Cultivation method of cinnabar orange
water-supply system
Because of the small size of the basin and the limited soil, the soil moisture is easily affected by the surrounding environment. In order to keep the balance of soil moisture, we should pay close attention to the water content in the basin. If the clay particles 3cm below the basin surface are pale white, it means that the water is insufficient and should be supplemented. The root system is weak in spring, so the soil moisture should not be too large; There should be more and more water supply in early summer; The high temperature in summer and autumn is also the water demand period of fruits, so potted oranges should be watered over the bottom to reduce soil temperature, protect roots and regulate tree temperature; Water supply should be reduced when the fruit is ripe; No irrigation during flower bud differentiation. The general principle is: hydrophobic and breathable, dry is better than wet? For the waterlogging on the basin surface after several days of continuous rainfall, the drainage holes at the basin bottom should be dredged in time, and irrigation and sprinkling should be flexibly controlled according to various conditions, twice a day on sunny days and three times when the temperature is high and the evaporation is large. In addition, citrus production needs a certain air humidity. When the air is dry, the branches and leaves should be sprayed with water 1~3 times to improve the air humidity.
Fertilizer management
Potted cinnabar orange pots have limited volume and dense roots. Improper fertilization is easy to cause fertilizer damage. We must pay attention to the combination of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer, slow-acting fertilizer and quick-acting fertilizer, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium and other trace elements, dry application and water application, and diligent application and thin application.
Fertilization of Potted Fruitless Citrus
On the basis of N, combined with P and K fertilizers, on the basis of applying sufficient basic fertilizers in the upper basin and the heel basin, dry soybean skin powder 10~20g was applied 20 days before the shoot heading, and 1 times quick-acting fertilizer was applied before the shoot heading, at the jointing stage of the shoot heading and when the leaves turned green.
Fertilization of potted oranges (including potted oranges for next year)
Taking the fertilization amount of 3-year-old cinnabar orange in a 40cm pot as an example, the key application (dry application of dry bean skin powder) was combined with regular application of thin water and fertilizer in five main periods.
Key points of fertilization in the main stage: ① Before and after the mother branch matures, apply 25~35g peanut bran to the plant, and add appropriate amount of P and K fertilizers. ② Flower-promoting fertilizer: apply peanut bran 10~25g water fertilizer when the buds turn white. ③ General plants were applied with 10~25g peanut bran. This time, we should carefully apply nitrogen fertilizer, and apply pure nitrogen fertilizer to strong trees and few fruits. (4) When the young fruit is the size of soybean, after the second physiological fruit drop, apply 10~25g peanut bran to strengthen the fruit. ⑤ Apply 20~30g of peanut bran as fertilizer in August to promote germination and strong fruit. Water and fertilizer should be supplemented at intervals of the above key fertilizers. The water and fertilizer can be 10%~20% human excrement and urine, 0.4% urea solution or 10% decomposed bran water (every half month 1 time), but after the water and fertilizer application, the leaves should be slightly sprinkled with water to wash off the fertilizer stuck to the leaves. Commonly used trace elements such as urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, calcium superphosphate, decomposed human excrement and urine, plant ash, etc., should be applied outside the root when the air humidity is high.
Plastic trimming
There are mainly short cutting, bud control and thinning. First, it will be carried out 10~20 days before shooting. Only the terminal buds were cut off in the current year, leaving10 ~15 cm; Second, before the spring buds germinate, the plants that are not arranged to bear fruit in winter and spring are pruned again and again for weak branches, and sometimes they can be pruned again to the lower branches last year or the year before last. Shooting control refers to manually erasing shoots below 3cm, sporadic buds and early buds to promote the flowering of new shoots. Thinning branches means cutting off dense branches, dead branches, insect pests and residual branches, so that the crown density is reasonable, the branches are evenly distributed, the illumination is improved, the pests and diseases are reduced, and the fruit quality is improved.
Morphological characteristics of sand orange
branch
Cinnabar orange is an evergreen shrub or small tree. The leaves are oval with sharp ends. The fruit is oblate or round, an ancient variety in southern China. Young trees are upright, strong, tall and have a round crown. The big branches are open, the middle branches are generally spineless.
leaf
The leaves of vermilion orange are oval, about 4.6 ~ 6.7 cm long, about 2. 1 ~ 3.6 cm wide and about 1.8 ~ 2.2 times wide. Small wings, short petiole and inconspicuous veins. The leaf margin is shallow or entire, and the tip is dull or slightly concave. The new leaves are light green and the old leaves are dark green.
flower
Zhusha orange blooms/kloc-0 times a year, and the flowering period starts in the first month and ends before Tomb-Sweeping Day. Flowers are small, yellow and white, fragrant, solitary or 2 ~ 3 flowers clustered in leaf axils.
fruit
The young fruit of cinnabar orange is green, and when 10 ~ 12 matures, it becomes vermilion, and the fruit is larger than that of Siji orange. The fruit is flat and round, with a small navel at the top, which is concave. The surface of the fruit is rough, the oil cells are large and prominent or thin and concave, and the peel is soft and easy to peel. The pulp sac is kidney-shaped, with petals 9 ~ 10. The juice is big and the core is empty. The pulp is edible, sweet and sour, soft and residue, and has an odor. Function and application of cinnabar orange