Eucommia ulmoides Oliv It is a deciduous tree of Eucommiaceae, native to central and western China, and also cultivated in North China. Eucommia ulmoides Oliv Beautiful tree, straight stem, is a good street tree and shade tree. It is worth popularizing and applying in landscaping. The cultivation management techniques are introduced below for reference only. Morphological characteristics and ecological habits of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. It is 20 meters high, with spherical crown, smooth branchlets, flaky pith, oval leaves, conical top, round or wide wedge-shaped base, serrated leaf margin, and narrow oval and flat samara. After branches, leaves, fruits and skins are broken, there are white filaments. In April, the fruit 10 ~ 1 10 matured. Eucommia ulmoides Oliv Likes light, grows poorly in the shade, likes warm climate, but has strong cold tolerance, and can safely overwinter in Beijing and the south. It likes humid environment, is also resistant to drought and water accumulation, and is not strict with soil requirements. It can grow normally in acidic, neutral and slightly alkaline soil, and it can grow normally in mild saline-alkali soil with pH value of 8.7 and salt content of 0. 15%. It likes fertilizer but is not very poor. Water and fertilizer management Du Xi Zhong likes humid environment. When planting, the first three waters should be watered well, and the last three waters can be watered once a month. July and August are abundant periods of precipitation, so there is no need to water or water less. After the heavy rain, it is necessary to eliminate the water in the tree hole in time. After each watering, loosen the soil and moisturize it in time. At the end of June 1 1, pour enough antifreeze water, and at the beginning of March of the following year, pour green water in time. The remaining water can be watered according to the method of the first year. In the third year, water as in the second year. After the third year, water green water and frozen water every year, and water according to the weather at ordinary times. In a particularly dry year, it is necessary to water more properly, which is beneficial to the growth of plants, even big trees. Eucommia ulmoides likes fertilizer. When planting, apply farmyard manure as base fertilizer, and apply some urea in early May. At the end of autumn, some semi-mature ring fertilizer should be applied with frozen water. This time, the amount of fertilization should be large and shallow. In the second spring, nitrogen fertilizer was applied in late April, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer were applied in mid-July, and farmyard manure was applied with frozen water in late autumn. Only dry chicken manure or sesame sauce residue needs to be applied once every autumn in the third year and thereafter. Common diseases in Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. Common diseases include branch blight, brown spot and leaf blight. Symptoms of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. Branch blight: This disease mostly occurs on the lateral branches of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. At first, it was a top infection, and then it gradually spread to the base. The cortex of diseased branches changed from gray to reddish brown, and there were particles under the cortex of diseased branches in the later stage. When the diseased part develops into a ring, it will lead to the death of branches. The onset began in April-June, and the peak period was July-August. Prevention and control methods: strengthen water and fertilizer management, promote healthy growth of plants and prevent wounds; Cut off diseased dead branches and apply Bordeaux solution at the cut; In case of diseases, 500-fold solution of 65% zineb wettable powder or 600-fold solution of 70% thiophanate-methyl can be sprayed every 7 days 1 time, and continuous spraying for three or four times can effectively control diseases. Symptoms of Eucommia ulmoides Brown Spot: The disease mainly harms Eucommia ulmoides leaves. At the beginning of the disease, the spots are yellowish brown, which can be expanded into reddish-brown oval spots with the development of the disease. There is an obvious edge between the lesion and the healthy part, and light black particles will be attached to the lesion in the later stage of the disease. The onset began in early April to mid-May, and the peak period was July to August. Prevention and control methods: strengthen water and fertilizer management, pay attention to nutritional balance, and do not unilaterally apply nitrogen fertilizer; Pay attention to ventilation and light transmission, and cut off too dense branches in time; In case of diseases, spraying 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder 1000 times or 500% carbendazim wettable powder 1 times every 7 days for three or four times continuously can effectively control diseases. Symptoms of leaf blight: The disease mainly harms Eucommia ulmoides leaves. At the early stage of the disease, light brown circular spots appeared on the leaves, and with the development of the disease, the spots continued to expand, covering the whole leaves. The edge of the lesion is brown and the middle is grayish white. In severe cases, the leaves are perforated, which eventually leads to the death of the leaves. Prevention and control methods: clean up litter in time in late autumn, burn it centrally or bury it deeply to reduce disease pollution; Spraying 500-fold solution of 65% zineb wettable powder or 800-fold solution of 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder every 7 days to 10 day at the initial stage of the disease for two or three times continuously can effectively control the disease. Common pests common pests that harm Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. Mainly include: stinkbug with tea wings, Ginkgo moth, mole cricket, green leafhopper, grasshopper, etc. In the event of stinkbug with tea wings, 3000 times of Huixinjing or 3000 times of 3% hypertonic fenoxycarb EC can be sprayed during the nymph stage; If there is a ginkgo moth, the adult can be induced to death by black light, and the larvae can be killed by spraying Bacillus thuringiensis with 65.438+100 million spores/ml, and the undifferentiated larvae before the third instar can be sprayed with 20% diflubenzuron suspension for 7000 times. If there are moles, you can use black light to trap and kill adults, or use bait to trap and kill adults; If the green leafhopper occurs, it can be killed with 25% chlorpyrifos wettable powder 1000 times solution; If a large number of locusts occur, 48% Lesburn EC can be sprayed 3500 times to kill them. Propagation method of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. Include sowing, cuttage, high-altitude layering, rooting and so on. Sowing and cutting are the most commonly used. When sowing in autumn, choose plants with straight trunk, straight crown and no pests and diseases as mother plants. After the seeds are harvested, store them in clean cloth bags and put them in a ventilated and cool place. At the beginning of April of the following year, the seeds were soaked in warm water at 45℃ for 48 hours, and then planted. The method of drilling is adopted, with 5 kg of seeds per mu, 25 cm of row spacing and 4 cm of ditch depth. Immediately after sowing, cover the soil, lightly irrigate and cover the grass with moisture, and the seedlings can emerge in about 25 days. After emergence, remove the plastic film, weed when the seedling height is 5 cm, sow in cloudy days when 10 cm, and keep the spacing between plants 8 cm. At the seedling stage, urea can be applied once before July and watered in time according to the soil conditions to keep the maximum water content in the soil. Drain the accumulated water in the nursery in time after the heavy rain to prevent the accumulated water from rotting roots. Pour antifreeze water before winter. When the height of the seedlings reaches 80 cm to 120 cm, they will be transplanted from the nursery. Cutting in late March, annual branches are used as cuttings of well-growing plants. The cutting length is 12cm ~ 15cm, the lower end of the cutting is cut into horseshoe shape, the row spacing is 20 cm× 10 cm, and the insertion depth is about 7 cm. After the insertion, water it in time, then water it every three or four days, and it will take root in about 20 days. After one year of cultivation, it can be transplanted. Eucommia ulmoides pruning and shaping. There are natural crown shapes and natural happiness shapes commonly used in gardens. Natural crown shape means that when the top of the plant grows new branches after drying, the small branches that are too dense are thinned out, and the rest are kept, so that they can grow naturally to form main branches. For the lateral branches, only the dense branches and thin branches are thinned, and the rest branches are kept to let them grow naturally. In this way, a natural circular crown shape can be formed after three or four years. Natural happiness is to choose three or four branches that are thick and evenly distributed and have a certain angle with the trunk as the main branch for culture, and all the other branches are thinned out. In the future, each main branch should cultivate two or three side branches, cut short side branches in late autumn and cultivate secondary side branches. After the basic tree is formed, pests, drooping branches, cross branches and over-dense branches can be thinned out in time.