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Morphological characteristics of fig

appear

Fig is a deciduous shrub with a height of 3- 10 m and many branches; Bark is grayish brown with obvious lenticels; Branchlets erect and stout.

leaf

Ficus carica leaves alternate, thick papery, broadly ovoid, nearly equal in length and width, 10-20cm, usually 3- 5-lobed, with oval lobules, irregular blunt teeth on the edge, rough surface, densely covered with stalactites and gray hairs on the back, shallow heart-shaped base, 3-5 lateral veins at the base and 5-7 pairs of lateral veins; Petiole 2-5 cm long and stout; Stipules ovate-lanceolate, about 65438 0 cm long, red.

flower

Figs are dioecious, with male flowers and gall peanuts on the inner wall of figs. Male peanuts have 4-5 perianth segments, 3 stamens, sometimes 1 or 5, and gall styles are lateral and short; Female flowers and male flowers have the same perianth, the ovary is oval and smooth, the style is lateral, and the stigma is 2-lobed.

fruit

The leaves of Ficus microcarpa are solitary leaf axils, large and pear-shaped, with a diameter of 3-5 cm, concave at the top, purplish red or yellow when mature, and 3 bracts at the base, which are oval; Achenes are lenticular.

Cultivation techniques of fig

Field planting

Can be potted or cultivated in barren slopes, fields and courtyards. When farming in barren hillsides, fields, courtyards, etc. Generally, the planting density should be increased appropriately,1× 2m, and the depth of a single planting pit is 50-70 cm. With a diameter of 40-60 cm, mixed fertilizers containing phosphorus and potassium (such as human and animal manure, green manure, cake fertilizer, chemical compound fertilizer, etc.) are used as base fertilizers, and the suitable planting period should be around Qingming Festival in North China, around Grain Rain in Northeast China, and after autumn defoliation in South China, but the flowering and fruiting period should be avoided.

Plastic trimming

The pruning of figs is relatively simple, and the technical requirements for pruning and shaping are not high. Generally, the pruning method of natural joy and multiple main branches is adopted, but the whole plant should keep 3-5 main branches without side branches, and the main branches should be planted directly on the main branches. In the young tree period, we should focus on cultivating the main branches, pay attention to improving the angle of the main branches, promote multiple branches, and achieve the goal of rapid crown expansion. After entering the first fruit stage, special attention should be paid to cultivating more branches to promote the formation of a certain yield. Pay attention to cultivating backbone branches, renewing large and medium branches, and cutting and shrinking weak branches during the full fruit period. For trees with aging or serious diseases and insect pests, the main branches and branches can be re-cultivated by using budding branches or hidden buds on the base or branches.

Figs began to ripen in mid-July, and gradually reached165438+1October. The picking of figs should generally be carried out in sunny days, morning or evening. When a small hole is slightly opened at the top of the ripe fruit, and the peel appears the color of the inherent variety (multi-dividend, yellow variety), pick it. Over-ripe fruits are not resistant to storage and transportation after harvesting.

Tiantuan management

After the plants survive, loosen the soil and weed. In June and July, apply human excrement and urine or ammonium sulfate 1 time again. After planting, it is necessary to cultivate the crown to form a non-layered tree or a natural happiness tree. There are many main technologies. Generally, the trunk can be fixed at the height of 50crn, leaving 5~7 main branches, and appropriately selecting side branches to fill the gap. After the trunk is shaped, it should be trimmed every year to remove dense branches, pests and dead branches. The thinning potential is mainly light shearing. If the fruit is mainly harvested in autumn, 2~3 buds can be cut short on the fruiting branches. If the fruit is mainly harvested in Xia Guo, it should not be cut.

In the growth period of young fig trees, if the base fertilizer is insufficient, it should be fertilized. The method is to apply about 5 kg of decomposed miscellaneous fertilizer to the plant at a distance of about 40 cm from the main root; Potting should be applied at least 1 kg. Mature trees should be applied with decomposed farmyard manure about 1.5kg, basal fertilizer before and after defoliation, and topdressing should be in the period of vigorous new shoots and rapid fruit expansion. Fig is a fruit tree with high fertilizer tolerance, but more phosphorus and potassium fertilizer should be applied. Generally, the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 0.5: 1: 1. Because it is drought-resistant and waterlogging-resistant, it needs a lot of water during the growth of new shoots and fruit expansion. However, long-term waterlogging or heavy ponding environment is likely to cause flowers, fruits, leaves and even death, and attention should be paid to drainage. Potted plants should also pay attention to drainage, especially in the rainy season after heavy rain or rainstorm, and pay attention to shelter from rain or control water.

Fig variety classification

Lanruike

Summer and autumn fruits are dual-purpose species, with few Xia Guo, mainly autumn fruits, Xia Guo oval, yellow-green when mature; Autumn fruit is inverted cone or oval, with an average single fruit weight of 50-60g, yellow-brown peel and hollow fruit. The pulp is reddish brown, containing more than 0/6% soluble solids/kloc-,and it tastes sweet. This variety has moderate tree vigor, semi-open posture, short tree body, weak branches, strong continuous fruiting ability, low yield, cold tolerance and strong salt tolerance.

Penglai persimmon

The special variety of autumn fruit is rare in Xia Guo. Autumn fruit is inverted cone or oval, with a round and slightly flat top, which is easy to crack. The weight of a single fruit is 60-70g, and the peel is thick and purplish red. The flesh is bright red and contains 16% soluble solids. It tastes sweet, but the meat is thick and odorless. This variety has strong tree potential, upright tree posture, tall crown and vigorous growth. The branches are sparse, long and thick, and have good cold resistance.

rascal

Both Xia Guo and Qiuguo are used, mainly Qiuguo. Autumn fruit is in the shape of an inverted cone, and the weight of a single fruit is 60-80g, with a maximum of over 120g. When ripe, it is light green, the top of the fruit is not cracked, and the fruit shoulder is cracked. The pulp is purplish red and hollow, containing more than 65438 06% soluble solids, and has excellent flavor. This variety has strong vitality, half-opened, few thick branches and cold tolerance.