Infants with bilateral testicular insufficiency can consider transsexual surgery and vaginal plasty after clitoris plasty. Early determination of gender and being raised by girls can alleviate parents' anxiety. If sex change surgery is refused, sex hormone therapy should be carried out as soon as possible and testosterone should be injected into muscles to promote the development of penis and scrotum.
In adolescence, bilateral testicular defects can be treated by hormone replacement therapy. Intramuscular injection of testosterone can promote masculinity. Infertility with bilateral azoospermia cannot be treated. In order to meet the psychological needs of patients, artificial testis can be implanted into scrotum as a prosthesis. In addition, allogeneic testicular transplantation can be chosen to exclude donor testis, epididymis and vas deferens diseases like other organ transplantation.