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Ivy, Latin scientific name hedera nepalaisis var. Trionyx sinensis (tobl. Rehd is a popular indoor potted flower and tree, especially in the wider living room, study room and living room, with elegant and simple style and southern sentiment. It is a new generation of indoor foliage plants, which are beautiful, regular and world-famous. It can purify indoor air, absorb harmful gases such as benzene and formaldehyde emitted by furniture and decoration, and bring great benefits to human health. Originated in Europe, Asia and North Africa. It is very adaptable to the environment. I like the cold climate. I have strong cold tolerance and can be used as medicine.

Chinese name ivy

The Latin scientific name hedera nepalaisis k, Kochvar. sinesis (tobl。 )rehd。

Don't call it Tuguteng, Tianfeng, Triangle Wind, Broken Bone Wind and Wind Lotus Pear Teng.

plant kingdom

Angiosperms magnolia

Magnolia, dicotyledonous plants, class a

Apiaceae

Araliaceae Araliaceae

Hydera belongs to ivy.

The distribution area is located in Shaanxi, Gansu and the south of the Yellow River basin to South China and Southwest China.

catalogue

Morphological characteristics of 1

2 growth environment

3 distribution

4 cultivation techniques

Cultivation method

breeding method

Management method

control of insect

5 main value

Greening value

Medicinal value

Ecological value

6 plant culture

Morphological characteristics of 1

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Ivy (6 pieces)

Perennial evergreen climbing shrub, 3-20 meters long. The stems are grayish brown, dark brown, smooth, aerial rooted, and the young branches have scales, which usually have 10-20 radial edges. Simple leaves alternate; Petiole 2-9 cm long, with scales; Stipules absent; Leaf type 2; The leaves on the inflorescence are triangular, oval or halberd-shaped, with a length of 5- 12cm and a width of 3- 10cm, all or three leaves; The leaves on the flower branches are elliptic-lanceolate, elliptic-ovate or lanceolate, thin-ovate or ovoid, entire; The top is long or tapering, the base is wedge-shaped, wide round and heart-shaped; The upper surface of leaves is dark green and shiny, and the lower surface is light green or yellow-green, with no hair or sparse scales; There are obvious lateral veins and reticular veins on both sides. Umbellies are solitary, or 2-7 racemes or umbellate panicles, with a diameter of 1.5-2.5cm and 5-40 flowers; Calyx densely brown to scaly, ca. 2 mm, margin nearly entire; Petals 5, triangular-ovate, 3-3.5 mm long, yellow-white or green-white, with scales outside; Stamens 5, filaments 2-3 mm long, anthers purple; The ovary is inferior, 5-loculed, and the styles are all columnar; Disk protruding, yellow. The fruit is spherical, 7- 13mm in diameter, red or yellow, and the persistent style is 1- 1.5mm long. The flowering period is September-165438+1October, and the fruiting period is March-May of the following year. [ 1]

2 growth environment

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Negative lianas can also grow in full light, grow well in warm and humid climate, and are not cold-resistant. Not strict with the soil, like moist, loose and fertile soil, not tolerant of salt and alkali. [2]

Epiphytic on the wet rock wall of broad-leaved forest or valley, often cultivated in gardens. [ 1]

3 distribution

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Distributed in the southwest and Shaanxi, Gansu, Shandong, Jiaohua, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Fujian, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Tibet and other places. [ 1]

4 cultivation techniques

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Cultivation method

plant

It can be planted when the branches and vines stop growing. But it is best to plant it in late spring and early summer before germination. Potted plants usually use rotten leaves.

Ivy has small yellow flowers like umbrellas.

Culture soil is mixed with soil, garden soil and sand. Generally, change pots every 1-2 years 1 time. Before planting, put the decomposed organic fertilizer on the bottom of the basin as the base fertilizer and cut off the long and dense roots. After planting, water it 1 time, place it in the shade, and manage it normally after new branches grow. [3]

Light and temperature

The suitable growth temperature is 18-20℃. When the temperature exceeds 35℃, the leaves turn yellow and the growth stops. Therefore, when it is hot in summer, it should be shaded or placed in a sparse place to avoid exposure to the hot sun. Strong cold tolerance, can safely overwinter in general families. In winter, you should move indoors to a sunny place, get more sunshine, keep the temperature above 3℃, or endure the low temperature of -7-8℃ for a short time. In the absence of heating equipment, it is necessary to do a good job of antifreeze, and it can also be cut again to survive the winter safely. It should be kept indoors in a bright place. Outdoor, in addition to avoiding strong sunlight, there should be 3-4 hours of direct sunlight every day, especially for variegated varieties. Adequate illumination can keep the leaves bright. If there is insufficient light and poor ventilation, plants will stretch from one node to another in dark places for a long time, and the longer they are, the thinner they will be. [3]

ivy

Water fertilization

Ivy needs a warm and humid environment. During the growing period, water supply should be guaranteed, and the basin soil should be kept moist at all times to prevent it from being completely dry. If the water is insufficient, it will cause deciduous leaves. In the case of dry air, water should be sprayed on the blades and the surrounding ground frequently to improve the air humidity. In winter, watering should be reduced to make the basin soil moist, but water should be sprayed on the leaves to increase the air humidity, so as to avoid poor growth and scorching leaves. Rare organic liquid fertilizer should be applied 2-3 times a month during the growing period. For potted plants that have grown and formed, fertilization can be reduced. Stop fertilization in winter. [3]

Plastic trimming

Newly planted plants, after germination in spring, should be cored to promote branching, and set up traction modeling, or hang potted plants. For plants that have been growing for many years, it is necessary to strengthen pruning, thinning out the thin and weak branches and dead branches that are too dense, and preventing excessive branches and vines from causing disorder in modeling. [3]

breeding method

ivy

Ivy stems and vines are easy to take root and usually propagate by cutting. Under the condition of greenhouse cultivation, cuttings can be cut all year round. It is generally appropriate to mow in April-May in spring and August-September in autumn for family breeding. When cutting, choose loose, ventilated and well-drained sandy soil as the substrate. In the spring of hardwood cutting, the woody and robust branches are cut from the plants and cut into cuttings with the length of 15 -20 cm, and 2-3 leaves are left at the upper end. After cutting, keep the soil moist and put it in the shade, and it will soon take root. Autumn twig cutting is to select semi-lignified twigs and cut them into 15-20cm long cuttings with 3-4 knots and air roots. Shade after cutting, and always keep the soil moist. Generally, it can take root and survive in 20 -30 days after cutting. [4]

In addition to cutting, layering propagation can also be carried out. Bury the stems and vines in people, or press the stems and vines on wet soil with stones. After the new roots grow on the nodes, cut them off according to 3-5 nodes to promote the new stems and vines in the leaf axils. After another 30 days of culture, it can be transplanted into a pot. [4]

Management method

Ivy cultivation management is simple and extensive, but it needs to be planted in moist soil and ventilated places. Transplanting can be carried out in early autumn or late spring, and pruning is needed after planting to promote branching. Many places in the south are planted in the shade of gardens, allowing them to crawl naturally on the ground or rockeries. There are many potted plants in the north. Potted plants can be tied with various brackets for traction and shaping. In summer, it is raised under a shade shed, and in winter, it is put into a greenhouse for wintering. Indoor air humidity should be kept, not too dry, but the basin soil should not be too wet. [5]

control of insect

The main diseases are algae leaf spot, anthracnose, bacterial leaf rot, leaf spot, root rot and epidemic disease. Leaf roller, scale insects, red spider and other pests are more serious.

[6]

anthrax

Common diseases. Mainly harmful to leaves, leaves are gray when they are seriously damaged: it is easy to happen when autumn rain lasts. [7]

Prevention method: put it in a ventilated and light-transmitting place, and no watering is allowed on the head. Spraying 50% carbendazim wettable powder 500 times after onset, spraying 1 time every 7 days and spraying continuously for 3-4 times can prevent and control diseases. For other methods, please refer to the section of Liriodendron pest control. [7]

leaf spot

Common diseases. It is easy to cause leaves to wither and fall off, which is mostly caused by poor ventilation and humid environment. [7]

Prevention and treatment: remove the diseased leaves at the early stage of the disease and burn them centrally. At the same time, spray 1% bordeaux mixture, spray 1 time every 7 days, and spray continuously for 4-5 times. [7]

scale insect

Common pests. The damaged plants grow poorly and can be polluted by soot disease, which leads to yellowing of leaves and early defoliation. [7]

Prevention method: manual scraping. When the occurrence area is large, 40% omethoate EC can also be sprayed 800 times. For other methods, please refer to the pest control part of Cycas. [7]

epidemic

(1) Symptoms: All leaves or most leaves turn brown and rot, or stems, rattan bases and tender nodes are flooded with dark green, become soft and constricted, then turn brown to brown-black, and the branches and leaves above the disease area wither. Some directly form rotten tops or dead heads; Sometimes stem rot will also occur at the stem base of cuttings. When cuttings carry bacteria or soil carries bacteria, and the humidity of soil and air is high, diseases are easy to occur and spread rapidly. [8]

(2) Prevention and control methods

(1) If the diseased plants are found, pull them out in time, and properly control watering. [8]

(2) When planting, attention should be paid to selecting plant cuttings without diseases and insect pests and inserting them in sterilized or epidemic-free substrates. Planting should not be too dense, pay attention to ventilation and light transmission. [8]

(3) Drainage in time in rainy season to prevent water retention. [8]

④ At the initial stage of the disease, spray or water 800 times of 25% metalaxyl wettable powder or 600 times of 58% metalaxyl manganese zinc wettable powder, 600 times of 64% antiviral alum wettable powder and 600 times of 72% chlorhexidine. [8]

gray mold

(1) symptoms: brown or black spots appear on the edge of leaves, which can occupy most or all leaves in severe cases and produce botrytis cinerea when wet. [8]

(2) Prevention and control methods: cultivate with disease-free new soil, control watering, and do not apply too much nitrogen fertilizer. Remove diseased leaves in time and burn them. At the beginning, spray 500 times solution of 75% chlorothalonil. 10 day 1 time, 2 ~ 3 times in a row. [8]

Purple octopus

(1) Hazard characteristics: Nymphs and female adults suck sap from branches and leaves. In severe cases, it will be covered by leaves and branches, causing plants to dry up, yellow and die. [8]

(2) Prevention and control methods: In winter, combined with plastic surgery, cut off insect branches and leaves and focus on burning. During the incubation period of nymphs, spray 50% phoxim 1000 times solution or fast culling 1500 times solution. [8]

sunburn

Symptoms: the upper leaves or new leaves turn light gray and gradually wither and fall off. [9]

Etiology: physiological symptoms. In summer, ivy that has been kept in the shade for a long time is suddenly put in sunny days, which is easy to be burned by the scorching sun. [9]

Control method: the cultivation environment is easy to be semi-cloudy, and the sunshine is about 50%-70%. Avoid strong direct sunlight. [9]

5 main value

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Greening value

It can be used to climb rockeries and rocks in the courtyard, and can also be used as vertical greening materials in the shade of buildings. Planting in North China should choose a slightly cloudy and microclimate-friendly environment. Can also be potted for indoor greening and viewing. Ivy has been widely used in greening, especially three-dimensional greening. It can not only achieve the effect of greening and beautifying, but also play the role of increasing oxygen, reducing temperature, reducing dust and reducing noise. It is one of the most used materials in liana greening plants [10].

Medicinal value

Different names

ivy

Tuguteng (Materia Medica Supplement), Longli (Rihuazi Materia Medica), Banyan (Puji Fang) and Triangle Style; Triangle sword (outline), centipede on the tree (herbal classification), Parthenocissus tricuspidata, Acer truncatum, Acer truncatum, Vitex negundo, Garcinia Garcinia (tree taxonomy in China), Zu Tianfeng (annals of traditional Chinese medicine in Sichuan), Scolopendra (illustration of Chinese medicinal plants), Zu Yafeng, and Vitex negundo (Jiangxi). [ 1 1]

It originated from Hederanepalessisk. Kochwar Trionyx sinensis (tobl. )Rehd。 Ivy, the whole plant is used as medicine. It can be harvested all year round, cut into sections, dried or used in small quantities. [ 1 1]

Bitter, pungent and warm in nature. [ 1 1]

(1) Notes on Materia Medica: "Bitter." [ 1 1]

Ivy (6 pieces)

② Herbal rejuvenation: "Bitter in taste, slightly cold in nature and nontoxic." [ 1 1]

③ "Chinese Herbal Medicine Commonly Used in Tibet": "It is flat in nature and sweet in taste." [ 1 1]

Functions: expelling wind and promoting diuresis, promoting blood circulation and detumescence, calming the liver and detoxifying. Can be used for the treatment of rheumatic joint pain, lumbago, traumatic injury, hepatitis, dizziness, oral and ocular cochlear deviation, epistaxis, nebula, acute conjunctivitis, nephritis edema, amenorrhea, carbuncle, urticaria and eczema. [ 1 1]

Additional prescription

① Treatment of hepatitis: Ivy, Patrinia herb and decoction. (Jiangxi Handbook of Materia Medica) [1 1]

② Treatment of arthralgia and lumbago: three to four yuan for the stems and roots of ivy, and half a dose of yellow wine decoction; And wash the affected area with water decoction. (Common folk herbs in Zhejiang) [1 1]

③ Treatment of postpartum headache: Ivy San Qian, stir-fried with yellow wine, adding seven red dates, decocting in water, and taking after meals. (Common folk herbs in Zhejiang) [1 1]

④ Treatment of black sore and depression: tie it with a hair rope, mash Ficus pumila to get juice, and take a cup of honey. Onions and honey are sprinkled outside. (Sheng Huifang) [1 1]

⑤ Cure a hundred carbuncle: Longlin holds Ficus pumila. Grinding, dissolving the juice with wine, and taking warm clothes. It is better to take advantage of people's danger. (surgical essentials) [1 1]

⑥ Treatment of nosebleed: treat Ficus pumila with water. (Summary of Sheng Ji) [1 1]

⑦ Entrust poison and expel pus: one or two fresh ivy, decocted in water, and mixed with water and wine. (Jiangxi Handbook of Materia Medica) [1 1]

⑧ Treatment of furuncle and carbuncle: fresh ivy 22 Liang, decoction: fresh ivy leaves are mashed for external use, slightly mashed with sugar and soju, and externally applied. (Jiangxi Handbook of Materia Medica) [1 1]

Pet-name ruby treatment of mouth and eye deviation: five pieces of triangle wind, five pieces of Whitestorm rattan and seven pieces of Uncaria. Make a catty of wine. Five yuan for each medicine or steamed wine. (Guiyang folk herbs) [1 1]

Indications for skin itching: triangle wind, whole grass gold. Take a bath with boiling water, once every three days, and wash frequently. (Guiyang folk herbs) [1 1]

Usage and dosage: decoction, 5 ~15g; Soak in wine or juice. External use: frying, washing or pounding. [ 1 1]

Chemical composition The stem contains tannin (12.438+0%) and resin. Leaves contain hederadin, inositol, carotene and sugar; It also contains 29.4% tannin. [ 1 1]

Pharmacological action belongs to the same plant, and ivy produced in the Soviet Union has sedative effect. Another ivy contains soap alkaloids, which can inhibit the growth of fungi. [ 1 1]

Ecological value

10 square meter room can eliminate 70% benzene, 50% formaldehyde and 24% trichloroethylene. Because the newly renovated house constantly releases harmful gases such as formaldehyde, environmental experts suggest that after renovation, keep more ventilation and raise a few pots of green plants.

6 plant culture

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ivy

Ivy-the combination of love, loyalty, friendship and emotion

Ivy was once considered as a magical plant, symbolizing the meaning of loyalty. In Greek mythology, ivy represents Dionysus, the god of wine, and symbolizes joy and vitality. It also symbolizes immortality and eternal youth.

Ivy-friendship, marriage, never part.

Ivy is a very beautiful evergreen vine, which indicates that spring will last for a long time, so it has a beautiful name "Ivy" and is deeply loved by people. Sending ivy to friends symbolizes the evergreen tree of friendship. If a friend gets married, the beautiful figure of ivy is indispensable in the bouquet given to the bride. I wish "a happy wedding and a long life together."

At the wedding, you will find that there is often a green plant on the bride's head, which is ivy used to ward off evil spirits; There is also a beautiful figure of ivy in the bride's bouquet, which means that life is not influenced by villains or monsters, and men can distinguish lovers' likes and dislikes by wearing it. In addition, Ivy also represents loyalty, marriage, love, friendship and affection, and represents that friendship or love will always be fresh and never fade. [ 12]

Ivy (4/8 birthday flower)

Flower language: influence

Before the cloth flower was adopted in Britain in the16th century, ivy was used to brew beer, because mixing it with wheat would turn wheat into beer. So the flower language of Ivy is-influence.

Anyone who is blessed by this flower has great influence and can influence others. Maybe you are suitable to be a politician or an entrepreneur? It also has a great influence on lovers, and can subtly turn each other into their favorite type.

This one of yours is heart-shaped, which is very nice.