Latin scientific name: persica；;

English name: peach

Classification of families and genera:

Domain: Eukaryotic domain

Field: the plant kingdom in the plant kingdom

Door: angiosperm magnolia door

Class: Subclass Dicotyledonous Magnolia

Objective: Rosa of Rosaceae.

Family: Rosaceae

Genus: Prunus

Subgenus: Prunus persica

Type: peach

Introduction:

Peach originated in China, and gradually spread to the surrounding areas of Asia, from Persia to the west. The Latin name of peach Persica means Persia. Now it is planted in China, French, Mediterranean countries, Australian and other warm areas.

Distribution of origin

Peach blossom originated in central and northern China and has a long cultivation history. Now it is widely planted in various places. Sex likes sunshine, cold resistance, drought resistance, water and humidity resistance, and it is best to choose a place with smooth air when planting. The nutritional requirement is nitrogen fertilizer, and it is best to add bone meal in autumn.

Shared species

First, the small white peach: white flowers, oval petals, few calyx flowers, brown branches with green spots.

Second, the big white peach: the flowers are big and white, the petals are round, the fluff is dense and thin, and the flowers are green.

3. Five-color peach: also known as sprinkling peach, the flowers are mostly white or slightly red, one or several flowers are pink, and one flower or petal is half white and half pink. Rectangular petals, red-brown branches.

Four, thousand petals pink: the flowers are pink, mostly three-wheeled petals, and the filaments are pink. Some flowers are reddish, filaments are red and flowers are red.

Five, hearts: pink flowers, nearly double, peach brown flowers.

6. Crimson peach: crimson flowers, purple-brown calyx tube, deeply wrinkled and hairy. These flowers are green and brown.

Seven, green peach: petals pale green, inverted oval, green with reddish brown spots, flowering late, mostly in mid-April.

Eight, drooping peaches: the branches are drooping, the flowers are double, the color is deep red, sprinkled with gold, reddish and pure white.

In addition, there are birthday peaches and purple leaf peaches. The former has large white flowers, late flowering, short tree shape and large leaves. The latter is mainly characterized by purple leaves.

Morphogenesis

Peach blossoms are deciduous trees. Its leaves are elliptic-lanceolate, with rough serrations and hairless edges. The petiole is1-1.5cm long and 6-10m high. The trunk is grayish brown, rough and porous. Branchlets reddish brown or brownish green, smooth. The leaves are elliptic-lanceolate, with serrated edges. Flowers are solitary, white, pink and red, double or semi-double, and bloom in March. Drupe is nearly spherical, and the surface is densely covered with short fluff. Due to different varieties, the fruit ripens from June to September. Mainly divided into two categories: peach and peach. The varieties are crimson, crimson, pure white and red and white mixed colors, as well as double petals and double petals.

The more important varieties are nectarine, flat peach, longevity peach and peach. Among them, nectarine and flat peach are cultivated as fruit trees, Shouxing peach and Bitong peach are mainly for viewing, and Shouxing peach can also be used as dwarf rootstock of peach. This tree is 4 ~ 5 meters high. Annual branches are reddish brown. The leaves are mostly lanceolate, the leaf margin is serrated, and there are often nectaries at the base of the petiole. There are two patterns: roses and bells. Drupe is mostly round or rectangular except flat peach, and the fruit surface is evenly distributed with fuzz except nectarine. The pulp is white, yellow or flushed, and a few are red; Soft, crisp or dense meat; There are different pits on the nuclear surface, which is an important basis for the classification of species and varieties.

Peach blossom is a traditional garden flower in our country, with beautiful tree shape, lush foliage, rich flowers and bright colors. It is an important flower viewing tree species in early spring.

Peach fruit is a famous fruit; Peach stones can extract oil; Its branches, leaves, fruits and roots can be used as medicine; Peach wood is fine and hard, and can be used for carving.

Ecological habit

Peach likes light and requires good ventilation; Good drainage and drought resistance; Fear of waterlogging, such as waterlogging for 3 ~ 5 days, light leaves, heavy death. Cold-tolerant, East China and North China can generally overwinter in the open air.

Peach blossom should be light loam, and the moisture should be kept semi-humid. Not tolerant of alkaline soil, not liking too sticky soil, not choosing fertilizer, and other ecological habits are roughly similar to plum blossoms. However, the growth potential and branching ability are stronger than that of plum blossom, but it can't last long, and it begins to decline from about 15 years old.

The average tree age can reach 20 to 50 years. Peach trees begin to blossom and bear fruit very early, usually 1 ~ 3 years after grafted seedlings are planted, and they begin to blossom and bear fruit in 4 ~ 8 years. It grows very fast and can be filmed several times a year. Developed roots, especially fibrous roots; Transplanting is easy to survive. Each node has 1 ~ 2 flower buds, almost sessile. Flowers and leaves germinate at the same time, and the leaves grow into full shapes after flowering.

Most peach varieties take long flower branches as the main part of flowering and fruiting, but a few varieties, such as "Shouxing Peach", mostly bear flowers on short flower branches and middle flower branches. East China and Central China bloom more in the middle and late March, and the fruit ripens in June-September.

breeding method

Grafting is the main method of peach blossom propagation, and cuttage or shield bud grafting is commonly used. Peach (semi-cultivated type of peach) is widely used as rootstock in East China, while mountain peach. It is used in North China. However, peach trees grafted with Prunus armeniaca or Prunus armeniaca rootstock have short tree age and many diseases and insect pests. If apricot (P. armenia ca L.) is used as the rootstock, although the grafting is laborious and the initial growth is slightly slow, it has a long life and few pests and diseases.

Autumn sowing is convenient for rootstock seeds; Or sow in layers with wet sand after autumn, and take it out for sowing in early spring of the following year. When sowing, the row spacing is generally 40 ~ 50 cm, the plant spacing is 10 ~ 20 cm, and the ditch depth is about 5 cm, each place is 1 grain. When sowing in spring, if the buds have sprouted, cover them with soil.

Bud grafting is mostly carried out in July and August. One-year-old seedlings are better as rootstocks, and two-year rootstocks are barely available. The survival rate of bud grafting is very high, mostly above 95%; Most of them didn't germinate that year, so they should be checked once in spring. Those who survive will remove the rootstock buds and let the peach blossom scions germinate. Those who don't survive can be replanted immediately.

Prune the spring buds when they have begun to sprout. Choose peach blossom branches that grow vigorously in spring, cut them into 6-7 cm long branches with 2 buds (1 node is also acceptable), and the incision is 2-3 cm long. Annual or biennial seedlings are the best rootstocks, but the elderly are not good. Cut the top of the rhizome about 5 cm from the ground, and then cut it. After that, you should cultivate the soil and cover the top of the scion slightly. Generally, the survival rate of grafting can reach over 90%.

cultivation techniques

Peach blossoms are mostly transplanted and planted after defoliation in early spring or autumn and winter. They are planted in drainage and sunny places, and basic fertilizers (human feces, compost, cake fertilizer, bone meal, etc.). ) used in planting holes to promote flower bud differentiation. Bare root transplantation of seedlings is feasible; Big seedlings and trees, especially the more expensive varieties, are best transplanted with soil, or at least the roots are dipped in mud and transplanted again to ensure survival. Plastic surgery is mainly based on natural happy shape, and pruning can be slightly heavier than plum. All twigs, transverse branches and insect branches in the crown are cut off, more than before flowering, and potted plants can be postponed until after flowering. Generally, basal fertilizer is applied once a year in winter, and topdressing is applied once before flowering and around June to promote flowering and flower bud formation. In addition, intertillage and weeding should be done properly in peacetime. Pests and diseases mainly include peach aphid, peach pink aphid, peach dust, pear moth, peach leaf shrinkage disease, peach brown rot and so on, which should be prevented in time.

Maintenance points

1, peach blossom watering: Don't do it, water it properly to prevent water from causing rotten roots.

2. Fertilization of peach blossom: after flowering, apply liquid fertilizer 1-2 times a year, and do not apply fertilizer at other times.

3. Pruning of peach blossom: Peach blossom is an annual habit in Zhi Tao, which enriches axillary buds, differentiates flower buds in July and blooms in the next spring, so attention should be paid to pruning. Young peaches should be pruned in time after flowering, only two or three buds at the base of the flower branches should be kept, and the rest should be cut off. In summer, the branches that grow too vigorously are cored to promote the formation of flower buds. For plants with poor growth, it is necessary to avoid excessive pruning, restrain the strong and help the weak, and pay attention to the uniform distribution of branches, resulting in beautiful plant shape.

4, peach blossoms for pots: at the vernal equinox every year. When changing pots, put some phosphate fertilizer at the bottom of pots as base fertilizer, cut off the over-dense roots and fill in the new pots.

Control disease

Peach blossom can prevent pests and diseases: peach blossom can cause leaf shrinkage disease, which can be prevented by spraying Bordeaux solution on the trunk every half month in the early stage of the disease. Insects such as aphids, moths and longicorn beetles can be captured manually or killed by spraying pesticides. Peach blossom is a good material for inserting bottles indoors during the Spring Festival. In order to ensure the flowering in the Spring Festival, the flower-forcing treatment can be carried out. Generally, after defoliation, move the basin to a shady place below 7 degrees Celsius, and then move it indoors one to one and a half months before the Spring Festival. The temperature is about 10℃, and then the room temperature is gradually increased. In the environment of 20℃ to 25℃,/kloc-will bloom after 0/5 to 25 days.

Peach perforation, peach anthracnose and peach gummosis are the three most common peach diseases.

Peach perforation mainly harms leaves, branches and fruits. One is bacterial perforation caused by bacteria, and the other is fungal perforation caused by fungi. Warm and rainy season is beneficial to the occurrence of bacterial perforation of peach, which is a common disease of peach. Peach fungal perforation is easy to occur in warm and rainy conditions, and peach plants with weak tree vigor, poor drainage and poor ventilation and light transmission are easy to get sick.

Strengthening management, increasing base fertilizer, improving soil, strengthening tree vigor and improving disease resistance are the main methods to control peach perforation. At the same time, pay attention to cut off the sick and reduce the reinfection of pathogens. Spraying Bomei 3-5 stone sulfur mixture before germination in early spring can treat pests at the same time, and spraying 70% thiophanate methyl wettable powder 800- 1000 times during the growth period. Streptomycin, oxytetracycline and validamycin can be used to kill bacterial perforation.

Anthracnose mainly harms fruits, and leaves and shoots can also get sick. Peach blossoms are more likely to get sick when it is cold and rainy. The main control methods are to eliminate diseased branches, dead branches and hard fruits, reduce the source of overwintering bacteria, and spray Pomei 5 stone sulfur mixture before flowering. After flowering, 50% acetaminophen can be sprayed 600 times and 70% thiophanate-methyl can be sprayed 800- 1000 times.

Peach gummosis mainly harms branches, especially older plants. Strengthening peach tree management, strengthening tree vigor, improving resistance, timely and effectively controlling trunk pests and reducing unnecessary mechanical damage are the main control methods, and suitable pesticides and fungicides can also be selected according to specific conditions.

Peach leaf shrinkage disease mainly occurs in early spring in low temperature and rainy season. The main control methods to eliminate overwintering pathogens are spraying Baume 3-5 sulfur mixture and l: 1: 100 bordeaux mixture, or spraying 70% mancozeb 500 times and 70% thiophanate methyl 1000 times when petals are red.

[Edit this paragraph] Peach blossom related to traditional Chinese medicine

Source: This product is the flower of peach in Rosaceae. Picking and drying in spring when flowering.

Tropism of nature and taste: bitter and flat.

Indications: diarrhea, defecation, diuresis and detumescence. Used for edema, ascites and constipation.

Usage and dosage: 1 ~ 2 yuan RMB.

Selected party:

① Treatment of beriberi, hydronephrosis in the waist and bladder, phlegm turbidity: peach blossom, dry in the shade, take a large liter and pound it into powder. Warm sake is harmonious, once taken, make it profitable and take it on an empty stomach. You can transfer to line six or seven later, but if you spend the night, you will always be exhausted if you can't eat anything. If you feel hungry halfway, eat some soft rice and porridge. ("Outside Taiwan" peach blossom powder)

2 treatment of constipation: water service peach blossom square inch. (Qian Jinfang)

(3) Treating dry stool and intestinal obstruction without pain: one or two peaches (wet) and three or two noodles. Take medicine, make wonton with flour, cook it and eat it on an empty stomach. At noon, my stomach was like thunder, and now it is evil. (Sheng Huifang)

4 treatment of postpartum constipation: peach blossom, sunflower seed, talc, betel nut each one or two. Apply the medicine, mash it carefully and let it disperse. Adjust two yuan with onion soup before taking it. ("Sheng Huifang" peach blossom powder)

⑤ Treatment of low back pain: one barrel of peach blossom, three barrels of well water, six liters of Qu and six barrels of rice. When cooking, you should get rid of the bad ones while they are hot. Take one liter a day, three times a day. If you eat or drink, use river water, which is forbidden to be used as medicine. (Qian Jinfang)

⑥ Abdominal pain treatment: peach blossoms are dried and pestle. Take two yuan for water and half for children. (Meng Shenfang)

⑦ Constantly treat malaria: peach blossom is the end, and wine is the square inch. (The Prescription of Shimeiji)

⑧ Treatment of back sores and carbuncles: Peach blossoms are taken from Pingdan, ground with vinegar, and juice is applied to the sore surface. ("Sheng Ji Zong Lu")

9. Treatment of alopecia: Dry unopened peach blossoms in the shade, divide them with mulberry red and mix them with pig fat. Wash the scab with gray juice first, that is, apply the medicine. (Meng Shenfang)

Attending to treat upper sores and eye sores with yellow water: peach blossoms are not counted, but counted carefully. Drink half a glass of water after eating and take a square knife for three days. (Provisions on Collection and Inspection at Sea)

⑾ Treating carbuncle of foot: peach blossom salt is divided equally. Evenly pestle, vinegar, apply it. (Behind the elbow)

Related records

Peach blossom contains a variety of vitamins and trace elements, which can dredge meridians, dilate peripheral hair vessels, improve blood circulation, promote skin nutrition and oxygen supply, and moisturize skin. Prevent the chronic deposition of pigment in the skin, and effectively remove chloasma, freckles and black spots on the body surface that hinder beauty. "Qian Jin Fang" contains: "Three peach blossoms, drink on an empty stomach, thin waist". The famous doctor Aberdeen recorded: "Peach tastes bitter and has a flat nature, which can control moisture, facilitate urination and relieve three pests". Peach blossoms are sweet in taste, flat in nature and non-toxic, and can help digestion, promote qi circulation, eliminate phlegm, eliminate stagnation and diuresis, and amenorrhea. This prescription is an excellent beauty product for weight loss and skin care.

The ancients in China realized the beauty value of peach blossoms long ago. The earliest existing pharmaceutical monograph "Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing" says that peach blossom has the effect of "making people feel good". Before and after Tomb-Sweeping Day, when peach blossoms still have buds, take 250g of peach blossoms and 3g of angelica dahurica, seal them, soak them in 1000 ml of white wine for 30 days, and drink15-30ml in the morning and evening respectively. At the same time, pour a little wine into the palm of your hand, rub it until the palm is hot, and rub your face back and forth, which has a good effect on facial pigmented diseases such as chloasma, dark spots and dull complexion.

The beauty function of peach blossom is mainly due to the nutrients such as kaempferol, incense, bean essence, trilobite, vitamins A, B and C in the flower. These substances can dilate blood vessels, dredge veins, moisten the skin, improve blood circulation, promote skin nutrition and oxygen supply, accelerate the excretion of lipofuscin which promotes human aging, and prevent the chronic deposition of skin melanin, thus effectively preventing chloasma, freckles, black spots and peaches. These substances are also rich in plant proteins and free amino acids, which are easily absorbed by the skin, have an effect on preventing and treating skin dryness, roughness and wrinkles, and can also enhance the disease resistance of the skin, thus preventing and treating it.

A simple way to make use of peach blossoms for beauty is to mash fresh peach blossoms, take juice and apply it to your face, gently massage for a while, or use dry peach blossom powder in the shade, mix it with honey and apply it to your face, and then wash it. The nutrients in flowers can moisturize the skin and change the vitality of facial cells, thus achieving the beauty effect of rosy complexion, moist, smooth and elastic skin.

In the spring of March, peach blossoms spit. The beauty of peach blossoms often reminds people of the richness of life. The ancients used the phrase "peach blossoms set each other off in red" to praise the girl's delicate face. In fact, peach blossoms do have a cosmetic effect. Peach blossom is sweet and pungent, slightly warm, and has the effects of promoting blood circulation, pleasing skin, diuresis, removing blood stasis and relieving pain. Peach blossom contains kaempferol, carotene, vitamins and other ingredients, of which kaempferol has a good beauty and skin care effect.

According to the National Classic of Materia Medica, picking fresh peach blossoms, soaking them in wine and drinking some every day can make the face rosy and beautiful as peach blossoms.

When introducing the method and function of "peach blossom wine", Pujifang said: Pick fresh peach blossoms on March 3rd, soak them in fine liquor, and take them 49 days later. Take it for a long time, and you can get rid of diseases and beautify your face. Diuresis, blood circulation, and laxative. Treat edema, limb qi, phlegm and bad defecation. Brewing method: appropriate amount of peach blossom, appropriate amount of honey and appropriate amount of boiled water.

eating habits

1. Peach blossom pig's trotters porridge: peach blossom (dried) 1g, clean pig's trotters 1g, japonica rice 100g, salt, soy sauce, ginger powder, chopped green onion, sesame oil and monosodium glutamate. Bake peach blossoms and grind them into fine powder for later use; Japonica rice in Tao Jing; Separate the skin and bones of pig's trotters, put them in an iron pot, add appropriate amount of water, boil them with high fire, skim off the floating foam, remove the bones when the pig's trotters are cooked, add japonica rice and peach blossom powder, continue to simmer the porridge with low fire, and add refined salt, soy sauce, ginger powder, chopped green onion, sesame oil and monosodium glutamate when the porridge is finished, and mix well. Every other day 1 dose, take it warm in several times. The prescription has the effects of promoting blood circulation, moistening skin, invigorating qi, promoting lactation, strengthening muscles, caring skin, removing blood stasis and promoting tissue regeneration, and is suitable for lactating women with spots on their faces. Taking this porridge after delivery can not only promote lactation and remove blood stasis in the body, but also remove facial spots, moisturize the skin and replenish the body.

2, Sui Palace whitening recipe: 60 grams of peach blossom (dry), 75 grams of wax gourd kernel, 45 grams of dried tangerine peel, * * * ground into very fine powder, stored in porcelain bottles, ready to eat. Every time 1g, 2 ~ 3 times a day, and take it with warm glutinous rice wine after meals. This prescription has the effects of promoting blood circulation, removing blood stasis, removing spots, whitening skin and moistening skin. It is suitable for people with dark face or chloasma, and people with dark skin who live in plateau, seaside and southern areas with strong sun exposure.

3. Peach Blossom and Angelica dahurica Wine: Collect 30 grams of peach blossoms with budding buds and blooming branches to the southeast on the third day of the third lunar month (or around Tomb-Sweeping Day), put them in bottles with 40 grams of Angelica dahurica, add 1000 ml of white wine, seal them, and open them for use after 1 month. Drink peach blossom and angelica dahurica wine 1 every morning and evening, and pour some medicinal liquor into your palm and rub your hands together. Rub your face back and forth when your palm gets hot. This prescription can remove the dark spots on the face and treat the symptoms of dull complexion, dark spots or dullness after delivery. The method is safe, reliable and simple to manufacture. Generally, it takes 40 ~ 60 days to take effect, the spots disappear and the face becomes ruddy and shiny. Peach blossom is a blood-breaking medicine. Pregnant women and people with excessive menstrual flow should not take peach blossom wine, nor should they take other peach blossom beauty prescriptions. But for most women, peach blossom is an economical and convenient beauty product. May every woman who loves beauty be healthy and moist, "like a peach blossom". And lose weight.

4, hydrating skin to resist computer radiation: 4 grams of dried peach blossoms (sold in dry flower shops and shops selling aromatherapy, if you can collect peach blossoms from the southeast branch on the third day of the third lunar month, the effect will be better), 5 grams of wax gourd kernels and 3 grams of poplar bark. Put these three things into the cup every month, brew them with boiling water, cover them, and drink them after 10 minutes, which can be brewed 3~4 times a day. This kind of tea can remove dark spots and whiten skin, but it is forbidden for pregnant women and those with excessive menstruation.

The exposition of famous scholars

"Outline": "Peach blossoms reduce sexual activity and benefit the large intestine quickly. If it is used to treat qi deficiency, it will cause edema, stagnation and obstruction of urination and defecation, which is active and harmless. If you take it for a long time, it will consume yin and blood and damage your vitality. "

draw

National compilation of Chinese herbal medicines