Decoration pollution for the general owners, just stay in the smell, the real decoration pollution has many contents and forms.
First, light pollution.
Light pollution is generally divided into three categories in the world, namely white light pollution, artificial sunlight pollution and colored light pollution.
White pollution When the sun is strong, the glass curtain wall, glazed tile wall, polished marble and various paints of buildings in the city reflect light, which is bright and dazzling. Experts have found that people who work and live in an environment polluted by white light for a long time will suffer different degrees of damage to their retina and iris, and their vision will drop sharply. The incidence of cataract is as high as 45%. It can also make people dizzy and upset, and even cause insomnia, loss of appetite, depression, physical weakness and other similar symptoms of neurasthenia.
In summer, the strong reflected light from the glass curtain wall enters the nearby residential buildings, which raises the indoor temperature and affects normal life. Some glass curtain walls are semi-circular, and the convergence of reflected light is easy to cause fire. Drivers driving in the hot sun will suddenly be attacked by the reflected light from the glass curtain wall, and their eyes will be strongly stimulated, which is prone to car accidents. After the arrival of artificial day and night, the advertising lights and neon lights in shopping malls and hotels are dazzling. Some intense light beams even go straight into the sky, making night like day, which is called artificial day. In such a "city that never sleeps", it is difficult to fall asleep at night, which disturbs the normal biological clock of the human body and leads to low work efficiency during the day. Artificial sunlight can also harm birds and insects, and strong light may destroy the normal reproduction process of insects at night.
Color light pollution The black lights, rotating lights, fluorescent lights and flashing color light sources installed in dance halls and nightclubs constitute color light pollution. According to the measurement, the intensity of ultraviolet rays produced by black light is much higher than that in sunlight, and the harmful effects on human body last for a long time. If people receive this radiation for a long time, they will cause nosebleeds, tooth loss, cataracts, even leukemia and other cancers. The dazzling color light source is not only bad for the eyes, but also interferes with the central nervous system of the brain, making people dizzy, causing nausea, vomiting, insomnia and other symptoms. The latest research by scientists shows that colored light pollution not only damages people's physiological functions, but also affects people's mental health.
Professor Li Jingjing from the Institute of Architectural Physics of China Academy of Building Research said that China has drafted a regulation on urban glass curtain wall, which is being submitted to the Ministry of Construction for approval and implementation. There are strict and unified technical standards for the scope of use, design, manufacture and installation of glass curtain walls. People generally began to pay attention to prevent possible light pollution. Last year, Beijing rejected more than 30 designs of glass curtain walls, and cities such as Shanghai and Nanjing also imposed restrictions on the design and construction of high-rise buildings to prevent new light pollution.
Solution: Designers often use a lot of lights in decoration to improve the indoor effect, which leads to a misleading way. People see more indoor beauty but ignore it. Therefore, when the owner listens to the designer's way, if the designer makes the corresponding renderings, don't show too many light paths on the drawings except the necessary TV wall lamps and other necessary light sources. At the same time, there is no compensation for light pollution in various laws and regulations in China, so this problem must be solved before decoration.
Second, sound pollution.
This kind of pollution is common in many renovations. Designers will design exquisite renderings according to their own ideas and understanding of the owners. But for an effective ceiling and wall covering, it is easy to produce a shape similar to the echo wall of the Temple of Heaven in later life, that is, it will produce echoes, * * * sounds and low-frequency sound waves.
Harm of sound pollution: A noisy family environment is harmful to the brains of adults and children. The results show that continuous noise will put pressure on the baby's brain and affect the baby's ability to distinguish sounds in the future. The results of this study can be used to explain why the confusion in language learning has been increasing in recent decades. Modern families are usually full of and surrounded by a series of noises, which come from televisions, radios, washing machines, refrigerators, cars, airplanes and so on. What is most relevant to the family is the neglected sound echo in the decoration process.
Scientists from the University of California believe that the sensitive brain nerves of babies who grow up in the above environment will be destroyed by environmental noise during their development. Scientists also put mice in an environment that produces moderate noise for observation and experiment.
The experimental results show that the noise environment will affect the development of children's listening and language ability. In addition, compared with humans, once mice with delayed brain development leave the noisy environment, their brain development may catch up with humans. Now, scientists are preparing to investigate whether people with mental retardation are more sensitive to noise. Scientist Edward? Shang said: "If we know in advance that a mentally retarded child is sensitive to noise, we can constantly enrich the child's experience of sound, thus cultivating his more normal hearing and language skills.
Solution: The problem also lies with the designer, and the owner must explain the existing furniture and furniture appliances that may be purchased in his home.
Third, color pollution.
According to the statistics of the World Health Organization, depression has become the fourth largest disease in the world, and the number of people suffering from psychological diseases such as obsessive-compulsive disorder, anxiety disorder and phobia is increasing almost every year. With the increasingly fierce social competition and the increasing pressure of work and life, as many as 70% of the urban population in China is already in a sub-health state. In order to effectively relieve psychological stress, in addition to conventional mental health therapy, experts recently put forward a new concept, that is, "color power" determines "health power", that is, the influence of color on mental health can not be ignored.
In daily life, color is everywhere. Color is an important factor to convey information visually, which can express emotions and bring people different emotions, spirits and actions. Proper modulation and application of colors can add unparalleled aesthetic feeling to people's living environment and effectively relieve physical fatigue and psychological pressure. Ms. Yu Ximan, the founder of China color consulting industry, pointed out, "In recent years, people have paid more and more attention to health. Faced with different life pressures and work pressures, people are exhausted physically and mentally, but people don't know how to adjust various pressures. Color plays this role to some extent. The visual psychological function brought by color is influenced by the age, personality, experience, nationality, region, environment, culture, accomplishment and many other factors of the thinker. A person's psychological and physiological feelings will be different in different color environments. " From their own clothes to the working environment, from office furniture to office equipment and other details, office workers learn to appreciate colors and cultivate their own color awareness and environmental aesthetics, which will undoubtedly have a positive impact on the adjustment of psychological pressure.
Self-experimental method of "color home";
Pink: the best interpretation of tenderness. This mixed red and white color is very clear and bright. Pink means "gentle as water". Experiments show that if angry people look at pink, their mood will calm down quickly, because pink can reduce the secretion of adrenal hormones, thus stabilizing their mood. People with autism and mental depression may wish to contact pink frequently.
Blue: an imaginative color, but also a serious color, which can hide the shortcomings of other colors to some extent and is a convenient color to match. Blue has the function of regulating nerves and calming nerves. Blue light has obvious effects on treating insomnia, lowering blood pressure and preventing colds. Blue has an auxiliary therapeutic effect on lung diseases and large intestine diseases. However, people with mental weakness and depression should not touch blue, otherwise it will aggravate the condition.
Green: a stable and comfortable color, which has the functions of calming the nerves, reducing intraocular pressure, relieving eye fatigue and improving muscle movement ability. Natural green also has a certain effect on syncope, fatigue, nausea and negative emotions. But being in a green environment for a long time is easy to make people feel cold and cheerless, which affects the secretion of gastric juice and loss of appetite.
Solution: Use light colors as much as possible, and the color matching must conform to the corresponding regulations of colors. The color application of some special wall materials can be bold, but it can only be used locally.
Fourth, gas pollution.
formaldehyde
◎ Properties of formaldehyde: colorless and soluble irritating gas, which can be absorbed by respiratory tract, and its aqueous solution "formalin" can be absorbed by digestive tract.
◎ Harm of formaldehyde: Long-term exposure to low-dose formaldehyde can cause chronic respiratory diseases, menstrual disorders in women, pregnancy syndrome, physical decline of newborns, chromosomal abnormalities, and even nasopharyngeal carcinoma. High concentration of formaldehyde is toxic to nervous system, immune system and liver. Formaldehyde also has teratogenic and carcinogenic effects. People who have been exposed to formaldehyde for a long time may cause cancer of nasal cavity, oral cavity, nasopharynx, throat, skin and digestive tract.
Method for removing formaldehyde
1. Ventilation in addition to formaldehyde: Through the circulation of indoor air, the content of harmful substances in indoor air can be reduced, thus reducing the harm of such substances to human body. People often close doors and windows in winter, so the indoor and outdoor air can't circulate. Not only the content of formaldehyde in indoor air will increase, but also radon gas will accumulate continuously, even reaching a very high concentration. (Recommended: * * *)
2. Activated carbon adsorption method
Activated carbon is an internationally recognized expert on drug abuse. Activated carbon masks and gas masks are made of activated carbon. The product uses the physical function of activated carbon to deodorize and detoxify; No chemical additives, no influence on human body. Put two or three dishes in each room, and 72 hours can basically eliminate indoor odor. This method can be used for medium and low pollution, and can also be combined with other chemical methods to achieve better comprehensive control effect (recommended brand-name product: Happy Forest Activated Carbon * * * *).
3. Tuzhao: 300g black tea is soaked in two washbasins, put into the living room, and open the window for ventilation. Within 48 hours, the indoor formaldehyde content decreased by more than 90%, and the pungent smell was basically eliminated. (Recommended * * *)
4. Plant deodorization method
Plant decontamination can be selected for medium and low pollution: generally, indoor environmental pollution is light and moderate, and the pollution value is less than 3 times of the national standard. Using plants to decontaminate can achieve better results.
Choose and place plants according to different functions and areas of the room. Generally speaking, it is more appropriate to put two pots of plants with a height of 10 square meter in a room with a height of10 meter. (Recommended: Dictyophora dictyophora, Dictyophora macrophylla * * *)
5. Chemical removal of formaldehyde
1. Spray and other drugs are easy to cause secondary pollution, which may damage furniture, while activated carbon is physically adsorbed, which is safe and harmless to human body and has mildew-proof and anti-corrosion effects on furniture.
2. Advocate one-time removal (experts question it, which is not credible). The release of toxic gases at home is a slow process, so if it is removed today, it will smell again in a few days, and the price is not low.
3. The products are too miscellaneous to distinguish clearly. Although many products that control formaldehyde are under the banner of "high technology" and "environmental protection", they use some inferior chemical synthetic substances. Although these products can eliminate formaldehyde to a certain extent, they may also produce other pollutants again, leading to secondary pollution. Therefore, consumers must be vigilant when purchasing formaldehyde control products. For example, chemical air treatment products are obtained by artificial synthesis, many of which are aromatic compounds. Almost all aromatic compounds contain benzene ring compounds that have been proved or suspected to be carcinogens. In addition, many chemical products are oxidizing and corrosive, which are easy to damage utensils, as well as operators and residents. When the coating is aging and the weather is hot and humid, the coating is easily damaged, releasing harmful substances such as formaldehyde, which becomes a hidden "time bomb" in the family. (Suggestion: * *)
In fact, most of the products sold in the building materials market to prevent decoration pollution and remove formaldehyde are' surface sealing agents' rather than' decomposition agents', and formaldehyde can only be temporarily wrapped in release sources such as plates, which is simply a' time bomb'. Recently, Dai Liquan, deputy director of the Market Working Committee of China Health Care Association, warned consumers to choose related products carefully in response to decoration pollution.
According to the survey results of China Interior Decoration Association, at present, 80% decorated families in cities and towns in China have the problem of formaldehyde exceeding the standard. On the eve of March 15, 2005, China Consumers Association announced that indoor environmental pollution complaints accounted for 42.6% of the total complaints about decoration problems in 2004. Correspondingly, in the checkout counters of many building materials stores, all kinds of packaging in Chinese and foreign languages, formaldehyde spray, capture agent, decomposition agent and other decoration pollution control products can be seen everywhere, and consumers can take them at will while waiting for payment.
Announcement number. 153 issued by the world health organization in 2004 confirmed that formaldehyde is carcinogenic and listed as a highly toxic chemical by the state, which will strongly stimulate the eyes, skin and respiratory mucosa, and eventually lead to abnormal immune function, liver damage and nervous system damage, and then lead to fetal malformation, leukemia, chronic respiratory diseases, female menstrual disorders, acute depression, nasopharyngeal carcinoma and other diseases. Generally, it comes from adhesives widely used in wood-based panels, furniture, plastic wallpaper and coatings. Once home improvement furniture is heated and damp, formaldehyde will volatilize from these materials.
benzene
Benzene is a colorless liquid with a special aromatic smell. It is miscible with alcohol, ether, acetone and carbon tetrachloride and slightly soluble in water. Benzene is volatile and flammable, and its vapor is explosive. Frequent exposure to benzene can make the skin dry and desquamate due to degreasing, and allergic eczema appears in some cases. Long-term inhalation of benzene can cause aplastic anemia.
Benzene mainly comes from chemical raw materials, such as coatings, which are widely used in architectural decoration. During the film-forming and curing process of coatings, volatile components such as formaldehyde and benzene will be released from coatings, causing pollution.
Total volatile organic compounds (TVOC)
The components of TVOC are extremely complex, including benzene, toluene, xylene, trichloroethylene, chloroform, naphthalene, diisocyanate and so on. Are common, mainly from various paints, adhesives and various artificial materials.
TVOC can smell, showing toxicity and irritation, and some compounds are genotoxic. TVOC can cause immune disorder, affect the function of central nervous system, and cause consciousness symptoms such as dizziness, headache, drowsiness, weakness and chest tightness. It may also affect the digestive system, leading to loss of appetite and nausea. Even damage the liver and hematopoietic system, leading to allergic reactions.
Misunderstanding of decoration pollution
Misunderstanding 1 vinegar fumigation ※
Some consumers try to fumigate vinegar after home decoration to remove odor. Experts pointed out that vinegar is an acidic substance, which has the function of weakly neutralizing ammonia in the air, but it will not react with other harmful components such as formaldehyde.
Myth 2: place pineapple. ※
Put a few pineapples in each room to eliminate the smell of paint, and put more in the big room. Pineapple will volatilize aroma and play a certain role in masking taste, but it will not decompose and remove harmful substances; In addition, pineapple contains a lot of water, which can be humidified at most after volatilization, and can dissolve harmful substances such as formaldehyde, and once dried, formaldehyde will be volatilized.
Myth 3: Over-dependence on plants. ※
Some ornamental plants can really absorb some toxic gases, such as cactus, chlorophytum, aloe, ivy, cycad, chrysanthemum and so on. Ivy, Cycas and Chrysanthemum all have the ability to absorb benzene, which can reduce benzene pollution. However, their role is quite limited. In the face of the intensive emission period of harmful gases in the late decoration period, their weak absorption can not only eliminate pollution, but also protect their own health.
Myth 4: Place tea roots. ※
Some people put dried tea roots in wardrobes and rooms, hoping to help remove toxic gases. As we all know, tea roots play the same role in this respect as dried leaves and toilet paper, and there is almost no absorption and decomposition.
Misunderstanding 5 ozone generator ※
It is a bigger misunderstanding to regard "ozone generator" as an air purification device. Although ozone has the function of sterilization and disinfection, it is also a medical conclusion that it is harmful to human body. The use of ozone disinfection can only be carried out in an environment where the human body is not in contact with it, and it is obviously not suitable for indoor air purification. As for the use of ultraviolet radiation sources as indoor disinfection equipment, foreign countries have long been eliminated, and Hong Kong and other places in China have also been eliminated as early as 20 years ago.
Myth 6: Too much trust in environmentally friendly building materials. ※
The application of environmental protection building materials can help to reduce indoor harmful gases, but even if all environmental protection building materials are used, the final air quality may exceed the standard. Because most environmental protection building materials only contain harmful substances, and the emission of harmful gases is lower than a certain standard, they do not contain harmful substances or emit harmful gases at all. Moreover, due to the decoration design, room structure, ventilation conditions and other factors, due to the superposition effect of harmful gases, the indoor air quality after room decoration cannot be guaranteed to meet the environmental protection standards.
Myth 7 depends entirely on short-term ventilation treatment. ※
As a basic environmental protection measure, ventilation can improve indoor pollution, but most harmful substances will be released slowly for 3- 15 years, which can never be solved by ventilation for several months, and its intensive discharge period is 1-3 years.
Myth 8: Consider environmental protection treatment only when there is irritating smell. ※
Indoor air environment, like human health, has three forms: healthy, sub-healthy and morbid, and many harmful gases are colorless and odorless. Indoor air environment needs prevention, health care and treatment, just like treating diseases.
point out
Cleaning pollution and air is a highly scientific technology, and the indoor environmental protection industry is constantly improving and developing. There is no universal solution at present. Decoration pollution is best solved by professional and formal environmental protection companies, and it is also the main reason for easy pollution.