1, degree of scald
1. First-degree scald: First-degree scald actually only damages the surface layer of the skin, with slight redness and swelling locally, but the pain is still obvious. At this time, the patient must take off his clothes in time, soak the affected area in cold water for half an hour, and then wipe the affected area with sesame oil and vegetable oil.
2. Second-degree scald: Second-degree scald will damage the dermis, some parts will be red and swollen, and blisters of different sizes will appear. Large blisters can be discharged by puncturing the edge with a disinfectant needle. Spread the scald cream evenly first, and then wrap it. The tightness must be moderate.
3. Third-degree burns: Third-degree burns are more serious than the above two. The patient's subcutaneous tissue, fat, muscles and bones will be damaged, showing reddish brown. At this time, patients must go to the hospital to treat burns in time. It is strictly forbidden to apply any purple liquid medicine or ointment to the wound privately, so as not to affect the image of disease treatment.
4. Fourth-degree burns: Fourth-degree burns are very serious, and such patients will have shock and respiratory arrest after burns. The patient must be given artificial respiration or chest massage in time.
2. What should I do after scalding?
First of all, don't touch or rub your face after a burn. This is to prevent some infections in the burn area. We should choose different treatment methods according to the size and severity of scald area. If the scalded skin is red, swollen and blistered, and the blisters are too large, we can take a needle with a sharp thorn and burn it red on the fire. Then, when the needle cools, stick it under the blister, let out the water inside, apply a layer of detoxifying burn cream, and wrap it with gauze.
In addition, if you have a small burn on your face, you need to apply Jingwanhong Plaster immediately. This plaster can not only relieve pain, but also inhibit blisters. Because after scalding, there will be some blisters on the skin. If you apply this medicine, the blisters will not only disappear, but also be less susceptible to infection. Like a small area of second-degree burns, you only need to apply it once to heal. If the face is severely burned, scars may form the day after tomorrow. In this case, after the scar heals, apply some vitamin E capsules, prick with a needle, and gently massage the liquid inside the scar for about 6 minutes, twice a day.
Many patients will suffer from pain and panic after injury, which will lead to deeper wounds and more serious adverse consequences. At this time, the most important thing to do is to immediately carry out "cold therapy"-that is, rinse with cold water of 5- 15 degrees for 20 minutes to half an hour.
There is no specific limit to the temperature of cold water, and the time can also be adjusted according to the specific situation. Cold therapy's principle is to lower the rising skin temperature, so that the heat will not penetrate deep, so that the capillaries will contract, reduce the occurrence of blisters, and at the same time have the effect of relieving pain.
The key is the cooling process. If there is cold water nearby, you can wash and soak it. If there is no cold water nearby, it is also important to take off your clothes as soon as possible. Some patients burn their feet or lower limbs with hot water and insist on taking off their coats after returning to their rooms. This process is enough to leave scars where no scars should be left, and the skin should not be planted.
3. Why not leave a scar?
(1) Pay attention to skin cleanliness and hygiene. When the burn wound has just healed, there are still a small amount of secretions and scabs, so bacteria are easy to multiply quickly. In addition, the epidermis is thin and tender, the structure and function are not perfect, and it is easy to be infected and ulcerated. In the meantime, we can use neutral detergent for cleaning, and then use anti-scar drugs and other treatments after cleaning.
(2) Avoid excessive friction and excessive activity. Due to the imperfect structure and function of scar epidermis, the epidermis is more vulnerable to injury, and some improper treatment may aggravate the injury. When applying anti-scar drugs, it is not advisable to massage excessively or for a long time, which will separate the epidermis from the fiberboard layer to form blisters or blood blisters, and excessive joint activity will also lead to the loosening and separation of the epidermis and blisters.
(3) It is not advisable to exercise prematurely after lower limb burns. Because the scar epidermis is fragile, the structure and function of its underlying blood vessels are not perfect, and it cannot withstand the internal pressure against gravity. When standing, the wound surface of lower limbs will turn purple or even bleed because of capillary rupture, which will aggravate scar hyperplasia. Generally, it is more appropriate to go to the ground in about 3 months. It is best to use a pressure sleeve to protect before going to the ground, which can reduce scar congestion.
(4) The blister should be drained in time to avoid infection and ulcer. Due to various stimuli, the new epidermis is easy to relax and form blisters. If blisters are not treated promptly and correctly, they are usually infected and form ulcers. After the blister appears, the skin can be disinfected with complex iodine, and the blister can be cut off with sterile scissors, resulting in water accumulation. Generally, anti-scar treatment should be implemented after the blisters subside and the ulcers heal.
(5) Under the guidance of experts, take comprehensive measures to control scar hyperplasia and prevent contracture. So far, there is no specific method to completely prevent scar hyperplasia after burn, and comprehensive treatment is still the main method of scar prevention and treatment.
(6) Early prevention and persistence. The formation process of burn scar can be roughly divided into proliferative phase, stable phase and regression phase. The proliferation period lasts from 3 months to 2 years, and most of them are about half a year. However, due to various reasons such as ulcer, pain, impatience or improper methods, some patients often fail to adhere to scar rehabilitation treatment, resulting in scar hyperplasia and contracture.
(7) Correctly grasp the opportunity of plastic surgery to prevent disability. Scar contracture of functional parts, such as hand scar, eye scar and jaw and neck scar, should be operated as soon as possible after the scar is stable, especially children, should be treated as soon as possible, and plastic surgery can be carried out in advance. Otherwise, it will cause abnormal development of joints and bones, shorten blood vessels and nerves, and lead to disability.