Second, the technical points:
(1) seed treatment: soaking seeds in 0. 1% potassium permanganate solution for 20-30 minutes or soaking seeds in 10% trisodium phosphate solution for 20-30 minutes can effectively kill viruses and germs on the surface of seeds and prevent diseases.
(2) Seedbed preparation: the seedbed should be selected in a plot with high terrain, ventilation and light transmission, and no solanaceae vegetables are planted. The width of seedbed is 1.2m, and the length depends on the planting area. Fertilization is mainly based on organic fertilizer, with little or no chemical fertilizer. In order to prevent the soil from carrying bacteria, the seedbed soil was treated with carbendazim, Miaojunling or Dixon. In order to prevent and control underground pests, the seedbed can be sprayed with mixed zinc solution or covered with soil.
(3) Sowing: soak the seedbed before sowing, and prepare for sowing after underwater infiltration. Generally, an acre needs 50 grams of pepper seeds and a seedbed of 8- 10 square meter. After sowing, the covering thickness is 1 cm.
(4) Seedling management: the seedling needs high temperature, 28-30℃ during the day and 20-23℃ at night. After digging, the temperature is reduced, 25-28℃ during the day and 16- 18℃ at night. Attention should be paid to the prevention of damping-off disease, epidemic disease and virus disease at seedling stage, and drugs such as carbendazim, thiophanate and chlorhexidine can be selected.
Third, soil preparation and fertilization
In pepper planting, base fertilizer and organic fertilizer should be re-applied, and 3-5 cubic meters of high-quality decomposed farmyard manure should be applied per mu, and soil testing formula fertilizer 160 kg. Deep raking, according to 1.5m, opening the warehouse and ridging, with the ridge height of 15-20cm and the ridge width of 60cm, and covering the ridge with plastic film. Black film is better than white film. Watering should be done in time after film mulching, one is to uncover the film against wind, and the other is to determine the planting line to facilitate seedling cultivation.
Fourth, the management of colonization and post-colonization.
When the seedlings grow to 7-8 leaves, they should be planted in time, one ridge and two rows, and the planting height should not be high or low, and should be planted according to the planting line. Generally, about 3000 plants are planted per mu, and the early planting can be appropriately sparse, and the wheat stubble planting should not exceed 4000 plants. After planting, water the roots.
If the weather is dry after planting, it can be watered two days later to ensure the survival of seedlings. In the future, give priority to intertillage and loosen the soil, and increase watering after the door pepper is seated. Combined with watering, topdressing began, and potassium sulfate compound fertilizer 10 kg was applied per mu. When the demand for water and fertilizer increases in the full fruit season, the watering frequency should be increased, and the potassium sulfate ternary compound fertilizer should be per mu 15 kg, and flooding is prohibited.
Verb (abbreviation for verb) Plant regulation
1, plastic surgery
Bright green hybrid pepper belongs to infinite branching type. When the plant grows to a certain period, there are pepper buds at the tip of the stem and a large number of lateral branches germinate. The lateral branches grow at the same time as the main branches. Because the main branches grow and develop early, the flower buds differentiate first, the lateral branches differentiate late, and the flowering and fruiting are late, so single stem shaping is adopted. When Zanthoxylum bungeanum blooms, the lateral buds under the branches of Zanthoxylum bungeanum germinate one after another. In order to ensure the growth of main branches, lateral buds should be erased in time and single trunk trees should be cultivated.
2, sparse leaves:
Before the first batch of pepper fruits are hung together, if the plants grow vigorously, there will be side branches sprouting, so it is necessary to wipe the side branches again, that is, remove the side branches. After the fruit begins to ripen and turn red, because there are many fruits, the inner chamber is shaded. In order to improve the ventilation and light transmission conditions of the inner chamber, reduce pests and diseases, and promote good fruit coloring, it is necessary to remove the foot leaves and old leaves in the inner chamber.
Step 3 trim
If the planting density of pepper is high, the spacing is small, the branches and leaves are too dense to shade, and the ventilation and light transmission are poor, it will easily lead to diseases, affect photosynthetic efficiency and poor growth. Two short leaves can be left above the third and fourth branches, and the branches can be cut off alternately or appropriately. The amount of pruning and the node position depend on the specific situation.
4. Flower and fruit thinning and nutrition regulation: Pepper blooms earlier, and flower bud differentiation begins when there are 4 true leaves, and can bloom when there are 9- 10 leaves, and flower bud differentiation and nutrition growth are carried out at the same time. Especially in the early stage of flowering and fruiting, the contradiction between vegetative growth and reproductive growth is prominent and must be adjusted by means of nutritional regulation.
Step 5 pick red peppers
Pepper is an infinite growth type, which lasts for half a year from 4- 1 1 month in Zitong area. Picking chili red in time after it is ripe, and picking with the red can realize the simultaneous flowering and fruiting, thus increasing the number of flowering and fruiting and improving the overall yield.
Six, pest control
Diseases: Common diseases include damping-off disease, pepper blight, virus disease, defoliation, soft rot, anthracnose and so on. Rhizoctonia solani and epidemic diseases are easy to cause dead trees, and virus diseases are easy to cause yellow leaves to curl and dwarf. Deciduous leaf disease is a comprehensive symptom of many leaf diseases, such as gray spot disease, brown spot disease and white star disease. Soft rot and anthracnose mainly occur in fruits, which are easy to cause rotten fruits (tiger skin fruits).
Prevention and control methods:
(1) Soft rot: pay attention to spraying agricultural streptomycin, neophytomycin, galenon, etc. After entering the fruiting period.
(2) Anthracnose: It is a fungal disease. After entering the fruiting period, attention should be paid to spraying magnesium anthrax and thiophanate-methyl.
(3) Viral diseases: prevention is the main method, and antiviral 1 is used to add Huimanfeng, Kangdufeng or Phytophthora plus Tianfengsu when the disease occurs.
(4) Epidemic disease: Flooding and waterlogging in the field are easy to cause diseases. Avoid flooding in production and drain water in time after rain. Prevention is the main method. At the onset of the disease, copper fungicides such as thorn, ethyl manganese and chlorhexidine are used for continuous prevention and treatment for 2-3 times, and roots are irrigated at the same time. When the diseased plants are found, the ground should be pulled out in time, and watering should be controlled at the high incidence stage of the disease.
Seven, timely harvesting
If the price of green pepper is right, it should be harvested in time, so that the harvest result is correct and high yield and efficiency can be obtained. When the peppers turn red, harvest them early, but harvest them too late. First, the dehydration of pepper affects the yield, and second, it is easy to cause rotten fruit in case of rain.