots after one year of embryo culture. Some stumps have thick trunks that are not in harmony with the lateral branches, so they can be cut down appropriately and cut off a part. According to the needs of modeling, some dead branches can be retained to show the ancient posture.

The full posture processing of black pine should be carried out from 65438+February to March of the following year. At this time, it is in a dormant period, and the sap flows slowly, pruning and shaping, and there is no danger of resin overflowing, which has little effect on the growth of trees. In the growing period, plastic surgery can only rely on climbing, not pruning.

Tree: Black pine bonsai can be made into straight-stem, inclined-stem, curved-stem and cliff-stem, and it is also suitable for stone-attached bonsai and wall-hung bonsai. Black pine has typical morphological characteristics of pine trees, and its modeling requirements can refer to the modeling of five-needle pine. But the needles of black pine are thick and long, so it is not necessary to cut them into pieces. The growth of branches and leaves can be controlled by picking buds.

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(5) Maintenance and management

Location: Black pine is suitable for living in sunny, humid and ventilated environment, but small bonsai should not be exposed to strong light in midsummer and high temperature.

It can be placed outdoors in winter, and it is best to bury the basin in the sunny and leeward fields, leaving only the branches exposed on the soil surface. If you put it indoors for the winter, the indoor temperature should not be too high, and you must leave the room before Qingming. ?

Watering: Black pine likes to be dry and should not be watered too much. Dry thoroughly before watering, but after watering

Spraying water on leaves often is beneficial to growth. Proper water conservation in spring and summer can make new branches low and needles short.

Fertilization: Black pine doesn't like fertilization. Thin and decomposed cake fertilizer can be applied twice a year in the vigorous growth period in spring and fermented cake crumbs again in autumn.

Pruning: Pruning of Pinus thunbergii mainly focuses on bud picking, which is carried out in March-April every year when new buds are elongated and needles have not been drawn.

Generally, the length of each terminal bud is about 12. For example, B doesn't need to plant bonsai with branches, and all the terminal buds can be picked. In addition, branches and leaves that affect the graceful posture of trees can be cut off during the winter dormancy period.

Pot turning: The pot turning of black pine can be carried out every 3-5 years, preferably in February-March, or after autumn.

When turning the pot, remove about 12 of the old soil, cut off the dead B roots and rotten roots, cut short some long roots, and preferably trim the branches and leaves at the same time.

Pest control: The main diseases of black pine are leaf rust, needle drop disease, bending branch disease and pine wood nematode disease. Common pests include aphids, scale insects, red spiders and pine caterpillars.

Pine needle rust is a tumor disease of pine trees, which can be controlled by spraying 65% wettable thiram or thiram zinc 300 times. Needle drop can be sprayed with Pommel 0.5 degree stone sulfur mixture.

Spraying 1000 ~ 1500 times of 50% moth-killing EC or 2000 times of 40% dimethoate EC can control pests such as Dendrolimus punctatus and red spider.