2 Variety selection and planting techniques
Select extremely early-maturing and early-maturing varieties Jingya, Jingxiu, Jing Yao and 87- 1 for reasonable close planting. The plant spacing is 0.8m×1.5m. Before planting, a planting ditch with a depth of 0.8m and a width of 0.8m is dug in the north-south direction, and the bottom of the ditch is filled with weeds or straws with a thickness of about 20cm, and then part of the subsoil is backfilled. Then, the topsoil is fully mixed with organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer, backfilled and watered. Generally, 5000 kilograms of high-quality chicken manure and 40 kilograms of compound fertilizer are applied every 666.7 square meters. Dig a hole to plant. Before planting, cut off a part of the roots of the seedlings, soak them in clear water for about 15 hours to make the seedlings fully absorb water, and then immerse them in the prepared rooting powder mud. When planting, make the roots spread around, fill the soil, water it, and cover it with plastic film after intertillage to raise the ground temperature and conserve water.
3 Plant management after planting
After planting, it is necessary to wipe buds carefully in time to prevent and control pests and diseases and promote the healthy growth of seedlings. Single-arm single-layer horizontal pruning is adopted, which is easy to manage and update. 1 year, l robust new shoots remain as main vines and are vertically tied on the frame surface. When the length is 1.7m, leave the top 1-2 auxiliary branches and repeat 5-6 leaves. Leave 1-2 leaves for the remaining secondary branches, control the thickening, promote the flower bud differentiation, and make the thickness of the main vine reach L- 1.5 cm when cutting leaves in winter. Before winter, cut off the main vine at the front end of L-2 secondary branches, leaving the length of 1.5 m, and cut off all the other secondary branches from the base.
4. Post-tent management
It is more appropriate to buckle the grape shed in the first half of February. After buckling the shed, it can be unearthed, but it is not in a hurry to put it on the shelves. After I close the shed, the main vine will be tied to the first wire horizontally and northward, and a new bearing branch will be left on the main vine every 15 cm. The sprouted new shoots will be tied vertically upwards, and the core will be picked 3-5 days before flowering. Generally, it is better to pick 6-8 leaves above the inflorescence and leave 4-4 leaves at the top. The remaining 1-2 leaves were cored, and all the buds between the axils of leaves were removed, topped to stop their growth, and the rest were smoothed. Only at the corner of the main vine, leave a robust bud under the first iron wire to prepare the main vine, which will not only bear fruit, but also give it enough space, and shape it according to the method of selecting the main vine when planting. In winter, we should start cutting from the top of the prepared main vine, replace the original main vine with the prepared main vine 1.5 m, and then repeat it year by year.
5 Fertilizer and water management
Apply base fertilizer at the beginning of September every year. Apply 3000 kg of high-quality chicken manure, 0/500 kg of ring fertilizer/KLOC and 30 kg of compound fertilizer every 666.7 square meters; Before germination, 35 kilograms of urea was applied every 666.7 square meters; Top-dressing special compound fertilizer twice in the period of young fruit expansion and long-term growth of new shoots, with 50 kg per 666.7 square meters; During the coloring period, 25 kilograms of potassium sulfate and 25 kilograms of diammonium phosphate were applied every 666.7 square meters, except for watering grapes 1 time, watering after each fertilization, and then cultivating; Especially after being treated with seedless agent and swelling agent, the water supply of plants should be fully satisfied, but don't water them at flowering stage. At the same time, combined with spraying, 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate or photosynthetic micro-fertilizer was sprayed on the leaves every 15 days.
6 temperature and humidity management
The greenhouse is sealed 1 week, and the temperature is controlled at about 20℃ during the day, not exceeding 25℃, and the greenhouse temperature is about 2-5℃ at night, and the humidity is kept above 90%. The whole heating process should not be too urgent, but should be gradual to prevent irregular germination. The temperature from germination to inflorescence elongation is 22-28℃ and the humidity is about 80%. During flowering, the temperature should be controlled at 25-30℃. During this period, outdoor air should be increased. On sunny days, the tuyere should be opened at around 9 am and closed at around 5 pm, and the humidity should be kept at around 60%. From fruit setting to ripening, the daytime temperature is controlled at 25-28℃, and the ventilation rate is gradually increased. When the temperature is stable at 18℃, the skirt film can be removed first, and the top film can be removed in about half a month.
7 Treatment of seedless agent and expansion agent
Using the technology of high-quality grape fruit agents (a5- 1, a5-2, b-3) and puffing agents developed and produced by the Basic College of China Agricultural University can increase the fruit size by 20%-50%. The seedless rate is above 95%, the sugar content is increased, and the quality is excellent.
1) Dip the ear before flowering. 3-5 days before flowering, individual plants in the shed have seen flowers, and the color of most flower spikes has changed from green to yellow-green. When the secondary ear on the flower spike has been completely separated, pour 0.3g a5-2 into 20kg of clean water every 666.7m2, then pour15ma5-1into the water solution and stir, and put the liquid medicine into a plastic jar.
2) About 5 days after flowering, when the corolla of the grape has completely fallen off and the young fruit is slightly smaller than mung bean, pour 200 ml of B-3 into 20kg of water, stir well and dip the ear (666.7m2). When the ear of fruit grows out, put the potion in a larger container to make sure that all the fruit grains are stuck with the potion.
3) Dilute the stock solution of the swelling agent to 65,438+000 times of the solution, and dip the ear at 65,438+20 days after flowering. At this time, you can spray it with a small hand-held sprayer, but you must spray the liquid medicine evenly on all the fruit grains to avoid the uncolored green grains on the ear when harvesting.
8 inflorescence and ear management
1) According to the size of the spike and the nutritional status of the branches, when the inflorescence branches are separated, pinch off the secondary spike and spike tip, appropriately remove the upper secondary spike, pinch off the spike main axis 1/4- 1/3 from the tip, pinch off the spike tip with long branches, and keep the whole spike 10-65433.
2) Bagging. After the seedless agent and swelling agent are treated, the ear is pruned, evenly and carefully sprayed with bactericide, and then bagged. Half a month before the fruit is harvested, it should be spread from the bottom of the fruit bag, and all the fruits should be picked on cloudy days or in the afternoon before the fruit is harvested 1 week to promote the fruit coloring.
9 pest control
Generally speaking, the pests and diseases of greenhouse grapes are relatively light, and prevention is the main thing. Before the greenhouse is closed, combined with the garden clearing, spray 3-5 degrees of sulfur mixture with 200 times of sodium pentachlorophenol purifying agent, spray 5 degrees of sulfur mixture once after the greenhouse is closed and before germination, and spray chlorothalonil, thiophanate methyl, Sheng Da m-45 and carbendazim alternately every 10- 15 days during the growing period.